Chirp compression

The <a href="/facts/Chirp/hCQrvcz8">chirp</a> <a href="/facts/Pulse_compression/a8PE1dA1">pulse compression</a> process transforms a long duration frequency-coded pulse into a narrow pulse of greatly increased amplitude. It is a technique used in <a href="/facts/Radar/jk9BTbFA">radar</a> and <a href="/facts/Sonar/0Rg2G40e">sonar</a> systems because it is a method whereby a narrow pulse with high peak power can be derived from a long duration pulse with low peak power. Furthermore, the process offers good range resolution because the half-power beam width of the compressed pulse is consistent with the system bandwidth.
The basics of the method for radar applications were developed in the late 1940s and early 1950s, but it was not until 1960, following declassification of the subject matter, that a detailed article on the topic appeared the public domain. Thereafter, the number of published articles grew quickly, as demonstrated by the comprehensive selection of papers to be found in a compilation by Barton.
Briefly, the basic pulse compression properties can be related as follows. For a chirp waveform that sweeps over a frequency range F1 to F2 in a time period T, the nominal bandwidth of the pulse is B, where B = F2 – F1, and the pulse has a time-bandwidth product of T×B. Following pulse compression, a narrow pulse of duration τ is obtained, where τ ≈ 1/B, together with a peak voltage amplification of √T×B.

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Chirp compression