NOD-like receptor

<p>The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors, or NOD-like receptors (NLRs) (also known as nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors), are intracellular sensors of <a href="/facts/Pathogen-associated_molecular_pattern/jLrjQv7T">pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)</a> that enter the cell via <a href="/facts/Phagocytosis/eBrv2XKV">phagocytosis</a> or pores, and <a href="/facts/Damage-associated_molecular_pattern/6nTcgFu1">damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)</a> that are associated with cell stress. They are types of <a href="/facts/Pattern_recognition_receptor/ItopNrK0">pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)</a>, and play key roles in the regulation of <a href="/facts/Innate_immune_system/lz4BpSQI">innate immune response</a>. NLRs can cooperate with <a href="/facts/Toll-like_receptor/hj4qIWP8">toll-like receptors (TLRs)</a> and regulate inflammatory and <a href="/facts/Apoptosis/8dVzSm4y">apoptotic</a> response. 
</p><p>NLRs primarily recognize <a href="/facts/Gram-positive_bacteria/H6WYQ17e">Gram-positive bacteria</a>, whereas TLRs primarily recognize <a href="/facts/Gram-negative_bacteria/S1PbVtp4">Gram-negative bacteria</a>. They are found in <a href="/facts/Lymphocyte/pS2pv2Ma">lymphocytes</a>, <a href="/facts/Macrophage/z7hkQu3o">macrophages</a>, <a href="/facts/Dendritic_cell/19KBuKFK">dendritic cells</a> and also in non-immune cells, for example in <a href="/facts/Epithelium/ecKHcHC3">epithelium</a>. NLRs are highly conserved through evolution. Their homologs have been discovered in many different animal species (<a href="/facts/APAF1/0wwlFS6Y">APAF1</a>) and also in the plant kingdom (<a href="/facts/R_gene/YFHIBfFa">disease-resistance R protein</a>).
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NOD-like receptor open-in-new

NOD-like receptor