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Reference.org
List of European commissioners by member state
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<p> This is a list of <a href="/facts/European_commissioner/AKI0GGyI">European commissioners</a> by member state of the <a href="/facts/European_Union/6GYcR8qM">European Union</a>. Each name is a member of the <a href="/facts/European_Commission/Cc5JgbEI">European Commission</a> and hold a specific portfolio within the college, led by the <a href="/facts/President_of_the_European_Commission/b6H0Yf26">president of the European Commission</a>. They operate similarly as European-level equivalents to <a href="/facts/Minister_(government)/URxFu4Pk">national government ministers</a>. Each <a href="/facts/Member_state_of_the_European_Union/hsFC1pJH">member state of the European Union</a> has the right to a single commissioner (before the Barroso I Commission in November 2004, the five largest states—France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom—were granted two) and appoints them in consultation with the president. </p><p>The accession of <a href="/facts/Romania/yolzk5cN">Romania</a> and <a href="/facts/Bulgaria/Er5pY3YS">Bulgaria</a> in 2007 raised the number of commissioners from 25 to 27, and after the accession of <a href="/facts/Croatia/MSS0yyvw">Croatia</a> in 2013 the number of commissioners raised to 28. The United Kingdom left the EU on 31 January 2020, and did not nominate a commissioner when the Juncker Commission ended on 1 December 2019. </p><p>Below is a list of all past and present European commissioners according to the member state they were nominated by, including the presidents of the <a href="/facts/European_Coal_and_Steel_Community/SgBH2f72">European Coal and Steel Community</a> and <a href="/facts/European_Atomic_Energy_Community/tYFVyafy">European Atomic Energy Community</a>. The colours indicate their European political family background (blue for conservative or centre-right, mainly the <a href="/facts/European_People%2527s_Party/yvlo74rS">European People's Party</a>; red for left-wing or social democrats, mainly the <a href="/facts/Party_of_European_Socialists/bNbx6foo">Party of European Socialists</a>; yellow for centrist or liberals, mainly the <a href="/facts/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_Party/aKUzrwc7">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party</a>; green for green politicians, mainly the <a href="/facts/European_Green_Party/WyMCI3qU">European Green Party</a>; grey for independents or unknowns; and their pan-European predecessors). </p>