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Run-time estimation of system and sub-system level power consumption
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<p>Electronic systems’ <a href="/facts/Power_consumption/eEl4r39x">power consumption</a> has been a real challenge for Hardware and Software designers as well as users especially in portable devices like cell phones and laptop computers. Power consumption also has been an issue for many industries that use computer systems heavily such as Internet service providers using servers or companies with many employees using computers and other computational devices. Many different approaches (during design of HW, SW or real-time estimation) have been discovered by researchers to estimate power consumption efficiently. This survey paper focuses on the different methods where power consumption can be estimated or measured in real-time. </p><p>Measuring real time power dissipation is critical in thermal analysis of a new design of HW like processors (CPU) just as it is important for OS programmers writing process schedulers. Researchers discovered that knowing the real-time power consumption on a subsystem level like CPU, hard drives, memory and other devices can help power optimizations in applications such as storage encryption, virtualization, and application sandboxing, as well as application tradeoffs. </p><p>Different technologies have been discovered that can enable measuring power consumption in real-time. These technologies can be categorized into two main categories: direct measurement using subsystem power sensors and meters or indirect estimation based on provided information such as temperature or performance counters. There are also different methods within each category; for example, different models have been developed to utilize performance counters for power estimation. Each one of these methods has its own benefits and disadvantages. The goal of this paper is to <a href="/facts/Survey_article/zJb444sS">survey</a> that different methods in each category. </p>