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Echinoderma
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<h2 id="general">General</h2> <p>This genus belongs to a group of genera allied to <i><a href="/facts/Lepiota/VSGLD2Xz">Lepiota</a></i> with a white spore print, free (or almost free) gills, stipe easily separable from the cap and having a <a href="/facts/Partial_veil/Jvmq0yzY">partial veil</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> Amongst the <a href="/facts/Agaricaceae/hlsAjFSk">Agaricaceae</a> it is characterized by the white spore powder, cap skin microscopically an <a href="/facts/Pileipellis/jRzbaSsV">epithelium</a> with rounded cells, and a brownish cap and stipe, with brown scales.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p><p>The name comes from the Greek "echinos" (ἐχῖνος) meaning a hedgehog or sea-urchin<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> and "derma" (δέρμα) meaning skin,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> referring to the spiny cap surface. The noun "derma" is neuter and therefore if the species name is an adjective, it needs to take the neuter ending (example: <i>Echinoderma asperum</i>). </p> <h2 id="species">Species</h2> <ul><li><i><a href="/facts/Echinoderma_asperum/Hpr9rSKW">Echinoderma asperum</a></i> (Pers.) Bon 1991</li> <li><i>Echinoderma boertmannii</i> (Knudsen) Bon 1991</li> <li><i>Echinoderma bonii</i> C.E.Hermos. & Jul.Sánchez 1999</li> <li><i>Echinoderma calcicola</i> (Knudsen) Bon 1991</li> <li><i>Echinoderma carinii</i> (Bres.) Bon 1991</li> <li><i>Echinoderma echinaceum</i> (J.E.Lange) Bon 1991</li> <li><i>Echinoderma efibulis</i> (Knudsen) Bon 1991</li> <li><i>Echinoderma hystrix</i> (F.H.Møller & J.E.Lange) Bon 1991</li> <li><i>Echinoderma jacobi</i> (Vellinga & Knudsen) Gminder 2003</li> <li><i>Echinoderma perplexum</i> (Knudsen) Bon 1991</li> <li><i>Echinoderma pseudoasperulum</i> (Knudsen) Bon 1991</li> <li><i>Echinoderma rubellum</i> (Bres.) Migl. 2000</li></ul> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/List_of_Agaricaceae_genera/XYrELmSJ">List of Agaricaceae genera</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_Agaricales_genera/yTGLGaox">List of Agaricales genera</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/73609">A Guide to the Shell and Starfish Galleries: (Mollusca, Polyzoa, Brachiopoda, Tunicata, Echinoderma, and Worms)</a> (1901), British Museum (Natural History). Department of Zoology et al.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Bon M. (1981). "Clé monographique des Lépiotes d'Europe (Agaricaceae, Tribus Lepioteae et Leucocoprineae)". Documents Mycologiques (in French). 11 (43): 1–77. <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Bon M. (1991). "Les genres Echinoderma (Locq. ex Bon) st. nov. et Rugosomyces Raithelhuber ss lato". Documents Mycologiques (in French). 21 (82): 61–66. <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Courtecuisse, R.; Duhem, B. (2013). Champignons de France et d'Europe (in French). Delachaux et Niestlé. p. 60. ISBN 978-2-603-02038-8. Also available in English. <a href="978-2-603-02038-8" target="_blank">978-2-603-02038-8</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Knudsen, H.; Vesterholt, J., eds. (2008). Funga Nordica Agaricoid, boletoid and cyphelloid genera. Copenhagen: Nordsvamp. p. 519. ISBN 978-87-983961-3-0. <a href="978-87-983961-3-0" target="_blank">978-87-983961-3-0</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Henry George Liddell; Robert Scott. "ἐχῖνος". A Greek-English Lexicon; Machine readable text. Tufts University, Oxford. Retrieved 2017-05-25. <a href="http://perseus.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.27:10:154.LSJ" target="_blank">http://perseus.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.27:10:154.LSJ</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Henry George Liddell; Robert Scott. "δέρμα". A Greek-English Lexicon; Machine readable text. Tufts University, Oxford. Retrieved 2017-05-25. <a href="http://perseus.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.16:1:125.LSJ" target="_blank">http://perseus.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.16:1:125.LSJ</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>