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ROBO1
open-in-new
<h2 id="function">Function</h2> <p>Bilateral symmetric nervous systems have special midline structures that establish a partition between the two mirror image halves. Some <a href="/facts/Axon/5DCd4wLo">axons</a> project toward and across the midline in response to long-range <a href="/facts/Chemotaxis/hYPRdPTk">chemoattractants</a> emanating from the midline. The protein encoded by ROBO1 is structurally similar to a <a href="/facts/Drosophila/P4K7RkJl">Drosophila</a> <a href="/facts/Integral_membrane_protein/Vztpmlu1">integral membrane protein</a> which is encoded by the Drosophila roundabout gene (a member of the <a href="/facts/Immunoglobulin/MX8pdTdP">immunoglobulin</a> gene superfamily) and is both an <a href="/facts/Axon_guidance/c33o0dQx">axon guidance</a> receptor and a <a href="/facts/Cell_adhesion/Vg4alzxb">cell adhesion</a> receptor, known to be involved in the decision by axons to cross the central nervous system midline. Two transcript variants encoding different <a href="/facts/Protein_isoform/oWmzfg4l">isoforms</a> have been found for ROBO1.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="clinical-significance">Clinical significance</h2> <p><i>ROBO1</i> was implicated in a <a href="/facts/Communication_disorder/4PQQVnMf">communication disorder</a> based on a <a href="/facts/Finland/G5Ak6T91">Finnish</a> pedigree with severe <a href="/facts/Dyslexia/9xzu9tga">dyslexia</a>. Analyses revealed a translocation had occurred disrupting <i>ROBO1</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> Study of the <a href="/facts/Baddeley%27s_model_of_working_memory/Rx550ADB">phonological memory</a> component of the <a href="/facts/Language_acquisition/bwdh0CVG">language acquisition system</a> suggests that <i>ROBO1</i> <a href="/facts/Gene_polymorphism/6U9NzHwH">polymorphisms</a> are associated with functioning in this system.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> The gene is thought to be related to the brain's ability to represent <a href="/facts/Quantity/E2jCKetq">quantities</a>, and is correlated with better math scores of young children in one limited study.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2> <ul><li>Sundaresan V, Chung G, Heppell-Parton A, et al. (1998). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.onc.1202103">"Homozygous deletions at 3p12 in breast and lung cancer"</a>. <i>Oncogene</i>. 17 (13): 1723–9. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.onc.1202103">10.1038/sj.onc.1202103</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9796701">9796701</a>.</li> <li>Zhao XC, Zhang LM, Li Q, Tong DY, Fan LC, An P, Wu XY, Chen WM, Zhao P, Wang J (2013). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3820100">"Isoflurane post-conditioning protects primary cultures of cortical neurons against oxygen and glucose deprivation injury via upregulation of Slit2/Robo1"</a>. <i>Brain Res</i>. 1537: 283–9. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.brainres.2013.08.036">10.1016/j.brainres.2013.08.036</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3820100">3820100</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23994690">23994690</a>.</li> <li>Brose K, Bland KS, Wang KH, et al. (1999). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2980590-5">"Slit proteins bind Robo receptors and have an evolutionarily conserved role in repulsive axon guidance"</a>. <i>Cell</i>. 96 (6): 795–806. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2980590-5">10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80590-5</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10102268">10102268</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:16301178">16301178</a>.</li> <li>Yuan W, Zhou L, Chen JH, et al. (1999). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fdbio.1999.9371">"The mouse SLIT family: secreted ligands for ROBO expressed in patterns that suggest a role in morphogenesis and axon guidance"</a>. <i>Dev. Biol</i>. 212 (2): 290–306. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fdbio.1999.9371">10.1006/dbio.1999.9371</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10433822">10433822</a>.</li> <li>Bashaw GJ, Kidd T, Murray D, et al. (2000). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2980883-1">"Repulsive axon guidance: Abelson and Enabled play opposing roles downstream of the roundabout receptor"</a>. <i>Cell</i>. 101 (7): 703–15. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2980883-1">10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80883-1</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10892742">10892742</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2715852">2715852</a>.</li> <li>Nguyen Ba-Charvet KT, Brose K, Ma L, et al. (2001). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6762758">"Diversity and specificity of actions of Slit2 proteolytic fragments in axon guidance"</a>. <i>J. Neurosci</i>. 21 (12): 4281–9. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1523%2FJNEUROSCI.21-12-04281.2001">10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-12-04281.2001</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6762758">6762758</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11404413">11404413</a>.</li> <li>Wong K, Ren XR, Huang YZ, et al. (2001). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2801%2900530-X">"Signal transduction in neuronal migration: roles of GTPase activating proteins and the small GTPase Cdc42 in the Slit-Robo pathway"</a>. <i>Cell</i>. 107 (2): 209–21. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2801%2900530-X">10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00530-X</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11672528">11672528</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2458943">2458943</a>.</li> <li>Dallol A, Forgacs E, Martinez A, et al. (2002). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.onc.1205421">"Tumour specific promoter region methylation of the human homologue of the Drosophila Roundabout gene DUTT1 (ROBO1) in human cancers"</a>. <i>Oncogene</i>. 21 (19): 3020–8. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.onc.1205421">10.1038/sj.onc.1205421</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12082532">12082532</a>.</li> <li>Latil A, Chêne L, Cochant-Priollet B, et al. (2003). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fijc.10821">"Quantification of expression of netrins, slits and their receptors in human prostate tumors"</a>. <i>Int. J. Cancer</i>. 103 (3): 306–15. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fijc.10821">10.1002/ijc.10821</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12471613">12471613</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:22859295">22859295</a>.</li> <li>Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC139241">"Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences"</a>. <i>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A</i>. 99 (26): 16899–903. <a href="/facts/Bibcode_(identifier)/9HtdQSGB">Bibcode</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002PNAS...9916899M">2002PNAS...9916899M</a>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.242603899">10.1073/pnas.242603899</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC139241">139241</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12477932">12477932</a>.</li> <li>Hivert B, Liu Z, Chuang CY, et al. (2003). "Robo1 and Robo2 are homophilic binding molecules that promote axonal growth". <i>Mol. Cell. Neurosci</i>. 21 (4): 534–45. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fmcne.2002.1193">10.1006/mcne.2002.1193</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12504588">12504588</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:19664833">19664833</a>.</li> <li>Wang B, Xiao Y, Ding BB, et al. (2004). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1535-6108%2803%2900164-8">"Induction of tumor angiogenesis by Slit-Robo signaling and inhibition of cancer growth by blocking Robo activity"</a>. <i>Cancer Cell</i>. 4 (1): 19–29. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1535-6108%2803%2900164-8">10.1016/S1535-6108(03)00164-8</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12892710">12892710</a>.</li> <li>Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fng1285">"Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs"</a>. <i>Nat. Genet</i>. 36 (1): 40–5. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fng1285">10.1038/ng1285</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14702039">14702039</a>.</li> <li>Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC528928">"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)"</a>. <i>Genome Res</i>. 14 (10B): 2121–7. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1101%2Fgr.2596504">10.1101/gr.2596504</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC528928">528928</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15489334">15489334</a>.</li> <li>Hannula-Jouppi K, Kaminen-Ahola N, Taipale M, et al. (2006). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1270007">"The axon guidance receptor gene ROBO1 is a candidate gene for developmental dyslexia"</a>. <i>PLOS Genet</i>. 1 (4): e50. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.0010050">10.1371/journal.pgen.0010050</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1270007">1270007</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16254601">16254601</a>.</li> <li>Werbowetski-Ogilvie TE, Seyed Sadr M, Jabado N, et al. (2006). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072874">"Inhibition of medulloblastoma cell invasion by Slit"</a>. <i>Oncogene</i>. 25 (37): 5103–12. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.onc.1209524">10.1038/sj.onc.1209524</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2072874">2072874</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16636676">16636676</a>.</li> <li>Muzny DM, Scherer SE, Kaul R, et al. (2006). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature04728">"The DNA sequence, annotation and analysis of human chromosome 3"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. 440 (7088): 1194–8. <a href="/facts/Bibcode_(identifier)/9HtdQSGB">Bibcode</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006Natur.440.1194M">2006Natur.440.1194M</a>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature04728">10.1038/nature04728</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16641997">16641997</a>.</li> <li>Gröne J, Doebler O, Loddenkemper C, et al. (2007). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3892%2For.15.6.1437">"Robo1/Robo4: differential expression of angiogenic markers in colorectal cancer"</a>. <i>Oncol. Rep</i>. 15 (6): 1437–43. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3892%2For.15.6.1437">10.3892/or.15.6.1437</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16685377">16685377</a>.</li> <li>Ito H, Funahashi S, Yamauchi N, et al. (2007). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1158%2F1078-0432.CCR-05-2787">"Identification of ROBO1 as a novel hepatocellular carcinoma antigen and a potential therapeutic and diagnostic target"</a>. <i>Clin. Cancer Res</i>. 12 (11 Pt 1): 3257–64. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1158%2F1078-0432.CCR-05-2787">10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-2787</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16740745">16740745</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Kidd T, Brose K, Mitchell KJ, Fetter RD, Tessier-Lavigne M, Goodman CS, Tear G (Feb 1998). "Roundabout controls axon crossing of the CNS midline and defines a novel subfamily of evolutionarily conserved guidance receptors". Cell. 92 (2): 205–15. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80915-0. PMID 9458045. S2CID 2036419. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2980915-0" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2980915-0</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Sundaresan V, Roberts I, Bateman A, Bankier A, Sheppard M, Hobbs C, Xiong J, Minna J, Latif F, Lerman M, Rabbitts P (Aug 1998). "The DUTT1 gene, a novel NCAM family member is expressed in developing murine neural tissues and has an unusually broad pattern of expression". Mol Cell Neurosci. 11 (1–2): 29–35. doi:10.1006/mcne.1998.0672. PMID 9608531. S2CID 7168171. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Entrez Gene: ROBO1 roundabout, axon guidance receptor, homolog 1 (Drosophila)". <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=6091" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=6091</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Entrez Gene: ROBO1 roundabout, axon guidance receptor, homolog 1 (Drosophila)". <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=6091" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=6091</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Hannula-Jouppi K, Kaminen-Ahola N, Taipale M, Eklund R, Nopola-Hemmi J, Kääriäinen H, Kere J (October 2005). "The axon guidance receptor gene ROBO1 is a candidate gene for developmental dyslexia". PLOS Genet. 1 (4): e50. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0010050. PMC 1270007. PMID 16254601. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1270007" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1270007</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Bates TC, Luciano M, Medland SE, Montgomery GW, Wright MJ, Martin NG (January 2011). "Genetic variance in a component of the language acquisition device: ROBO1 polymorphisms associated with phonological buffer deficits". Behav. Genet. 41 (1): 50–7. doi:10.1007/s10519-010-9402-9. PMID 20949370. S2CID 13129473. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"How genetic variation gives rise to differences in mathematical ability". <a href="https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-10-genetic-variation-differences-mathematical-ability.html" target="_blank">https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-10-genetic-variation-differences-mathematical-ability.html</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>