Lanthanum hydroxide

<h2 id="synthesis">Synthesis</h2>
<p>Lanthanum hydroxide can be obtained by adding an <a href="/facts/Alkali/s6NqPGSP">alkali</a> such as <a href="/facts/Ammonia/MtLtJFtz">ammonia</a> to aqueous solutions of lanthanum salts such as <a href="/facts/Lanthanum_nitrate/Gu8Uaggu">lanthanum nitrate</a>.  This produces a gel-like <a href="/facts/Precipitate/s3BgsLLY">precipitate</a> that can then be dried in air.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a>
</p>
La(NO3)3 + 3 NH4OH  →  La(OH)3 + 3 NH4NO3
<p>Alternatively, it can be produced by <a href="/facts/Hydration_reaction/T1Vb2u1d">hydration reaction</a> (addition of water) to <a href="/facts/Lanthanum_oxide/zUdsqgAx">lanthanum oxide</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a>
</p>
La2O3 + 3 H2O  →  2 La(OH)3
<h2 id="characteristics">Characteristics</h2>
<p>Lanthanum hydroxide does not react much with alkaline substances, however is slightly soluble in acidic solution.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> In temperatures above 330 °C it decomposes into lanthanum oxide hydroxide (LaOOH), which upon further heating decomposes into lanthanum oxide (La2O3):<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a>
</p>
La(OH)3 
  
    
      
        
          
            
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                330
                
                   
                  
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    {\displaystyle \mathrm {{\xrightarrow[{-H_{2}O}]{330\ ^{o}C}}\ } }
  
 LaOOH
2 LaOOH 
  
    
      
        
          
            
              →
              
                
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    {\displaystyle \mathrm {{\xrightarrow[{-H_{2}O}]{\Delta }}\ } }
  
 La2O3
<p>Lanthanum hydroxide crystallizes in the <a href="/facts/Hexagonal_crystal_system/sSSok8wo">hexagonal crystal system</a>. Each lanthanum ion in the crystal structure is surrounded by nine hydroxide ions in a <a href="/facts/Tricapped_trigonal_prismatic_molecular_geometry/klxVT8AG">tricapped trigonal prism</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a>
</p>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/57/lanthanum">"Lanthanum - Element information, properties and uses - Periodic Table"</a>. <i>rsc.org</i>.</li>
<li><a href="http://physchem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/LA/lanthanum_oxide.html">External MSDS 1</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120331182447/http://camel.conncoll.edu/offices/envhealth/MSDS/botany/L/Lanthanum-oxide.html">External MSDS 2</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924082657/http://www.prysmag.com/upfile/pdf/Prysmag_Lanthanum_Rare_Earth_Oxide_La2O3_MSDS.pdf">Lanthanum Oxide MSDS</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>E.V. Shkolnikov (2009). "Thermodynamic Characterization of the Amphoterism of Hydroxides and Oxides of Scandium Subgroup Elements in Aqueous Media". Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry. 82 (2): 2098–2104. doi:10.1134/S1070427209120040. S2CID 93220420. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>Ding, Jiawen; Wu, Yanli; Sun, Weili; Li, Yongxiu (2006). "Preparation of La(OH)3 and La2O3 with Rod Morphology by Simple Hydration of La2O3". Journal of Rare Earths. 24 (4): 440–442. doi:10.1016/S1002-0721(06)60139-7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:3"><p>E.V. Shkolnikov (2009). "Thermodynamic Characterization of the Amphoterism of Hydroxides and Oxides of Scandium Subgroup Elements in Aqueous Media". Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry. 82 (2): 2098–2104. doi:10.1134/S1070427209120040. S2CID 93220420. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:4"><p>Michael E. Brown, Patrick Kent Gallagher (2008). Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. Elsevier. p. 482. ISBN 978-0-44453123-0. <a href="978-0-44453123-0" target="_blank">978-0-44453123-0</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:5"><p>Beall, G.W.; Milligan, W.O.; Wolcott, Herbert A. (1977). "Structural trends in the lanthanide trihydroxides". Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 39 (1): 65–70. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(77)80434-X. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
</ol>

Lanthanum hydroxide open-in-new

Lanthanum hydroxide