Turks in Libya

<h2 id="history">History</h2>
<h3>Ottoman Libya</h3>

See also: <a href="/facts/Karamanli_dynasty/eH2YJYND">Karamanli dynasty</a> and <a href="/facts/Ottoman_Tripolitania/srSzTwrI">Ottoman Tripolitania</a>
During <a href="/facts/Ottoman_Empire/6QvfTRsg">Ottoman</a> Alleigance/Alliance in <a href="/facts/Libya/HMPH8PWR">Libya</a> (1551–1912), Turkish Janissaries began to migrate to the region.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a> A minimal number of said Turks, and <a href="/facts/Janissaries/oAgdrtpw">Janissaries</a> intermarried with the native population, and their offspring were referred to as <a href="/facts/Kouloughlis/eMGNYo3G">Kouloughlis</a> (<a href="/facts/Turkish_language/C5X56Ijp">Turkish</a>: kuloğlu) due to their mixed heritage.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a>
Today there are no Libyans who record their ethnicity as <a href="/facts/Turkish_people/3Rg0k6vU">Turkish</a>, or acknowledge their descent from the <a href="/facts/Ottoman_Turks/q4wBrzH9">Ottomans</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a>

<h3>Italian Libya</h3>
After Libya fell to the Italians in 1911, most Kouloughlis still remained in the region, They played no role in the Resistance itself, and remained an idle, subservient, minority of the population. 

<h2 id="culture">Culture</h2>
As a result of four centuries of <a href="/facts/Ottoman_Empire/6QvfTRsg">Ottoman</a> Presence/Alliance to and within Libya, the Libyans left some of their cultural imprints on the Turks, particularly their language, food, and costumes, which the Kouloughlis adopted from the locals.[citation needed]

<h3>Religion</h3>
The <a href="/facts/Ottoman_Empire/6QvfTRsg">Ottoman</a> brought with them the teaching of the <a href="/facts/Hanafi/hDlsv2jF">Hanafi School</a> of <a href="/facts/Islam/zDLbL45C">Islam</a> during the <a href="/facts/Ottoman_Empire/6QvfTRsg">Ottoman</a>, However the large majority of the Sunni Muslim Libyan population follows the Maliki school of thought.

<h2 id="notable-people">Notable people</h2>

<ul><li>Salah Badi, commander of the Al-Somood Front<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a></li>
<li>Emrullah Barkan [tr], politician</li>
<li>Husni Bey, business tycoon<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Wissam_Bin_Hamid/TNcVHfVv">Wissam Bin Hamid</a>, commander in the <a href="/facts/Libya_Dawn/Pjlkl1eF">Libya Dawn</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a></li>
<li>Mukhtar al-Jahawi, commander of the Anti-Terrorism Force<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a></li>
<li>Abdul Rauf Kara, leader of the <a href="/facts/RADA_Special_Deterrence_Forces/LYfGxofr">Special Deterrence Force</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Ahmed_Karamanli/NFyf451o">Ahmed Karamanli</a>, founded the <a href="/facts/Karamanli_dynasty/eH2YJYND">Karamanli dynasty</a> (1711–1835)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a>
<ul><li>successors:</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Ahmed_Karamanli/NFyf451o">Ahmed I</a> (29 July 1711 – 4 November 1745)</li>
<li>Mehmed Pasha (4 November 1745 – 24 July 1754)</li>
<li>Ali I Pasha (24 July 1754 – 30 July 1793)</li>
<li>Ali Burghul Pasha Cezayrli (30 July 1793 – 20 January 1795)</li>
<li>Ahmed II (20 January – 11 June 1795)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Yusuf_Karamanli/lCQowNFl">Yusuf Karamanli</a> (11 June 1795 – 20 August 1832)</li>
<li>Mehmed Karamanli (1817, 1826, and 1832)</li>
<li>Mehmed ibn Ali (1824 and 1835)</li>
<li>Ali II Karamanli (20 August 1832 – 26 May 1835)</li></ul></li>
<li>Faruk Kenç [tr], film director and producer</li>
<li>Sadullah Koloğlu, former prime minister of <a href="/facts/Benghazi/10pderw0">Benghazi</a> and <a href="/facts/Derna%2c_Libya/T0JJ097r">Darnah</a> (from 1949 to 1952)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a></li>
<li>Cenap Muhittin Kozanoğlu [tr], writer</li>
<li>Suat Kuyaş [tr], soldier</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Umar_Muhayshi/9vY08zA1">Omar Abdullah Meheishy</a>, former Member of the <a href="/facts/Libyan_Revolutionary_Command_Council/o9aLfmdh">Libyan Revolutionary Command Council</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Muhammad_Sakizli/oaHpMzU3">Muhammad Sakizli</a>, Libyan politician</li>
<li>Galip Kemali Söylemezoğlu [tr], diplomat and ambassador to Greece</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Ramadan_Asswehly/6opTPXMT">Ramadan al-Suwayhili</a>, a co-founder of the short-lived <a href="/facts/Tripolitanian_Republic/12mcGrM6">Tripolitanian Republic</a> in 1918<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a></li>
<li>Rasim Ferit Talay [tr], politician</li>
<li>Sadettin Ferit Talay [tr], politician</li>
<li>İlhami Bekir Tez [tr], writer</li>
<li>Muzaffer Tuğsavul [tr], soldier</li>
<li>Hamida al-Unayzi, champion of women's education in Libya<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul>
<li>Turkey portal</li><li>Libya portal</li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Libya%25E2%2580%2593Turkey_relations/DEXuy71E">Libya–Turkey relations</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Turkish_minorities_in_the_former_Ottoman_Empire/HhXksnEg">Turkish minorities in the former Ottoman Empire</a>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Turks_in_the_Arab_world/Ej81fJKd">Turks in the Arab world</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Turks_in_Algeria/KWpEnQbl">Turks in Algeria</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Turks_in_Tunisia/9g53EbmD">Turks in Tunisia</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Foreign_relations_of_Libya/TTC83d3P">Foreign relations of Libya</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/History_of_Libya/hqcynsDw">History of Libya</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="bibliography">Bibliography</h2>
 
<ul><li>Ahmida, Ali Abdullatif (2009), The Making of Modern Libya: State Formation, Colonization, and Resistance (Print), Albany, N.Y: SUNY Press, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1-4384-2891-8.</li>
<li>Dupree, Louis (1958), "The Non-Arab Ethnic Groups of Libya", Middle East Journal, 12 (1): 33–44</li>
<li>Ergener, Reşit (2002), About Turkey: Geography, Economy, Politics, Religion, and Culture, Pilgrims Process, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-9710609-6-7.</li>
<li>Fuller, Graham E. (2008), The New Turkish Republic: Turkey as a pivotal state in the Muslim world, US Institute of Peace Press, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1-60127-019-1.</li>
<li>Harzig, Christiane; <a href="/facts/Danielle_Juteau/68jvotvy">Juteau, Danielle</a>; Schmitt, Irina (2006), The Social Construction of Diversity: Recasting the Master Narrative of Industrial Nations, Berghahn Books, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-57181-376-4.</li>
<li>Koloğlu, Orhan (2007), <a href="http://edoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/HALCoRe_derivate_00003723/500%20Years%20in%20Turkish-Libyan%20Relations.pdf">500 Years in Turkish-Libyan Relations</a> (PDF), SAM.</li>
<li>Malcolm, Peter; Losleben, Elizabeth (2004), Libya, <a href="/facts/Marshall_Cavendish/EVsI4Ce1">Marshall Cavendish</a>, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-7614-1702-8.</li>
<li>Pan, Chia-Lin (1949), "The Population of Libya", Population Studies, 3 (1): 100–125, <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00324728.1949.10416359">10.1080/00324728.1949.10416359</a></li>
<li>Papademetriou, Demetrios G.; Martin, Philip L. (1991), <a href="https://archive.org/details/unsettledrelatio00papa">The Unsettled Relationship: Labor Migration and Economic Development</a>, Greenwood Publishing Group, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-313-25463-X.</li>
<li>Sirageldin, Ismail Abdel-Hamid (2003), Human Capital: Population Economics in the Middle East, American University in Cairo Press, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 977-424-711-6.</li>
<li>Stone, Martin (1997), The Agony of Algeria, <a href="/facts/C._Hurst_%2526_Co._Publishers/j6XV24H1">C. Hurst & Co. Publishers</a>, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-85065-177-9.</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">Pan 1949, 103. - Pan, Chia-Lin (1949), "The Population of Libya", Population Studies, 3 (1): 100–125, doi:10.1080/00324728.1949.10416359 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00324728.1949.10416359" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00324728.1949.10416359</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">Malcolm & Losleben 2004, 62. - Malcolm, Peter; Losleben, Elizabeth (2004), Libya, Marshall Cavendish, ISBN 0-7614-1702-8 <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">Stone 1997, p. 29. - Stone, Martin (1997), The Agony of Algeria, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, ISBN 1-85065-177-9 <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">Milli Gazete. "Levanten Türkler". Archived from the original on 2010-02-23. Retrieved 2012-03-19. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100223132907/http://www.milligazete.com.tr/makale/levanten-turkler-153681.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20100223132907/http://www.milligazete.com.tr/makale/levanten-turkler-153681.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">Malcolm & Losleben 2004, 62. - Malcolm, Peter; Losleben, Elizabeth (2004), Libya, Marshall Cavendish, ISBN 0-7614-1702-8 <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">Stone 1997, p. 29. - Stone, Martin (1997), The Agony of Algeria, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, ISBN 1-85065-177-9 <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">Milli Gazete. "Levanten Türkler". Archived from the original on 2010-02-23. Retrieved 2012-03-19. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100223132907/http://www.milligazete.com.tr/makale/levanten-turkler-153681.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20100223132907/http://www.milligazete.com.tr/makale/levanten-turkler-153681.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">Malcolm & Losleben 2004, 62. - Malcolm, Peter; Losleben, Elizabeth (2004), Libya, Marshall Cavendish, ISBN 0-7614-1702-8 <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">Tastekin, Fehim (2019). "Are Libyan Turks Ankara's Trojan horse?". Al-Monitor. Retrieved 15 September 2019. <a href="https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2019/08/turkey-libya-are-libyan-turks-ankaras-trojan-horse.html" target="_blank">https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2019/08/turkey-libya-are-libyan-turks-ankaras-trojan-horse.html</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">حسني بي: أنا من ضمن المليون تركماني في ليبيا, Alsaaa24, 2019, retrieved 2 January 2020 <a href="https://www.alsaaa24.com/2019/12/23/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B6%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%84/" target="_blank">https://www.alsaaa24.com/2019/12/23/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B6%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%84/</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">Tastekin, Fehim (2019). "Are Libyan Turks Ankara's Trojan horse?". Al-Monitor. Retrieved 15 September 2019. <a href="https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2019/08/turkey-libya-are-libyan-turks-ankaras-trojan-horse.html" target="_blank">https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2019/08/turkey-libya-are-libyan-turks-ankaras-trojan-horse.html</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">Tastekin, Fehim (2019). "Are Libyan Turks Ankara's Trojan horse?". Al-Monitor. Retrieved 15 September 2019. <a href="https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2019/08/turkey-libya-are-libyan-turks-ankaras-trojan-horse.html" target="_blank">https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2019/08/turkey-libya-are-libyan-turks-ankaras-trojan-horse.html</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">Tastekin, Fehim (2019). "Are Libyan Turks Ankara's Trojan horse?". Al-Monitor. Retrieved 15 September 2019. <a href="https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2019/08/turkey-libya-are-libyan-turks-ankaras-trojan-horse.html" target="_blank">https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2019/08/turkey-libya-are-libyan-turks-ankaras-trojan-horse.html</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">Habib, Henry (1981), Libya: Past and Present, Edam Publishing House, p. 42 <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">Hurriyet Daily News. "Turkey's living link to Ottoman Libya: Son of former PM tells father's story". Retrieved 2016-05-15. <a href="http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/default.aspx?pageid=438&n=a-living-link-to-ottoman-libya-son-of-former-pm-tells-father8217s-story-2011-03-04" target="_blank">http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/default.aspx?pageid=438&n=a-living-link-to-ottoman-libya-son-of-former-pm-tells-father8217s-story-2011-03-04</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">First, R. (1974), Libya: The Elusive Revolution, Africana Publishing Company, p. 115, ISBN 0841902119 <a href="0841902119" target="_blank">0841902119</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">Ahmida, Ali Abdullatif (2013), Forgotten Voices: Power and Agency in Colonial and Postcolonial Libya, Routledge, pp. 79–80, ISBN 978-1136784439 <a href="978-1136784439" target="_blank">978-1136784439</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">Tastekin, Fehim (2019). "Are Libyan Turks Ankara's Trojan horse?". Al-Monitor. Retrieved 15 September 2019. <a href="https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2019/08/turkey-libya-are-libyan-turks-ankaras-trojan-horse.html" target="_blank">https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2019/08/turkey-libya-are-libyan-turks-ankaras-trojan-horse.html</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">Yeaw, Katrina Elizabeth Anderson (2017), Women, Resistance and the Creation of New Gendered Frontiers in the Making of Modern Libya, 1890-1980, Georgetown University, p. 152 <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

Turks in Libya open-in-new

Turks in Libya