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<h2 id="tissue-distribution">Tissue distribution</h2> <p>CD103 is expressed widely on <a href="/facts/Intraepithelial_lymphocyte/RnWzcF3G">intraepithelial lymphocyte</a> (IEL) T cells (both αβ T cells and <a href="/facts/%25CE%2593%25CE%25B4_T_cells/GWEuyyYx">γδ T cells</a>) and on some peripheral <a href="/facts/Regulatory_T_cell/1ECRAGMg">regulatory T cells</a> (Tregs).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> It has also been reported on <a href="/facts/Lamina_propria/0X6EyHug">lamina propria</a> T cells.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> A subset of <a href="/facts/Dendritic_cells/19KBuKFK">dendritic cells</a> in the gut <a href="/facts/Mucosa/oIw0vyel">mucosa</a> and <a href="/facts/Mesenteric_lymph_nodes/tfgjc67u">mesenteric lymph nodes</a>, known as CD103 dendritic cells, also expresses this marker.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> </p><p>It is useful in identifying <a href="/facts/Hairy_cell_leukemia/8BUXdMrI">hairy cell leukemia</a> which is positive for this marker in contrast to most other hematologic malignancies which are negative for CD103 except for <a href="/facts/Hairy_cell_leukemia-variant/8BUXdMrI">hairy cell leukemia variant</a>, a fraction of <a href="/facts/Splenic_marginal_zone_lymphoma/PhVKImd0">splenic marginal zone lymphomas</a>, and <a href="/facts/Enteropathy-associated_T_cell_lymphoma/DDqx7dEk">enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="function">Function</h2> <p>The chief ligand for αEβ7 is <a href="/facts/CDH1_(gene)/u3MPHtKl">E-cadherin</a>, a cellular adhesion molecule (<a href="/facts/Cell_adhesion_molecule/84EkpbAb">CAM</a>) found on <a href="/facts/Epithelium/ecKHcHC3">epithelial</a> cells.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> It is probably important for T cell homing to the intestinal sites<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> and thymocyte contacts with thymic reticuloepithelial cells.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p><p>Tregs are important for decreasing the immune response and appear to play a crucial role in the prevention of <a href="/facts/Autoimmune_disease/sojBeQ7t">autoimmune diseases</a>. Tregs are defined as <a href="/facts/CD4/l3krxz97">CD4</a>+/<a href="/facts/CD25/Woa9fxbk">CD25</a>+/<a href="/facts/FOXP3/JdLlsy1o">Foxp3</a>+ cells.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> Some CD4+/FoxP3− cells also express <a href="/facts/CD103/nBknoQLH">CD103</a> and have been attributed regulatory activity. It is unclear whether the presence of CD103 on Treg cells represents a specialized feature for Treg, or Treg differentiation of IEL T cells. </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Cluster_of_differentiation/cLEuDQId">Cluster of differentiation</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Tissue-resident_memory_T_cell/pSQjoMGF">Tissue-resident memory T cell</a></li></ul> <h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2> <ul><li>Davila S, Froeling FE, Tan A, Bonnard C, Boland GJ, Snippe H, et al. (April 2010). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fgene.2010.1">"New genetic associations detected in a host response study to hepatitis B vaccine"</a>. <i>Genes and Immunity</i>. 11 (3): 232–238. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fgene.2010.1">10.1038/gene.2010.1</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20237496">20237496</a>.</li> <li>Tilburgs T, Scherjon SA, Roelen DL, Claas FH (February 2009). "Decidual CD8+CD28- T cells express CD103 but not perforin". <i>Human Immunology</i>. 70 (2): 96–100. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.humimm.2008.12.006">10.1016/j.humimm.2008.12.006</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19150377">19150377</a>.</li> <li>Schlickum S, Sennefelder H, Friedrich M, Harms G, Lohse MJ, Kilshaw P, et al. (August 2008). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1182%2Fblood-2008-01-134833">"Integrin alpha E(CD103)beta 7 influences cellular shape and motility in a ligand-dependent fashion"</a>. <i>Blood</i>. 112 (3): 619–625. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1182%2Fblood-2008-01-134833">10.1182/blood-2008-01-134833</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18492951">18492951</a>.</li> <li>Rose JE, Behm FM, Drgon T, Johnson C, Uhl GR (2010). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2896464">"Personalized smoking cessation: interactions between nicotine dose, dependence and quit-success genotype score"</a>. <i>Molecular Medicine</i>. 16 (7–8): 247–253. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.2119%2Fmolmed.2009.00159">10.2119/molmed.2009.00159</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2896464">2896464</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20379614">20379614</a>.</li> <li>Liu YH, Chen RH, Chen WC, Tsai Y, Wan L, Tsai FJ (August 2010). "Disease association of the CD103 polymorphisms in Taiwan Chinese Graves' ophthalmopathy patients". <i>Ophthalmology</i>. 117 (8): 1645–1651. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ophtha.2009.12.037">10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.12.037</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20417566">20417566</a>.</li> <li>Lesch KP, Timmesfeld N, Renner TJ, Halperin R, Röser C, Nguyen TT, et al. (November 2008). "Molecular genetics of adult ADHD: converging evidence from genome-wide association and extended pedigree linkage studies". <i>Journal of Neural Transmission</i>. 115 (11): 1573–1585. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00702-008-0119-3">10.1007/s00702-008-0119-3</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18839057">18839057</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:7036114">7036114</a>.</li> <li>Shiffman D, O'Meara ES, Bare LA, Rowland CM, Louie JZ, Arellano AR, et al. (January 2008). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2636623">"Association of gene variants with incident myocardial infarction in the Cardiovascular Health Study"</a>. <i>Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology</i>. 28 (1): 173–179. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1161%2FATVBAHA.107.153981">10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.153981</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2636623">2636623</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17975119">17975119</a>.</li> <li>Agace WW, Higgins JM, Sadasivan B, Brenner MB, Parker CM (October 2000). "T-lymphocyte-epithelial-cell interactions: integrin alpha(E)(CD103)beta(7), LEEP-CAM and chemokines". <i>Current Opinion in Cell Biology</i>. 12 (5): 563–568. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0955-0674%2800%2900132-0">10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00132-0</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10978890">10978890</a>.</li> <li>Hadley G (July 2004). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1600-6143.2004.00465.x">"Role of integrin CD103 in promoting destruction of renal allografts by CD8 T cells"</a>. <i>American Journal of Transplantation</i>. 4 (7): 1026–1032. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1600-6143.2004.00465.x">10.1111/j.1600-6143.2004.00465.x</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15196058">15196058</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:3038018">3038018</a>.</li> <li>Enjuanes A, Benavente Y, Bosch F, Martín-Guerrero I, Colomer D, Pérez-Alvarez S, et al. (December 2008). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1158%2F0008-5472.CAN-08-2221">"Genetic variants in apoptosis and immunoregulation-related genes are associated with risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia"</a>. <i>Cancer Research</i>. 68 (24): 10178–10186. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1158%2F0008-5472.CAN-08-2221">10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-2221</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19074885">19074885</a>.</li> <li>Luke MM, O'Meara ES, Rowland CM, Shiffman D, Bare LA, Arellano AR, et al. (February 2009). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2881155">"Gene variants associated with ischemic stroke: the cardiovascular health study"</a>. <i>Stroke</i>. 40 (2): 363–368. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1161%2FSTROKEAHA.108.521328">10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.521328</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2881155">2881155</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19023099">19023099</a>.</li> <li>Silva LK, Blanton RE, Parrado AR, Melo PS, Morato VG, Reis EA, et al. (November 2010). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2950898">"Dengue hemorrhagic fever is associated with polymorphisms in JAK1"</a>. <i>European Journal of Human Genetics</i>. 18 (11): 1221–1227. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fejhg.2010.98">10.1038/ejhg.2010.98</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2950898">2950898</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20588308">20588308</a>.</li> <li>Annacker O, Coombes JL, Malmstrom V, Uhlig HH, Bourne T, Johansson-Lindbom B, et al. (October 2005). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2213206">"Essential role for CD103 in the T cell-mediated regulation of experimental colitis"</a>. <i>The Journal of Experimental Medicine</i>. 202 (8): 1051–1061. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1084%2Fjem.20040662">10.1084/jem.20040662</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2213206">2213206</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16216886">16216886</a>.</li> <li>Kilshaw PJ, Higgins JM (October 2002). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2194032">"Alpha E: no more rejection?"</a>. <i>The Journal of Experimental Medicine</i>. 196 (7): 873–875. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1084%2Fjem.20021404">10.1084/jem.20021404</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2194032">2194032</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12370249">12370249</a>.</li> <li>Uss E, Rowshani AT, Hooibrink B, Lardy NM, van Lier RA, ten Berge IJ (September 2006). <a href="https://doi.org/10.4049%2Fjimmunol.177.5.2775">"CD103 is a marker for alloantigen-induced regulatory CD8+ T cells"</a>. <i>Journal of Immunology</i>. 177 (5): 2775–2783. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4049%2Fjimmunol.177.5.2775">10.4049/jimmunol.177.5.2775</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16920912">16920912</a>.</li> <li>Le Floc'h A, Jalil A, Vergnon I, Le Maux Chansac B, Lazar V, Bismuth G, et al. (March 2007). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2137907">"Alpha E beta 7 integrin interaction with E-cadherin promotes antitumor CTL activity by triggering lytic granule polarization and exocytosis"</a>. <i>The Journal of Experimental Medicine</i>. 204 (3): 559–570. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1084%2Fjem.20061524">10.1084/jem.20061524</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2137907">2137907</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17325197">17325197</a>.</li> <li>Heron M, Grutters JC, Van Moorsel CH, Ruven HJ, Kazemier KM, Claessen AM, et al. (October 2009). "Effect of variation in ITGAE on risk of sarcoidosis, CD103 expression, and chest radiography". <i>Clinical Immunology</i>. 133 (1): 117–125. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.clim.2009.06.007">10.1016/j.clim.2009.06.007</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19604725">19604725</a>.</li> <li>Shaw SK, Brenner MB (October 1995). "The beta 7 integrins in mucosal homing and retention". <i>Seminars in Immunology</i>. 7 (5): 335–342. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F1044-5323%2895%2990014-4">10.1016/1044-5323(95)90014-4</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8580465">8580465</a>.</li> <li>Dickeson SK, Santoro SA (June 1998). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11147323">"Ligand recognition by the I domain-containing integrins"</a>. <i>Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences</i>. 54 (6): 556–566. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs000180050184">10.1007/s000180050184</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11147323">11147323</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9676575">9676575</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9775686">9775686</a>.</li> <li>Heron M, Slieker WA, Zanen P, van Lochem EG, Hooijkaas H, van den Bosch JM, et al. (March 2008). "Evaluation of CD103 as a cellular marker for the diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis". <i>Clinical Immunology</i>. 126 (3): 338–344. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.clim.2007.11.005">10.1016/j.clim.2007.11.005</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18182176">18182176</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?name=ITGAE+protein%2C+human">ITGAE+protein,+human</a> at the U.S. National Library of Medicine <a href="/facts/Medical_Subject_Headings/C57g2JuF">Medical Subject Headings</a> (MeSH)</li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141211173306/http://www.cellmigration.org/index.shtml">"ITGAE Orthologs"</a>. <i>Cell Migration Consortium</i>. Archived from <a href="http://cmkb.cellmigration.org/report.cgi?report=orth_overview&gene_id=3682">the original</a> on 2014-12-11.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Kilshaw PJ, Higgins JM (October 2002). "Alpha E: no more rejection?". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 196 (7): 873–875. doi:10.1084/jem.20021404. PMC 2194032. PMID 12370249. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2194032" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2194032</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Entrez Gene: integrin". <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3682" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3682</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Lehmann J, Huehn J, de la Rosa M, Maszyna F, Kretschmer U, Krenn V, et al. (October 2002). "Expression of the integrin alpha Ebeta 7 identifies unique subsets of CD25+ as well as CD25- regulatory T cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 99 (20): 13031–13036. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9913031L. doi:10.1073/pnas.192162899. PMC 130581. PMID 12242333. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC130581" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC130581</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Aziz S, Fackler OT, Meyerhans A, Müller-Lantzsch N, Zeitz M, Schneider T (January 2005). "Replication of M-tropic HIV-1 in activated human intestinal lamina propria lymphocytes is the main reason for increased virus load in the intestinal mucosa". Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 38 (1): 23–30. doi:10.1097/00126334-200501010-00005. PMID 15608520. S2CID 22884381. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F00126334-200501010-00005" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1097%2F00126334-200501010-00005</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Johansson-Lindbom B, Svensson M, Pabst O, Palmqvist C, Marquez G, Förster R, et al. (October 2005). "Functional specialization of gut CD103+ dendritic cells in the regulation of tissue-selective T cell homing". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 202 (8): 1063–1073. doi:10.1084/jem.20051100. PMC 2213212. PMID 16216890. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2213212" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2213212</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Pileri SA, Stein H, et al. (2008). WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues (World Health Organization Classification of Tumours) (4th ed.). Geneva: World Health Organization. ISBN 978-92-832-2431-0. <a href="978-92-832-2431-0" target="_blank">978-92-832-2431-0</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Hadley GA, Bartlett ST, Via CS, Rostapshova EA, Moainie S (October 1997). "The epithelial cell-specific integrin, CD103 (alpha E integrin), defines a novel subset of alloreactive CD8+ CTL". Journal of Immunology. 159 (8): 3748–3756. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.159.8.3748. PMID 9378961. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4049%2Fjimmunol.159.8.3748" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.4049%2Fjimmunol.159.8.3748</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Agace WW, Higgins JM, Sadasivan B, Brenner MB, Parker CM (October 2000). "T-lymphocyte-epithelial-cell interactions: integrin alpha(E)(CD103)beta(7), LEEP-CAM and chemokines". Current Opinion in Cell Biology. 12 (5): 563–568. doi:10.1016/S0955-0674(00)00132-0. PMID 10978890. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Kutlesa S, Wessels JT, Speiser A, Steiert I, Müller CA, Klein G (December 2002). "E-cadherin-mediated interactions of thymic epithelial cells with CD103+ thymocytes lead to enhanced thymocyte cell proliferation". Journal of Cell Science. 115 (Pt 23): 4505–4515. doi:10.1242/jcs.00142. PMID 12414996. S2CID 14571087. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Allakhverdi Z, Fitzpatrick D, Boisvert A, Baba N, Bouguermouh S, Sarfati M, et al. (December 2006). "Expression of CD103 identifies human regulatory T-cell subsets". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 118 (6): 1342–1349. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2006.07.034. PMID 17137867. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>