Choronym

<h2 id="typology">Typology</h2>
Choronyms can be classified by several criteria, primarily related to their origin (etymology) or meaning (semantics).
According to their origin (<a href="/facts/Etymology/18QG6y67">etymology</a>), choronyms are divided in two basic groups:

<ul><li>Endonymic choronyms, known as endochoronyms,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a> represent regional or country names of <a href="/facts/Endonymic/8pyd1nE9">endonymic</a> (native) origin, created and used by native populations of those territories. For example, term Deutschland is an endochoronym (native name) for a country that is called Germany in English.</li>
<li>Exonymic choronyms, known as exochoronyms,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a> represent regional or country names of <a href="/facts/Exonymic/8pyd1nE9">exonymic</a> (foreign) origin that are created and used by those who do not belong to the native population of a referred territory. For example, the term Germany is an exochoronym (foreign name) used in English as a designation for a country that is called Deutschland by its native population.</li></ul>
According to their meanings (<a href="/facts/Lexical_semantics/CyyMMxuK">semantics</a>), choronyms can also be divided into:

<ul><li>Natural, or geographical choronyms: proper names of natural (geographical) regions, spanning from names of local geographical areas, to regional names of global significance (Scandinavia, Amazon, Sahel, Siberia, Africa)</li>
<li>Political, or administrative choronyms: proper names of political (administrative) regions (counties, provinces, states, state unions).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>

<ul><li><a href="/facts/List_of_country-name_etymologies/p0BmSNj3">List of country-name etymologies</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/List_of_country_names_in_various_languages/nf8yNSc7">List of country names in various languages</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/List_of_country_names_in_their_native_languages/TzvMabND">List of country names in their native languages</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/List_of_ISO_3166_country_codes/CLchqrps">List of ISO 3166 country codes</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="sources">Sources</h2>

<ul><li>Dorion, Henri (1975). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DOd5AAAAMAAJ">"New Perspectives in Choronymic Research"</a>. Canoma: News and Views on Canadian Toponymy. 1 (1): 4–12.</li>
<li>Dorion, Henri; Hamelin, Louis-Edmond (1966). <a href="https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/59280829.pdf">"De la toponymie traditionnelle à une choronymie totale"</a> (PDF). Cahiers de géographie du Québec. 10 (20): 195–211. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.7202%2F020624ar">10.7202/020624ar</a>.</li>
<li>Dorion, Henri; Hamelin, Louis-Edmond (1976). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aOl5AAAAMAAJ">"From the Traditional Toponymy to a Comprehensive Choronymy"</a>. Canoma: News and Views on Canadian Toponymy. 2 (1): 6–13.</li>
<li>Harvalík, Milan; Caffarelli, Enzo, eds. (2007). <a href="https://pure.knaw.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/461196/Terminology.pdf">"Onomastic Terminology: An International Survey"</a> (PDF). Rivista Italiana di Onomastica. 13 (1): 181–220.</li>
<li>Jeník, Jan (2002). <a href="https://www.npsumava.cz/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/sg8_jenik.pdf">"Choronyms in the Bavarian-Bohemian-Upper Austrian Borderland: Contribution towards their Standardization"</a> (PDF). Silva Gabreta. 8: 5–18.</li>
<li>Kapfhammer, Günther (1989). "Choronym - die zukünftige wissenschaftliche Bezeichnung für Landschaftsname?". Blätter für oberdeutsche Namenforschung. 26: 32–34.</li>
<li>Kozlovskaya, Valeriya, ed. (2017). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hcwnDwAAQBAJ">The Northern Black Sea in Antiquity: Networks, Connectivity, and Cultural Interactions</a>. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1-107-01951-5.</li>
<li>Munteanu, Eugen (2009). <a href="http://www.diacronia.ro/ro/indexing/details/V257/pdf">"Das Choronymische Mikrosystem des Rumänischen: Eine Historische Darstellung"</a>. Names in Multi Lingual, Multi Cultural and Multi Ethnic Contact. Proceedings of the 23rd International Congress of Onomastic Sciences. Toronto: York University. pp. 740–750.</li>
<li>Room, Adrian (1996). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XEtiAAAAMAAJ">An Alphabetical Guide to the Language of Name Studies</a>. Lanham and London: The Scarecrow Press. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-8108-3169-8.</li></ul>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>

Look up choronym in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

<ul><li> Media related to Country names at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">Dorion & Hamelin 1976, p. 6-13. - Dorion, Henri; Hamelin, Louis-Edmond (1976). "From the Traditional Toponymy to a Comprehensive Choronymy". Canoma: News and Views on Canadian Toponymy. 2 (1): 6–13. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aOl5AAAAMAAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=aOl5AAAAMAAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">Room 1996, p. 20. - Room, Adrian (1996). An Alphabetical Guide to the Language of Name Studies. Lanham and London: The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-3169-8. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XEtiAAAAMAAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=XEtiAAAAMAAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">Dorion & Hamelin 1966, p. 195-211. - Dorion, Henri; Hamelin, Louis-Edmond (1966). "De la toponymie traditionnelle à une choronymie totale" (PDF). Cahiers de géographie du Québec. 10 (20): 195–211. doi:10.7202/020624ar. <a href="https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/59280829.pdf" target="_blank">https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/59280829.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">Dorion 1975, p. 4-12. - Dorion, Henri (1975). "New Perspectives in Choronymic Research". Canoma: News and Views on Canadian Toponymy. 1 (1): 4–12. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DOd5AAAAMAAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=DOd5AAAAMAAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">Kapfhammer 1989, p. 32-34. - Kapfhammer, Günther (1989). "Choronym - die zukünftige wissenschaftliche Bezeichnung für Landschaftsname?". Blätter für oberdeutsche Namenforschung. 26: 32–34. <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">Munteanu 2009, p. 746. - Munteanu, Eugen (2009). "Das Choronymische Mikrosystem des Rumänischen: Eine Historische Darstellung". Names in Multi Lingual, Multi Cultural and Multi Ethnic Contact. Proceedings of the 23rd International Congress of Onomastic Sciences. Toronto: York University. pp. 740–750. <a href="http://www.diacronia.ro/ro/indexing/details/V257/pdf" target="_blank">http://www.diacronia.ro/ro/indexing/details/V257/pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">Kozlovskaya 2017, p. 235. - Kozlovskaya, Valeriya, ed. (2017). The Northern Black Sea in Antiquity: Networks, Connectivity, and Cultural Interactions. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-01951-5. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hcwnDwAAQBAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=hcwnDwAAQBAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">Room 1996, p. 3. - Room, Adrian (1996). An Alphabetical Guide to the Language of Name Studies. Lanham and London: The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-3169-8. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XEtiAAAAMAAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=XEtiAAAAMAAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

Choronym open-in-new

Choronym