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Radio-frequency engineering
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<h2 id="radio-electronics">Radio electronics</h2> <p><i>Radio electronics</i> is concerned with <a href="/facts/Electronics/E4JhgISq">electronic</a> <a href="/facts/Electrical_network/zt94kTW0">circuits</a> which receive or transmit <a href="/facts/Radio/XFr909M2">radio</a> signals. </p><p>Typically, such circuits must operate at <a href="/facts/Radio_frequency/aWku7h4R">radio frequency</a> and power levels, which imposes special constraints on their design. These constraints increase in their importance with higher frequencies. At <a href="/facts/Microwave/HmVSN31Y">microwave</a> frequencies, the <a href="/facts/Reactance_(electronics)/LnvyrUnM">reactance</a> of <a href="/facts/Signal_trace/zDcDsuTq">signal traces</a> becomes a crucial part of the physical layout of the circuit. </p><p>List of radio electronics topics: </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Radio_frequency/aWku7h4R">RF</a> <a href="/facts/Oscillator/6vSrm84a">oscillators</a>: <a href="/facts/Phase-locked_loop/sgmca8aQ">Phase-locked loop</a>, <a href="/facts/Voltage-controlled_oscillator/85sdYF0m">voltage-controlled oscillator</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Transmitter/nFYghtKv">Transmitters</a>, <a href="/facts/Transmission_line/cYlqaPo3">transmission lines</a>, <a href="/facts/Antenna_tuner/ExtH4QI2">transmission line tuners</a>, <a href="/facts/RF_connector/5ApBJz1Q">RF connectors</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Antenna_(electronics)/pGlcXBvc">Antennas</a>, <a href="/facts/Antenna_theory/pGlcXBvc">antenna theory</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Radio_receiver/5olDTxkg">Receivers</a>, <a href="/facts/Tuner_(radio)/Vg0Tov5e">tuners</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Electronic_amplifier/pnRgxncC">Amplifiers</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Modulator/aAXPjINv">Modulators</a>, <a href="/facts/Demodulator/GFLGoxFl">demodulators</a>, <a href="/facts/Detector_(radio)/FC2XtWwU">detectors</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/RF_and_microwave_filter/jSmB1Md9">RF filters</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/RF_shielding/FUHXGc5H">RF shielding</a>, <a href="/facts/Ground_plane/quwvjQl0">ground plane</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Direct-sequence_spread_spectrum/l3u1HVTd">Direct-sequence spread spectrum</a> (DSSS), <a href="/facts/Noise_power/orFSKhF4">noise power</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Digital_radio/X0Kp5l8E">Digital radio</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/RF_power_amplifier/zGWS965K">RF power amplifiers</a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/MOSFET/eTDJT2Km">Metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET)s</a>: <a href="/facts/Power_MOSFET/rfT6MMTf">Power MOSFET</a>, <a href="/facts/LDMOS/kofkoEMt">Laterally-diffused metal-oxide semiconductor (LDMOS)</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Bipolar_junction_transistors/9BMcGv5Q">Bipolar junction transistors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/Baseband_processor/R0TgKqu7">Baseband processors</a> (<a href="/facts/CMOS/NJIWYgBl">Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/RF_CMOS/JFHusm1C">RF CMOS</a> (<a href="/facts/Mixed-signal/cDkjcck8">mixed-signal</a> <a href="/facts/Integrated_circuits/fjn6vg7C">integrated circuits</a>)</li></ul> <h2 id="duties">Duties</h2> <p>Radio-frequency engineers are specialists in their respective field and can take on many different roles, such as design, installation, and maintenance. Radio-frequency engineers require many years of extensive experience in the area of study. This type of engineer has experience with transmission systems, device design, and placement of antennas for optimum performance. The RF engineer job description at a broadcast facility can include maintenance of the station's high-power broadcast transmitters and associated systems. This includes transmitter site emergency power, remote control, main transmission line and <a href="/facts/Antenna_(radio)/pGlcXBvc">antenna</a> adjustments, <a href="/facts/Microwave_radio_relay/bz9H9Ete">microwave radio relay</a> <a href="/facts/Studio/transmitter_link/UgA5Fz8r">STL</a>/<a href="/facts/Transmitter/studio_link/UgA5Fz8r">TSL</a> links, and more. </p><p>In addition, a radio-frequency design engineer must be able to understand electronic hardware design, circuit board material, antenna radiation, and the effect of interfering frequencies that prevent optimum performance within the piece of equipment being developed. </p> <h2 id="mathematics">Mathematics</h2> <p>There are many applications of <a href="/facts/Electrodynamics/oAkmALHT">electromagnetic theory</a> to radio-frequency engineering, using conceptual tools such as <a href="/facts/Vector_calculus/mXKIJLJE">vector calculus</a> and <a href="/facts/Complex_analysis/hgCoQlH0">complex analysis</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> Topics studied in this area include <a href="/facts/Waveguide_(electromagnetism)/M60l8qrm">waveguides</a> and <a href="/facts/Transmission_line/cYlqaPo3">transmission lines</a>, the behavior of <a href="/facts/Antenna_(radio)/pGlcXBvc">radio antennas</a>, and the <a href="/facts/Radio_propagation/80y1JV4M">propagation of radio waves</a> through the Earth's atmosphere. Historically, the subject played a significant role in the development of <a href="/facts/Nonlinear_dynamics/4aYItALC">nonlinear dynamics</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul> <li>Television portal</li><li>Engineering portal</li><li>Technology and applied sciences portal</li></ul> <p class="note">Main category: Radio electronics</p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Broadcast_engineering/LoEgyLgS">Broadcast engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Information_theory/qNLH3U5P">Information theory</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Microwave_engineering/Sy0hWFeW">Microwave engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Overlap_zone/a2q1ubtn">Overlap zone</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Radar_engineering/sggGdjjW">Radar engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Radio_resource_management/AC4jhxu9">Radio resource management</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Radio-frequency_current/aWku7h4R">Radio-frequency current</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/SPLAT!/UBjsUILo">SPLAT! (software)</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_textbooks_in_electromagnetism/u6beVGsy">List of textbooks in electromagnetism</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/radio-frequency-analysis-design/">Practical Guide to Radio-Frequency Analysis and Design</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>A. A. Ghirardi, Radio Physics Course, 2nd ed. New York: Rinehart Books, 1932, p. 249 <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Signal Corps U.S. Army, The Principles Underlying Radio Communication, 2nd ed. Washington, DC: U.S.G.P.O., 1922, p. 191 <a href="https://archive.org/stream/principlesunderl00unitrich#page/190/mode/2up" target="_blank">https://archive.org/stream/principlesunderl00unitrich#page/190/mode/2up</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Technical Manual TM 11-665: C-W and A-M Radio Transmitters and Receivers. Dept. of the Army, US Government Printing Office. 1952. p. 2. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f9QXAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA2" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=f9QXAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA2</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"How to Measure Requirement for RF Equipments". 30 January 2018. <a href="http://ranatec.com/how-to-measure-requirement-for-rf-equipments/" target="_blank">http://ranatec.com/how-to-measure-requirement-for-rf-equipments/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Blaunstein, Nathan; Christodoulou, Christos; Sergeev, Mikhail (2016-10-14). Introduction to Radio Engineering. CRC Press. ISBN 9781315350080. <a href="9781315350080" target="_blank">9781315350080</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Räisänen, Antti V.; Lehto, Arto (2003). Radio Engineering for Wireless Communication and Sensor Applications. Artech House. ISBN 9781580536691. <a href="9781580536691" target="_blank">9781580536691</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Israel, Giorgio (2004). "Technological Innovation and New Mathematics: van der Pol and the Birth of Nonlinear Dynamics". Technological Concepts and Mathematical Models in the Evolution of Modern Engineering Systems (PDF). Birkhäuser, Basel. pp. 52–77. doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-7951-4_3. ISBN 9783034896337. <a href="9783034896337" target="_blank">9783034896337</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>