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Corneal ectatic disorders
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<h2 id="types">Types</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Keratoconus/vSL1at9P">Keratoconus</a>, a progressive, noninflammatory, bilateral, asymmetric disease, characterized by paraxial stromal thinning and weakening that leads to corneal surface distortion.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Keratoglobus/A4s8bhpA">Keratoglobus</a>, a rare noninflammatory corneal thinning disorder, characterised by generalised thinning and globular protrusion of the cornea.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Pellucid_marginal_degeneration/dVFlXb37">Pellucid marginal degeneration</a>, a bilateral, noninflammatory disorder, characterized by a peripheral band of thinning of the inferior cornea.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a></li> <li>Posterior keratoconus, a rare condition, usually congenital, which causes a nonprogressive thinning of the inner surface of the cornea, while the curvature of the anterior surface remains normal. Usually only a single eye is affected.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Post-LASIK_ectasia/ReMh0SPz">Post-LASIK ectasia</a>, a complication of <a href="/facts/LASIK/QnonaDeI">LASIK</a> eye surgery.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Terrien%27s_marginal_degeneration/SvV7kNFx">Terrien's marginal degeneration</a>, a painless, noninflammatory, unilateral or asymmetrically bilateral, slowly progressive thinning of the peripheral <a href="/facts/Corneal_stroma/Gh0n2KvE">corneal stroma</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="diagnosis">Diagnosis</h2> <p>Usually diagnosed clinically by several clinical tests. Although some investigations might needed for confirming the diagnosis and to differentiate different types of corneal ectatic diseases. </p> <ul><li>Corneal topography</li> <li>Corneal tomography</li></ul> <h2 id="treatment">Treatment</h2> <p>Treatment options include <a href="/facts/Contact_lenses/0nzxq5Rm">contact lenses</a> and <a href="/facts/Intrastromal_corneal_ring_segments/mkyA5Vne">intrastromal corneal ring segments</a> for correcting <a href="/facts/Refractive_errors/bcWcSg2N">refractive errors</a> caused by irregular corneal surface,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Corneal_collagen_cross-linking/Vrpcylge">corneal collagen cross-linking</a> to strengthen a weak and ectatic cornea,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> or <a href="/facts/Corneal_transplant/KbY9cpmr">corneal transplant</a> for advanced cases. </p> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://www.ijkecd.com/">International Journal of Keratoconus and Ectatic Corneal Diseases</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Corneal ectatic disorders (keratoconus and pellucid marginal degeneration)". AAO ONE Network. American Academy of Ophthalmology. <a href="http://one.aao.org/bcscsnippetdetail.aspx?id=509158fd-490f-432f-bdce-55b4f31b100e" target="_blank">http://one.aao.org/bcscsnippetdetail.aspx?id=509158fd-490f-432f-bdce-55b4f31b100e</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Weissman, Barry A; Yeung, Karen K (2019-05-30). "Keratoconus". Medscape. <a href="http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1194693-overview#showall" target="_blank">http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1194693-overview#showall</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Wallang, B S; Das, S (28 June 2013). "Keratoglobus". Eye. 27 (9): 1004–1012. doi:10.1038/eye.2013.130. PMC 3772364. PMID 23807384. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3772364" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3772364</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Rasheed, Karim; Rabinowitz, Yaron (2018-12-24). "Pellucid Marginal Degeneration". Medscape. <a href="http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1196382-overview#showall" target="_blank">http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1196382-overview#showall</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Ectasia After LASIK". American Academy of Ophthalmology. <a href="http://eyewiki.aao.org/Ectasia_After_LASIK" target="_blank">http://eyewiki.aao.org/Ectasia_After_LASIK</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Terrien marginal degeneration". American Academy of Ophthalmology. <a href="http://one.aao.org/bcscsnippetdetail.aspx?id=2a425fcf-a3b3-47b6-acf8-643b6a9f7f93" target="_blank">http://one.aao.org/bcscsnippetdetail.aspx?id=2a425fcf-a3b3-47b6-acf8-643b6a9f7f93</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Marsack, Jason D.; Parker, Katrina E.; Applegate, Raymond A. (December 2008). "Performance of Wavefront-Guided Soft Lenses in Three Keratoconus Subjects". Optometry and Vision Science. 85 (12): E1172 – E1178. doi:10.1097/OPX.0b013e31818e8eaa. PMC 2614306. PMID 19050464. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2614306" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2614306</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Marsack, JD; Parker, KE; Niu, Y; Pesudovs, K; Applegate, RA (November 2007). "On-eye performance of custom wavefront-guided soft contact lenses in a habitual soft lens-wearing keratoconic patient". Journal of Refractive Surgery. 23 (9): 960–4. doi:10.3928/1081-597x-20071101-18. PMID 18041254. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Avni-Zauberman, N; Rootman, DS (November 2014). "Cross-linking and intracorneal ring segments--review of the literature". Eye & Contact Lens. 40 (6): 365–70. doi:10.1097/icl.0000000000000091. PMID 25320956. S2CID 38858189. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>