San Marino

<h2 id="history">History</h2>
Main article: <a href="/facts/History_of_San_Marino/Rcdm1BId">History of San Marino</a>

According to legendary accounts that were first recorded centuries after he is suggested to have lived,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a> <a href="/facts/Saint_Marinus/AY3743Nv">Saint Marinus</a> left the <a href="/facts/Island_of_Rab/55N6asMF">island of Rab</a> in present-day <a href="/facts/Croatia/MSS0yyvw">Croatia</a> with his lifelong friend Leo, and went to the city of <a href="/facts/Rimini/8YNLoM9m">Rimini</a> as a stonemason. After the <a href="/facts/Diocletianic_Persecution/ysQ8yY31">Diocletianic Persecution</a> following his Christian sermons, he escaped to the nearby <a href="/facts/Monte_Titano/lm5LAuBe">Monte Titano</a>, where he built a small church and thus founded what is now the city and state of San Marino.
According to William Miller, these accounts of the origin of San Marino "are a mixture of fables and miracles, but perhaps contain some grains of fact". The earliest historical evidence for a monastic community in San Marino dates to the 5th or 6th century AD, when a monk named Eugippus recorded that another monk had lived in a monastery in the area.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a> In 1291, San Marino appealed to the bishop of Arezzo, Ildebrandino Guidi di Romena, against the contribution demands by the Vicario del <a href="/facts/Montefeltro/8VrKpMcG">Montefeltro</a>. Jurist Palamede di Rimini decided in favour of San Marino and recognised its tax exemption from tributes demands of Montefeltro. In 1296, when Guglielmo Durante was the governor of Romagna, Sammarinesi appealed to <a href="/facts/Pope_Boniface_VIII/kHRAHrGA">Pope Boniface VIII</a> against the further requests by the Montefeltro <a href="/facts/Podest%25C3%25A0/5KxGaXjX">podestas</a> regarding tributes. Abbot Ranieri di Sant'Anastasio was assigned to judge the dispute. A long process was held using various witnesses and sources to determine San Marino tax's exemption status. The verdict was probably in favour of the autonomy of San Marino, as later the State did not pay taxes to the Montefeltro.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a>
In 1320, the community of <a href="/facts/Chiesanuova/8vRtKVeu">Chiesanuova</a> chose to join the country.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a> In 1463, San Marino was enlarged by the inclusion of the communities of <a href="/facts/Faetano/sUw39Ic0">Faetano</a>, <a href="/facts/Fiorentino/wJ9ctwMq">Fiorentino</a>, <a href="/facts/Montegiardino/gA7haGTf">Montegiardino</a>, and <a href="/facts/Serravalle%2c_San_Marino/0yTfX2ch">Serravalle</a>; since then, the country's borders have remained unchanged.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a>
In 1503, <a href="/facts/Cesare_Borgia/oc7Yu77I">Cesare Borgia</a>, the son of <a href="/facts/Pope_Alexander_VI/cD0y2XBW">Pope Alexander VI</a>, occupied the Republic for six months until his father's successor, <a href="/facts/Pope_Julius_II/DNdsWPXC">Pope Julius II</a>, intervened and restored the country's independence.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a>
On 4 June 1543, Fabiano di Monte San Savino, nephew of the later <a href="/facts/Pope_Julius_III/GUgtbLsD">Pope Julius III</a>, attempted to conquer the republic, but his infantry and cavalry failed as they got lost in a dense fog, which the Sammarinesi attributed to <a href="/facts/Quirinus_of_Sescia/RlhlM0ga">Saint Quirinus</a>, whose feast day it was.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a>
After the <a href="/facts/Duchy_of_Urbino/eELdqMHG">Duchy of Urbino</a> was annexed by the <a href="/facts/Papal_States/536PqTjo">Papal States</a> in 1625, San Marino became surrounded by the papal states. This led to its seeking the formal protection of the Papal States in 1631, but this never amounted to a de facto Papal control of the republic.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a>
The country was occupied on 17 October 1739 by the legate (Papal governor) of <a href="/facts/Ravenna/qTQGdKhn">Ravenna</a>, Cardinal <a href="/facts/Giulio_Alberoni/9u70j8S2">Giulio Alberoni</a>, but independence was restored by <a href="/facts/Pope_Clement_XII/tB9r5SqR">Pope Clement XII</a> on 5 February 1740, the feast day of <a href="/facts/Agatha_of_Sicily/fhFEUzEg">Saint Agatha</a>, after which she became a patron saint of the republic.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a>
The advance of <a href="/facts/Napoleon/8TKBIjPM">Napoleon</a>'s army in 1797 presented a brief threat to the independence of San Marino, but the country was saved from losing its liberty by one of its regents, <a href="/facts/Antonio_Onofri/T4Vf4dvK">Antonio Onofri</a>, who managed to gain the respect and friendship of Napoleon. Due to Onofri's intervention, Napoleon promised, in a letter to <a href="/facts/Gaspard_Monge/JMvYFCFv">Gaspard Monge</a>, scientist and commissary of the French Government for Science and Art, to guarantee and protect the independence of the Republic, even offering to extend its territory according to its needs. The offer was declined by the regents, fearing future retaliation from other states' <a href="/facts/Revanchism/DBgnxxLA">revanchism</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a>

During the later phase of the <a href="/facts/Unification_of_Italy/B1x6mLbU">Italian unification</a> process in the 19th century, San Marino served as a refuge for many people persecuted because of their support for unification, including <a href="/facts/Giuseppe_Garibaldi/QmtD7sKy">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a> and his wife <a href="/facts/Anita_Garibaldi/RRvhfjNC">Anita</a>. Garibaldi allowed San Marino to remain independent. San Marino and the <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Italy/X5hxYBvF">Kingdom of Italy</a> signed a Convention of Friendship in 1862.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a>
The government of San Marino made United States President <a href="/facts/Abraham_Lincoln/F8VqYAsA">Abraham Lincoln</a> an honorary citizen. He wrote in reply, saying that the republic proved that "government founded on republican principles is capable of being so administered as to be secure and enduring".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a>

<h3>20th century onwards</h3>
During <a href="/facts/World_War_I/vITTUanQ">World War I</a>, when Italy declared war on <a href="/facts/Austria-Hungary/9WPUPj0W">Austria-Hungary</a> on 24 May 1915, San Marino remained neutral and Italy adopted a hostile view of Sammarinese neutrality, suspecting that San Marino could harbour Austrian spies who could be given access to its new radiotelegraph station. Italy tried to forcibly establish a detachment of <a href="/facts/Carabinieri/Y4fxk5cw">Carabinieri</a> in the republic and then cut the republic's telephone lines when it did not acquiesce. Two groups of ten volunteers joined the Italian forces in the fighting on the <a href="/facts/Italian_front_(World_War_I)/EduvVolR">Italian front</a>, the first as combatants and the second as a medical corps operating a Red Cross field hospital. The existence of this hospital later caused Austria-Hungary to suspend diplomatic relations with San Marino.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a>
After the war, San Marino suffered from high rates of unemployment and inflation, leading to increased tension between the lower and middle classes. The latter, fearing that the moderate government of San Marino would make concessions to the lower class majority, began to show support for the <a href="/facts/Sammarinese_Fascist_Party/RTSswVS6">Sammarinese Fascist Party</a> (Partito Fascista Sammarinese, PFS), founded in 1922 and styled largely on their <a href="/facts/National_Fascist_Party/XPehTujF">Italian counterpart</a>. PFS rule lasted from 1923 to 1943, and during this time they often sought support from <a href="/facts/Benito_Mussolini/q8UPaBlm">Benito Mussolini</a>'s fascist government in Italy.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a> During <a href="/facts/World_War_II/2efV5L1U">World War II</a>, San Marino remained neutral, although it was wrongly reported in an article in <a href="/facts/The_New_York_Times/T9marWVX">The New York Times</a> that it had declared war on the <a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2">United Kingdom</a> on 17 September 1940.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a> The Sammarinese government later transmitted a message to the British government stating that they had not actually declared war.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a>

On 28 July 1943, three days after the <a href="/facts/Fall_of_the_Fascist_regime_in_Italy/8UJ0JU2z">fall of the Fascist regime in Italy</a>, PFS rule collapsed and the new government declared neutrality in the conflict. The PFS regained power on 1 April 1944, but kept neutrality intact. On 26 June 1944, the <a href="/facts/Bombing_of_San_Marino/fBnn4WdH">bombing of San Marino</a> happened. The country was bombed by four waves of <a href="/facts/Allies_of_World_War_II/YzCdtjDY">Allied</a> bombers under the incorrect belief that San Marino had been occupied by German forces and was being used to amass stores and ammunition. The Sammarinese government declared on the same day that no military installations or equipment were located on its territory, and that no belligerent forces had been allowed to enter.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a> Nevertheless, smaller bombing raids continued until the 29th of August of that year, causing extensive damage to the city centre as well as the railway line connecting the country to nearby Rimini. San Marino accepted thousands of civilian refugees when Allied forces overran the <a href="/facts/Gothic_Line/xQ2UXlYW">Gothic Line</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31">31</a> In September 1944, it was briefly occupied by German forces, who were defeated by the Allies in the <a href="/facts/Battle_of_San_Marino/CmNgzmml">Battle of San Marino</a>. Allied troops occupied San Marino for two months before departing.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32">32</a>
San Marino had the world's first democratically elected <a href="/facts/Communism/PkUwa9xK">communist</a> government – a coalition between the <a href="/facts/Sammarinese_Communist_Party/s4dQxPTR">Sammarinese Communist Party</a> and the <a href="/facts/Sammarinese_Socialist_Party/4FaCCcnE">Sammarinese Socialist Party</a>, which held office between 1945 and 1957.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33">33</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34">34</a> The coalition lost power through the <a href="/facts/Fatti_di_Rovereta/XEU3M9E3">fatti di Rovereta</a>. San Marino became a member of the <a href="/facts/Council_of_Europe/51I3TyDg">Council of Europe</a> in 1988 and of the <a href="/facts/United_Nations/fgXLnmgT">United Nations</a> in 1992. It is not a member of the <a href="/facts/European_Union/6GYcR8qM">European Union</a>, although it uses the <a href="/facts/Euro/NWG2nlCx">euro</a> as its currency (despite not legally being part of the <a href="/facts/Eurozone/rK14yHsz">Eurozone</a>). Before the introduction of the euro, the country's currency was the <a href="/facts/Sammarinese_lira/snoaLocb">Sammarinese lira</a>.

<h2 id="geography">Geography</h2>
Main article: <a href="/facts/Geography_of_San_Marino/d5kEycBN">Geography of San Marino</a>

San Marino is an <a href="/facts/Enclave_and_exclave/AFKB4LW6">enclave</a> surrounded by <a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF">Italy</a> in <a href="/facts/Southern_Europe/MlkLQsUc">Southern Europe</a>, almost entirely bordered by the <a href="/facts/Province_of_Rimini/9yvuQXyf">province of Rimini</a> in the <a href="/facts/Emilia_Romagna/T4ag5xaR">Emilia Romagna</a> <a href="/facts/Regions_of_Italy/0qEoCpKe">region</a>. Only a stretch of about three kilometres in the south is bordered by the <a href="/facts/Province_of_Pesaro_and_Urbino/3h3T1zcG">province of Pesaro and Urbino</a> in the <a href="/facts/Marche/LF2ngpIP">Marche</a> region. Located approximately ten kilometres (six miles) from the <a href="/facts/Adriatic_coast/v5I5Jl3f">Adriatic coast</a> near Rimini, San Marino features hilly terrain with little naturally flat ground, as part of the <a href="/facts/Apennine_Mountains/1rBnujaP">Apennine</a> mountain range. The highest point in the country, the summit of <a href="/facts/Monte_Titano/lm5LAuBe">Monte Titano</a>, reaches 749 m (2,457 ft) <a href="/facts/Above_mean_sea_level/Aqv1HLP2">above sea level</a>, while the lowest point, the <a href="/facts/Ausa_(river)/nJ9LfYlb">Ausa</a> River (which flows into the <a href="/facts/Marecchia/tf7Lflad">Marecchia</a>),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35">35</a> is at 55 m (180 ft). San Marino has no significant still or contained <a href="/facts/Body_of_water/MoDAUuW4">bodies of water</a>.
It is one of only three countries in the world to be completely surrounded by one other country. The other two are <a href="/facts/Vatican_City/JTKnEt6J">Vatican City</a>, also surrounded by Italy, and <a href="/facts/Lesotho/gYSatY8p">Lesotho</a>, surrounded by South Africa. It is the third smallest country in Europe, after Vatican City and <a href="/facts/Monaco/QjjEJwKy">Monaco</a>, and the fifth-smallest country in the world.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36">36</a>

The terrestrial ecoregion of <a href="/facts/Italian_sclerophyllous_and_semi-deciduous_forests/MtUJGTmh">Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests</a> lies within San Marino's territory.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37">37</a> The country had a 2019 <a href="/facts/Forest_Landscape_Integrity_Index/dkTedCSH">Forest Landscape Integrity Index</a> mean score of 0.01/10, ranking it last globally out of 172 countries.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38">38</a>
<h3>Climate</h3>
San Marino has a <a href="/facts/Humid_subtropical_climate/vr1kMhwS">humid subtropical climate</a> (<a href="/facts/K%25C3%25B6ppen_climate_classification/VDcr86hF">Köppen climate classification</a>: Cfa), with some continental influences. It has warm to hot summers and cool winters, typical of inland areas of the central <a href="/facts/Italian_Peninsula/Gv8FNjbQ">Italian Peninsula</a>. Precipitation is scattered throughout the year with no real dry month. Snowfalls are common and heavy almost every winter, especially above 400–500 m (1,300–1,600 feet) of elevation.

<table><tbody><tr><th colspan="14">Climate data for San Marino (2006–2023)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Month</th><th scope="col">Jan</th><th scope="col">Feb</th><th scope="col">Mar</th><th scope="col">Apr</th><th scope="col">May</th><th scope="col">Jun</th><th scope="col">Jul</th><th scope="col">Aug</th><th scope="col">Sep</th><th scope="col">Oct</th><th scope="col">Nov</th><th scope="col">Dec</th><th scope="col">Year</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Record high °C (°F)</th><td>18.9(66.0)</td><td>17.6(63.7)</td><td>21.0(69.8)</td><td>24.5(76.1)</td><td>31.9(89.4)</td><td>35.5(95.9)</td><td>35.1(95.2)</td><td>36.1(97.0)</td><td>30.5(86.9)</td><td>24.9(76.8)</td><td>20.4(68.7)</td><td>19.2(66.6)</td><td>36.1(97.0)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Mean daily maximum °C (°F)</th><td>6.4(43.5)</td><td>7.0(44.6)</td><td>10.2(50.4)</td><td>15.0(59.0)</td><td>19.6(67.3)</td><td>25.0(77.0)</td><td>27.4(81.3)</td><td>26.1(79.0)</td><td>20.6(69.1)</td><td>15.6(60.1)</td><td>10.8(51.4)</td><td>7.4(45.3)</td><td>15.9(60.7)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Daily mean °C (°F)</th><td>4.2(39.6)</td><td>4.7(40.5)</td><td>7.3(45.1)</td><td>11.6(52.9)</td><td>15.7(60.3)</td><td>20.8(69.4)</td><td>23.5(74.3)</td><td>22.5(72.5)</td><td>17.5(63.5)</td><td>13.0(55.4)</td><td>8.6(47.5)</td><td>5.2(41.4)</td><td>12.9(55.2)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Mean daily minimum °C (°F)</th><td>2.1(35.8)</td><td>2.5(36.5)</td><td>4.8(40.6)</td><td>8.5(47.3)</td><td>12.4(54.3)</td><td>17.3(63.1)</td><td>19.7(67.5)</td><td>19.2(66.6)</td><td>14.9(58.8)</td><td>10.9(51.6)</td><td>6.7(44.1)</td><td>3.2(37.8)</td><td>10.2(50.3)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Record low °C (°F)</th><td>−6.5(20.3)</td><td>−10.2(13.6)</td><td>−5.9(21.4)</td><td>−2.3(27.9)</td><td>1.3(34.3)</td><td>8.8(47.8)</td><td>10.0(50.0)</td><td>10.8(51.4)</td><td>5.8(42.4)</td><td>0.9(33.6)</td><td>−2.8(27.0)</td><td>−7.5(18.5)</td><td>−10.2(13.6)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Average <a href="/facts/Precipitation/uq3nGQc8">precipitation</a> mm (inches)</th><td>50.2(1.98)</td><td>63.9(2.52)</td><td>64.5(2.54)</td><td>59.4(2.34)</td><td>70.3(2.77)</td><td>54.3(2.14)</td><td>40.4(1.59)</td><td>40.7(1.60)</td><td>75.3(2.96)</td><td>70.2(2.76)</td><td>99.0(3.90)</td><td>61.4(2.42)</td><td>749.5(29.51)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)</th><td>7.2</td><td>8.4</td><td>8.3</td><td>7.9</td><td>8.6</td><td>4.8</td><td>4.3</td><td>4.5</td><td>6.8</td><td>7.1</td><td>10.2</td><td>8.3</td><td>86.3</td></tr><tr><td colspan="14">Source: Arpae Emilia-Romagna<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39">39</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

<h2 id="government">Government</h2>
Main article: <a href="/facts/Politics_of_San_Marino/64U4R21z">Politics of San Marino</a>
See also: <a href="/facts/Foreign_relations_of_San_Marino/upLTbpGL">Foreign relations of San Marino</a>, <a href="/facts/Constitution_of_San_Marino/a9pxkUhj">Constitution of San Marino</a>, <a href="/facts/Capital_punishment_in_San_Marino/tv6nu9Ku">Capital punishment in San Marino</a>, <a href="/facts/San_Marino_passport/eX11PIjN">San Marino passport</a>, <a href="/facts/Law_enforcement_in_San_Marino/TbNvfmP6">Law enforcement in San Marino</a>, and <a href="/facts/Elections_in_San_Marino/ggvIhQvG">Elections in San Marino</a>

San Marino has the political framework of a <a href="/facts/Parliamentary_system/HAsnSsRz">parliamentary</a> <a href="/facts/Representative_democratic/svAbpym5">representative democratic</a> <a href="/facts/Republic/vc8D2pA8">republic</a>: the <a href="/facts/Captains_regent/C0jAWdJ5">captains regent</a> are <a href="/facts/Heads_of_state/nEb7fv40">heads of state</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40">40</a> and there is a <a href="/facts/Diversity_(politics)/ebkbDJDd">pluriform</a> <a href="/facts/Multi-party_system/QaTh5oox">multi-party system</a>. <a href="/facts/Executive_power/fPCCh3VU">Executive power</a> is exercised by the government. Although there is no formal head of government, the secretary for foreign and political affairs is in many ways equal to the prime minister in other countries.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41">41</a> <a href="/facts/Legislative_power/ycUCe91S">Legislative power</a> is vested in both the government and the <a href="/facts/Grand_and_General_Council/DEs8NwhJ">Grand and General Council</a>. The <a href="/facts/Judiciary_of_San_Marino/8aL92YFQ">judiciary</a> is independent of the executive and the legislature.
San Marino is considered to have the earliest written governing documents still in effect, as the Statutes of 1600 are still at the core of its constitutional framework.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42">42</a>
San Marino was originally led by the <a href="/facts/Arengo/HLRELeWn">Arengo</a>, initially formed from the heads of each family. In the 13th century, power was given to the Grand and General Council. In 1243, the first two captains regent were nominated by the council. Still today, Captains Regent are elected every six months by the council.
The legislature of the republic is the Grand and General Council (Consiglio grande e generale). The council is a unicameral legislature with 60 members. There are elections every five years by proportional representation in all nine administrative districts. These districts (townships) correspond to the old <a href="/facts/Parish/6zgv12pD">parishes</a> of the republic. All <a href="/facts/Citizen/eB9UXLSP">citizens</a> 18 years or older are eligible to vote.
Besides general legislation, the Grand and General Council approves the budget and elects the captains regent, the State Congress (composed of ten secretaries with executive power), the Council of Twelve (which forms the <a href="/facts/Judicial_branch/CvMkSB6T">judicial branch</a> during the period of legislature of the council), the Advising Commissions, and the Government Unions. The council also has the power to ratify treaties with other countries. The council is divided into five different Advising Commissions consisting of fifteen councilors who examine, propose, and discuss the implementation of new laws that are on their way to being presented on the floor of the council.
Every six months, the council elects two captains regent to be the heads of state. The captains are chosen from opposing parties so that there is a balance of power. They serve a six-month term. The investiture of the captains regent takes place on 1 April and 1 October in every year. Once this term is over, citizens have three days in which to file complaints about the captains' activities. If they warrant it, judicial proceedings against the ex-head(s) of state can be initiated.
The practice of having two heads of state chosen in frequent elections is derived directly from the customs of the <a href="/facts/Roman_Republic/Han0FRLT">Roman Republic</a>. The council is equivalent to the <a href="/facts/Roman_Senate/NXK83zU9">Roman Senate</a>; the captains regent, to the <a href="/facts/Roman_consul/7Yh7yLJp">consuls</a> of ancient <a href="/facts/Rome/bh1Ttx3T">Rome</a>. It is thought the inhabitants of the area came together as Roman rule collapsed to form a rudimentary government for their own protection from foreign rule.
San Marino is a multi-party democratic republic. A new election law in 2008 raised the threshold for small parties entering Parliament, causing political parties to organise themselves into two alliances: the right-wing <a href="/facts/Pact_for_San_Marino/NS4HTsxS">Pact for San Marino</a>, led by the <a href="/facts/Sammarinese_Christian_Democratic_Party/husLNb1p">Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party</a>; and the left-wing <a href="/facts/Reforms_and_Freedom/JrxY4IHd">Reforms and Freedom</a>, led by the <a href="/facts/Party_of_Socialists_and_Democrats/DHMgwbCU">Party of Socialists and Democrats</a>, a merger of the <a href="/facts/Socialist_Party_of_San_Marino/4FaCCcnE">Socialist Party of San Marino</a> and the former communist <a href="/facts/Party_of_Democrats/wrvJqg0J">Party of Democrats</a>. The <a href="/facts/Sammarinese_general_election%2c_2008/AJuCsp8v">2008 general election</a> was won by the Pact for San Marino with 35 seats in the Grand and General Council against the Reforms and Freedom party's 25.
On 1 October 2007, <a href="/facts/Mirko_Tomassoni/aRv1NLpV">Mirko Tomassoni</a> was elected as captain regent, making him the first disabled person elected to that office.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43">43</a>
San Marino has had more <a href="/facts/List_of_elected_or_appointed_female_heads_of_state/nevPyjQ5">female heads of state</a> than any other country: 15 as of October 2014, including three who served twice.
On 1 April 2022, 58-year-old <a href="/facts/Paolo_Rondelli/nBYyQpeS">Paolo Rondelli</a> was elected as one of the two captains regent. He had previously been the Ambassador to the United States and is the world's first openly gay head of state.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44">44</a>

<h3>Administrative divisions</h3>
Main articles: <a href="/facts/Castelli_of_San_Marino/Aj8bV60X">Castelli of San Marino</a> and <a href="/facts/List_of_curazie_in_San_Marino/moQYUgNe">List of curazie in San Marino</a>

San Marino is geographically divided into nine <a href="/facts/Castelli_of_San_Marino/Aj8bV60X">castelli</a> (lit. 'castles', equivalent to a <a href="/facts/Municipality/S0bUz6jW">municipality</a>),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45">45</a> each of which contains a capital (capoluogo), with other population centres sorted into <a href="/facts/Curazia/pcWQKjGS">curazie</a> (equivalent to Italian <a href="/facts/Frazione/pcWQKjGS">frazioni</a>). Each castello is led by a Castle Captain (<a href="/facts/Italian_language/YXsmvlQG">Italian</a>: Capitano di Castello) and a Castle Council (Giunta di Castello), elected every five years.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46">46</a>
The nine castelli are the <a href="/facts/City_of_San_Marino/NQk1uljK">City of San Marino</a>, which is San Marino's capital city, <a href="/facts/Acquaviva_(San_Marino)/cH28fabK">Acquaviva</a>, <a href="/facts/Borgo_Maggiore/UrIrS7bn">Borgo Maggiore</a>, <a href="/facts/Chiesanuova/8vRtKVeu">Chiesanuova</a>, <a href="/facts/Domagnano/hEzuTFNt">Domagnano</a>, <a href="/facts/Faetano/sUw39Ic0">Faetano</a>, <a href="/facts/Fiorentino/wJ9ctwMq">Fiorentino</a>, <a href="/facts/Montegiardino/gA7haGTf">Montegiardino</a>, and <a href="/facts/Serravalle_(San_Marino)/0yTfX2ch">Serravalle</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47">47</a>
San Marino's 44 curazie are <a href="/facts/C%25C3%25A0_Berlone/L3s0HT81">Cà Berlone</a>, <a href="/facts/C%25C3%25A0_Chiavello/96Re22Yb">Cà Chiavello</a>, <a href="/facts/C%25C3%25A0_Giannino/hCT3fKXy">Cà Giannino</a>, <a href="/facts/C%25C3%25A0_Melone/TPISj5xL">Cà Melone</a>, <a href="/facts/C%25C3%25A0_Ragni/rtu21IzK">Cà Ragni</a>, <a href="/facts/C%25C3%25A0_Rigo/CCy4soLh">Cà Rigo</a>, <a href="/facts/Cailungo/vRJhxAnX">Cailungo</a> (di Sopra and di Sotto), <a href="/facts/Caladino/D2kuFabM">Caladino</a>, <a href="/facts/Calligaria/0Sn3XfgV">Calligaria</a>, <a href="/facts/Canepa%2c_San_Marino/C3vArEIG">Canepa</a>, <a href="/facts/Capanne%2c_San_Marino/LFKx2sCC">Capanne</a>, <a href="/facts/Casole/bc44xR0s">Casole</a>, <a href="/facts/Castellaro%2c_San_Marino/l75Cy8Vn">Castellaro</a>, <a href="/facts/Cerbaiola/Lly1LpvC">Cerbaiola</a>, <a href="/facts/Cinque_Vie/A2tGyKC8">Cinque Vie</a>, <a href="/facts/Confine/AvQv4pyR">Confine</a>, <a href="/facts/Corianino/bsq1zgkB">Corianino</a>, <a href="/facts/Crociale/1MyXaxKo">Crociale</a>, <a href="/facts/Dogana/20P42faU">Dogana</a>, <a href="/facts/Falciano/7ym8D80a">Falciano</a>, <a href="/facts/Fiorina_(San_Marino)/We5JdNEt">Fiorina</a>, <a href="/facts/Galavotto/E1xHAaNl">Galavotto</a>, <a href="/facts/Gualdicciolo/uCMKyXyh">Gualdicciolo</a>, <a href="/facts/La_Serra/nlqx6jvH">La Serra</a>, <a href="/facts/Lesignano/4lW2fn8D">Lesignano</a>, <a href="/facts/Molarini/9T6z55K6">Molarini</a>, <a href="/facts/Montalbo%2c_San_Marino/68kcMSG0">Montalbo</a>, <a href="/facts/Monte_Pulito/z06Bax0F">Monte Pulito</a>, <a href="/facts/Murata_(San_Marino)/LkATDvrs">Murata</a>, <a href="/facts/Pianacci/IHszJ8bz">Pianacci</a>, <a href="/facts/Piandivello/PVzT9JDI">Piandivello</a>, <a href="/facts/Poggio_Casalino/tzH6SEFI">Poggio Casalino</a>, <a href="/facts/Poggio_Chiesanuova/MfHAmY1Y">Poggio Chiesanuova</a>, <a href="/facts/Ponte_Mellini/wMf0JUVp">Ponte Mellini</a>, <a href="/facts/Rovereta/rwm5zLn1">Rovereta</a>, <a href="/facts/San_Giovanni_sotto_le_Penne/pPK9zxl1">San Giovanni sotto le Penne</a>, <a href="/facts/Santa_Mustiola/rgM7hQ3F">Santa Mustiola</a>, <a href="/facts/Spaccio_Giannoni/qFczXUlh">Spaccio Giannoni</a>, <a href="/facts/Teglio%2c_San_Marino/rt4kUQMR">Teglio</a>, <a href="/facts/Torraccia/dSCICbTR">Torraccia</a>, <a href="/facts/Valdragone/Mm0TNmlI">Valdragone</a> (di Sopra and di Sotto), <a href="/facts/Valgiurata/D32bfnYY">Valgiurata</a>, and <a href="/facts/Ventoso/DzETxPxn">Ventoso</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48">48</a>

<h3>Military</h3>
Main article: <a href="/facts/Sammarinese_Armed_Forces/wWhTYGV5">Sammarinese Armed Forces</a>
San Marino's military forces are among the smallest in the world. National defence is, by arrangement, the responsibility of <a href="/facts/Military_of_Italy/7uRFhnWL">Italy's armed forces</a>. Different branches have varied functions, including performing ceremonial duties, patrolling borders, mounting guard at government buildings, and assisting police in major criminal cases. The <a href="/facts/Civil_Police_(San_Marino)/5F55Ef68">police</a> are not included in the military of San Marino.

<h4>Crossbow Corps</h4>
Once at the heart of San Marino's army, the Crossbow Corps is now a ceremonial force of approximately 80 volunteers. Since 1295, the Crossbow Corps has provided demonstrations of <a href="/facts/Crossbow/wu8ERwtL">crossbow</a> shooting at festivals. Its uniform design is medieval. While still a statutory military unit, the Crossbow Corps has no military function today.

<h4>Guard of the Rock</h4>

The <a href="/facts/Sammarinese_Armed_Forces/wWhTYGV5">Guard of the Rock</a> is a front-line military unit in the San Marino armed forces, a state border patrol, with responsibility for patrolling borders and defending them.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49">49</a> In their role as Fortress Guards they are responsible for guarding the Palazzo Pubblico in <a href="/facts/San_Marino%2c_San_Marino/NQk1uljK">San Marino City</a>, the seat of national government.
In this role they are the forces most visible to tourists and are known for their colourful ceremony of <a href="/facts/Changing_the_Guard/fXR4HXAI">Changing the Guard</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50">50</a> Under the 1987 statute the Guard of the Rock are all enrolled as "Criminal Police Officers" (in addition to their military role) and assist the police in investigating major crime. The uniform of the Guard of the Rock is a distinctive red and green.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51">51</a>

<h4>Guard of the Grand and General Council</h4>
The Guard of the Grand and General Council commonly known as The Guard of the council or locally as the "Guard of Nobles", formed in 1741,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52">52</a> is a volunteer unit with ceremonial duties. Due to its striking blue, white, and gold uniform, it is perhaps the best-known part of the Sammarinese military, and appears on countless postcard views of the republic. The functions of the Guard of the council are to protect the <a href="/facts/Captains_regent/C0jAWdJ5">captains regent</a>, and to defend the Grand and General Council during its formal sessions. They also act as ceremonial bodyguards to government officials at both state and church festivals.

<h4>Company of Uniformed Militia</h4>
In former times, all families with two or more adult male members were required to enroll half of them in the Company of Uniformed Militia. This unit remains the basic fighting force of the armed forces of San Marino, but is largely ceremonial. It is a matter of civic pride for many Sammarinese to belong to the force, and all citizens with at least six years' residence in the republic are entitled to enroll.
The uniform is dark blue, with a <a href="/facts/Kepi/RXmWslz6">kepi</a> bearing a blue and white plume. The ceremonial form of the uniform includes a white cross-strap, and white and blue sash, white epaulets, and white decorated cuffs.

<h4>Military Ensemble</h4>
Formally this is part of the Army Militia,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53">53</a> and is the ceremonial military band of San Marino. It consists of approximately 60 musicians.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54">54</a> The uniform is similar to that of the Army Militia. Military Ensemble music accompanies most state occasions in the republic.

<h4>Gendarmerie</h4>
Established in 1842, the <a href="/facts/Corps_of_Gendarmerie_of_San_Marino/wWhTYGV5">Gendarmerie of San Marino</a> is a militarised law enforcement agency.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55">55</a> Its members are full-time and have responsibility for the protection of citizens and property, and the preservation of law and order.
The entire military corps of San Marino depends upon the co-operation of full-time forces and their retained (volunteer) colleagues, known as the Corpi Militari Volontari, or Voluntary Military Force.

<h3>LGBTQ+ rights</h3>
These paragraphs are an excerpt from <a href="/facts/LGBTQ_rights_in_San_Marino/Cq1ABM3U">LGBTQ rights in San Marino</a>.[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_San_Marino&action=edit">edit</a>]
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in San Marino may face legal challenges not experienced by non-<a href="/facts/LGBTQ/WhVPgNDn">LGBTQ</a> residents. Both male and female same-sex sexual activity are legal in San Marino, but households headed by same-sex couples are not eligible for the same legal protections available to opposite-sex couples.

Discrimination on account of <a href="/facts/Sexual_orientation/Rcx5r9UB">sexual orientation</a> is banned under the 2019 amendments to the <a href="/facts/Constitution_of_San_Marino/a9pxkUhj">Constitution of San Marino</a>. In November 2018, the <a href="/facts/Grand_and_General_Council/DEs8NwhJ">Grand and General Council</a> approved a bill to legalise <a href="/facts/Civil_union/GCmEqweh">civil unions</a>. The law, which took effect on 5 December 2018 and became fully operational on 11 February 2019, following a number of further legal and administrative changes, allows same-sex and opposite-sex couples to enter into a union and receive some of the rights and benefits of marriage.
<h2 id="economy">Economy</h2>
Main articles: <a href="/facts/Economy_of_San_Marino/8n9mEz4e">Economy of San Marino</a>, <a href="/facts/Sammarinese_euro_coins/MjLYzN9U">Sammarinese euro coins</a>, <a href="/facts/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_San_Marino/C0bUvNbs">Postage stamps and postal history of San Marino</a>, and <a href="/facts/List_of_banks_in_San_Marino/8Ym0Gyg5">List of banks in San Marino</a>

San Marino is a <a href="/facts/Developed_country/sqwTSDHm">developed country</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56">56</a> and although it is not a <a href="/facts/European_Union/6GYcR8qM">European Union</a> member it is allowed to use the <a href="/facts/Euro/NWG2nlCx">euro</a> as its currency by arrangement with the <a href="/facts/Council_of_the_European_Union/xlE6rYKb">Council of the European Union</a>; it is also granted the right to use its own designs on the national side of the <a href="/facts/Euro_coins/fKnhVfCC">euro coins</a>. Before the euro, the <a href="/facts/Sammarinese_lira/snoaLocb">Sammarinese lira</a> was pegged to, and exchangeable with, the <a href="/facts/Italian_lira/zC9SSdnf">Italian lira</a>. The small number of <a href="/facts/Sammarinese_euro_coins/MjLYzN9U">Sammarinese euro coins</a>, as was the case with the lira before it, are primarily of interest to <a href="/facts/Coin_collecting/yf0nMnln">coin collectors</a>.
San Marino's GDP per capita and <a href="/facts/Standard_of_living/oKRuG57a">standard of living</a> are comparable to that of Italy. Key industries include <a href="/facts/Bank/XDA9aGge">banking</a>, <a href="/facts/Electronics/E4JhgISq">electronics</a>, and <a href="/facts/Ceramic/9JKudpqX">ceramics</a>. The main <a href="/facts/Agriculture/TGztqzJs">agricultural</a> products are wine and cheese. San Marino imports mainly staple goods from Italy.
San Marino's <a href="/facts/Postage_stamp/T8gb7wCP">postage stamps</a>, which are valid for mail posted in the country, are mostly sold to <a href="/facts/Philately/uY2Fmv60">philatelists</a> and are a significant source of income.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57">57</a> San Marino is no longer a member of the <a href="/facts/Small_European_Postal_Administration_Cooperation/rdrRwX0p">Small European Postal Administration Cooperation</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58">58</a>
It has the world's third highest rate of car ownership, being one <a href="/facts/List_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita/fKMwsN91">of only a handful of countries with more vehicles than people</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59">59</a> As of October 3rd 2023, <a href="/facts/Gibraltar/ja2yukgq">Gibraltar</a> had the highest rate of car ownership per capita, and <a href="/facts/Guernsey/CwEjEkm2">Guernsey</a> was in the number two spot.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60">60</a>

<h3>Taxation</h3>
San Marino offers a competitive tax environment designed to attract investment and support economic development. The standard corporate income tax (Imposta Generale sui Redditi, IGR) rate is 17%. However, new businesses benefit from a reduced rate of 8.5% for the first five years of operation, provided they meet specific employment criteria, such as hiring at least one employee within six months and a second within 24 months of starting operations.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61">61</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62">62</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63">63</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64">64</a>
Innovative startups participating in San Marino's innovation programmes are eligible for further tax incentives:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65">65</a>

<ul><li>0% corporate tax for the first three years.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66">66</a></li>
<li>4% for the subsequent four years.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67">67</a></li>
<li>8% for the following five years.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68">68</a></li></ul>
<h4>Income tax</h4>
San Marino employs a progressive personal income tax system, with rates ranging from 9% to 35%:

<ul><li>9% for income up to €10,000.</li>
<li>13% for income between €10,001 and €25,000.</li>
<li>35% for income above €25,000.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69">69</a></li></ul>
The personal income tax was introduced in 1984 and underwent significant reforms in 2013 to enhance fiscal revenue. San Marino imposes withholding taxes on various forms of income:

<ul><li>5% on dividends paid to individuals.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70">70</a></li>
<li>13% on interest payments.</li>
<li>20% on royalties paid to non-residents.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71">71</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72">72</a></li></ul>
<h4>Import tax</h4>
San Marino does not implement a traditional value-added tax (VAT) system. Instead, it applies a single-stage import tax known as "imposta monofase," levied at a standard rate of 17% on the importation cost of goods. This tax is applied only once at the point of importation and does not extend to services. Under the customs union agreement with the European Union, this import tax is considered equivalent to the EU's VAT system.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73">73</a>

<h4>Tax incentives</h4>
To encourage investment, San Marino offers several tax incentives:

<ul><li>Dividends received by non-resident companies are 95% exempt from taxation, provided the participation has been held continuously for at least twelve months.</li>
<li>Investments in capital goods or real estate can lead to a reduction in taxable income by up to 90%.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74">74</a></li></ul>

Because San Marino's tax rate is lower than surrounding <a href="/facts/Taxation_in_Italy/Kspp2aEA">Italy</a>'s, many businesses choose to be based in San Marino to avoid the higher rates. San Marino boasts a corporate rate 14.5% lower than Italy (23%) and 12.5% lower than the EU average (21.3%). This has made San Marino the <a href="/facts/Tax_haven/sBJngUjB">tax haven</a> of choice for many wealthy Italians and businesses.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75">75</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76">76</a>

<h3>Tourism</h3>
Main article: <a href="/facts/Tourism_in_San_Marino/S7Qxbnbj">Tourism in San Marino</a>
The <a href="/facts/Tourism/x47vNhHj">tourism</a> sector contributes over 22% of San Marino's <a href="/facts/Gross_domestic_product/zQRgyFKc">GDP</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77">77</a> with approximately 2 million tourists having visited in 2014.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78">78</a> On average tourists spend about 2 nights in the republic<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79">79</a> making on average a tourist present per 3 residents at any given time.

<h3>Conventions with Italy</h3>
San Marino and Italy have engaged in conventions since 1862,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80">80</a> dictating some economic activities in San Marino's territory.
Cultivation of tobacco and production of goods which are subject to Italy's <a href="/facts/Government_monopoly/d2qAMkgp">government monopoly</a> are forbidden in San Marino. Direct import is forbidden; all goods coming from a third party have to travel through Italy before reaching the country. Although it is allowed to print its own postal stamps, San Marino is not allowed to coin its own currency and is obliged to use <a href="/facts/Istituto_Poligrafico_e_Zecca_dello_Stato/27nz23dc">Italy's mint</a>; the agreement does not affect the right of the Republic of San Marino to continue to issue gold coins denominated in <a href="/facts/Italian_scudo/aNjh7Bwt">Scudi</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81">81</a> (the legal value of 1 gold Scudo is 37.50 euros). Gambling is legal and regulated; however, casinos were outlawed prior to 2007. There is one legally operating casino.
In exchange for these limitations, Italy provides San Marino with an annual stipend, provided at cost, of sea salt (not more than 250 tonnes per year), tobacco (40 tonnes), cigarettes (20 tonnes) and matches (unlimited amount).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82">82</a>
At the border there are no formalities with Italy. However, at the tourist office visitors can purchase officially cancelled souvenir stamps for their <a href="/facts/Passport/jr95DKxC">passports</a>.

<h2 id="population">Population</h2>
<h3>Demographics</h3>
Main article: <a href="/facts/Demographics_of_San_Marino/p0kPIQEw">Demographics of San Marino</a>
As of September 2023, San Marino is estimated to number 33,896 residents. Of these, 28,226 have Sammarinese citizenship, while 4,881 have Italian citizenship, with 789 citizens of other countries.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83">83</a> Another 13,000 Sammarinese live abroad (6,600 in Italy, 3,000 in the US, 2,000 in France and Argentina).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:84" href="#fn:84">84</a>
The first census since 1976 was conducted in 2010. Results were expected by the end of 2011; however, 13% of families did not return their forms.
The official language of San Marino is <a href="/facts/Italian_language/YXsmvlQG">Italian</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:85" href="#fn:85">85</a> The Sammarinese dialect of <a href="/facts/Romagnol_language/JQwzT7rA">Romagnol</a> is also spoken, mainly by the elderly. It is considered an <a href="/facts/Endangered_language/qcw97ryL">endangered language</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:86" href="#fn:86">86</a>

<h3>Notable people</h3>

<ul><li><a href="/facts/Giovanni_Battista_Belluzzi/sRKP8yrD">Giovanni Battista Belluzzi</a> (1506 in San Marino – 1554), architect</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Francesco_Maria_Marini/QGBBqEtv">Francesco Maria Marini</a> (fl. 1637), composer of early <a href="/facts/Baroque_music/UgrJnyTq">Baroque music</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Francesco_de%2527_Marini/m9TApccs">Francesco de' Marini</a> (1630 in Genova – 1700), <a href="/facts/Catholic_Church/rJ4F4gqH">Catholic</a> archbishop</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Antonio_Onofri/T4Vf4dvK">Antonio Onofri</a> (1759–1825), statesman, "Father of his Country".</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Little_Tony_(singer)/dPWmwCzS">Little Tony</a> (1941 in Tivoli – 2013), pop and rock musician</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Luciano_Maiani/3hgcWyvK">Luciano Maiani</a> (born 1941 in Rome), physicist and Director-General of CERN.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Pasquale_Valentini/2Ek6tJDT">Pasquale Valentini</a> (born 1953 in San Marino), politician who has held multiple ministerial posts</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Massimo_Bonini/nz34FgsA">Massimo Bonini</a> (born 1959 in San Marino), football player who played for <a href="/facts/Juventus_FC/HJJlKv8J">Juventus</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Marco_Macina/sKBKaCVJ">Marco Macina</a> (born 1964 in San Marino), footballer who played for <a href="/facts/Bologna_F.C._1909/K9Fkt6AP">Bologna FC</a>, <a href="/facts/Parma_Calcio_1913/jftNDDbQ">Parma</a>, <a href="/facts/A.C._Reggiana_1919/VRUcKNLk">Reggiana</a>, and <a href="/facts/A.C._Milan/yDRPqvJI">AC Milan</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Valentina_Monetta/csBQxLQt">Valentina Monetta</a> (born 1975 in San Marino), singer who represented San Marino four times in the <a href="/facts/Eurovision_Song_Contest/YRB3pRju">Eurovision Song Contest</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Manuel_Poggiali/KDNf0y9L">Manuel Poggiali</a> (born 1983 in San Marino), Grand Prix motorcycle road racing World Champion</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Alex_de_Angelis/bxwH8NbT">Alex de Angelis</a> (born 1984 in <a href="/facts/Rimini/8YNLoM9m">Rimini</a>), Grand Prix motorcycle road racer</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Alessandra_Perilli/KI89WlPW">Alessandra Perilli</a> (born 1988 in Rimini), shooting Olympic silver and bronze medalist and first San Marino citizen to win a medal (<a href="/facts/2020_Summer_Olympics/gDEUDyJh">Tokyo 2020</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Gian_Marco_Berti/YoqIGMUH">Gian Marco Berti</a> (born 1982 in San Marino), shooting Olympic silver medalist and second San Marino citizen to win a medal (Tokyo 2020)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Myles_Amine/kpg0gonw">Myles Nazem Amine</a> (born 1996 in <a href="/facts/Dearborn%2c_Michigan/Wlcb1WDI">Dearborn</a>, Michigan), 2020 86 kg wrestling Olympic bronze medalist and third San Marino citizen to win a medal (Tokyo 2020)</li></ul>
<h3>Religion</h3>
Main article: <a href="/facts/Religion_in_San_Marino/Rpuuhjpn">Religion in San Marino</a>

San Marino is a predominantly <a href="/facts/Catholic_Church/rJ4F4gqH">Catholic</a> state,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:87" href="#fn:87">87</a> though Catholicism is not an <a href="/facts/Established_religion/K7E28FLL">established religion</a>. 97.2% of the population professed the Catholic faith in 2011, and approximately half of those regularly attend church. There is no <a href="/facts/Episcopal_see/8QWylVcN">episcopal see</a> in San Marino, although its name is part of the present diocesan title. Historically, the various parishes in San Marino were divided between two Italian <a href="/facts/Diocese/Uts2PByI">dioceses</a>, mostly in the <a href="/facts/Diocese_of_Montefeltro/fEaUn1vD">Diocese of Montefeltro</a>, and partly in the <a href="/facts/Diocese_of_Rimini/tFcrmzhF">Diocese of Rimini</a>. In 1977, the border between <a href="/facts/Montefeltro/8VrKpMcG">Montefeltro</a> and <a href="/facts/Rimini/8YNLoM9m">Rimini</a> was readjusted so that all of San Marino fell within the diocese of Montefeltro. The <a href="/facts/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_San_Marino-Montefeltro/fEaUn1vD">bishop of Montefeltro-San Marino</a> resides in <a href="/facts/Pennabilli/NwSSdBWv">Pennabilli</a>, in Italy's province of <a href="/facts/Province_of_Pesaro_and_Urbino/3h3T1zcG">Pesaro e Urbino</a>. The country's high Catholic majority can mainly be traced back to the country's founding, when <a href="/facts/Saint_Marinus/AY3743Nv">Saint Marinus</a> set up the first fortress to protect Christians from Roman persecution.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:88" href="#fn:88">88</a> The small state's culture has primarily remained Catholic ever since.
There is a provision under the income tax rules that taxpayers have the right to request the allocation of 0.3% of their income tax to the Catholic Church or to charities.
The <a href="/facts/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_San_Marino-Montefeltro/fEaUn1vD">Diocese of San Marino-Montefeltro</a> was until 1977 the historic diocese of Montefeltro. It is a <a href="/facts/Suffragan_diocese/F78SbNW2">suffragan</a> of the <a href="/facts/Metropolis_(religious_jurisdiction)/Qk7F7QyN">metropolitan</a> <a href="/facts/Archdiocese_of_Ravenna-Cervia/7B7xA9Ik">Archdiocese of Ravenna-Cervia</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:89" href="#fn:89">89</a> The diocese includes all the <a href="/facts/Parish/6zgv12pD">parishes</a> of San Marino. The earliest mention of <a href="/facts/Montefeltro/8VrKpMcG">Montefeltro</a>, as Mona Feretri, is in the diplomas by which <a href="/facts/Charlemagne/o0PlxScC">Charlemagne</a> confirmed the <a href="/facts/Donation_of_Pepin/e4PhofNb">donation of Pepin</a>. The first known bishop of Montefeltro was Agatho (826), whose residence was at <a href="/facts/San_Leo/fV0HTplC">San Leo</a>. Under Bishop Flaminios Dondi (1724) the see was again transferred to San Leo, but later it returned to Pennabilli. The historic diocese was a suffragan of the <a href="/facts/Archdiocese_of_Urbino/fjFfdFtg">archdiocese of Urbino</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:90" href="#fn:90">90</a> Since 1988, there is formally an <a href="/facts/Apostolic_nunciature/0do7dI3N">apostolic nunciature</a> to the republic, but it is vested in the nuncio to Italy.
Other faiths include the <a href="/facts/Waldensians/M0ySjd4l">Waldensian Church</a> and <a href="/facts/Jehovah%2527s_Witnesses/MCSKHs8S">Jehovah's Witnesses</a>.
There has been a <a href="/facts/Jew/T9Y4wE6A">Jewish</a> presence in San Marino for at least 600 years.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:91" href="#fn:91">91</a> The first mention of Jews in San Marino dates to the late 14th century, in official documents recording the business transactions of Jews. There are many documents throughout the 15th to 17th centuries describing Jewish dealings and verifying the presence of a Jewish community in San Marino.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:92" href="#fn:92">92</a> Jews were permitted official protection by the government.
During <a href="/facts/World_War_II/2efV5L1U">World War II</a>, San Marino provided a haven for more than 100,000 Jews and other Italians (approximately 10 times the Sammarinese population at the time) from <a href="/facts/Nazism/JjsMI4lE">Nazi</a> persecution. As of 2012, few Jews remain.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:93" href="#fn:93">93</a>
In 2019, the sculpture Dialogue by <a href="/facts/Michele_Chiaruzzi/s9NBPuIb">Michele Chiaruzzi</a> was inaugurated at Saint Anne Chapel, the first monument of its kind devoted to interfaith dialogue.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:94" href="#fn:94">94</a>
San Marino also holds the first <a href="/facts/Shinto_shrine/mGpmoVf1">Shinto shrine</a> built in Europe approved by the <a href="/facts/Association_of_Shinto_Shrines/Wl4QbAG2">Association of Shinto Shrines</a>, that being the <a href="/facts/San_Marino_Shrine/AGxx635s">San Marino Jinja</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:95" href="#fn:95">95</a>

Religions in San Marino (2011)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:96" href="#fn:96">96</a><table><tbody><tr><th>Religion</th><th>%</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Catholic_Church/rJ4F4gqH">Catholic</a></td><td>97.2%</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Protestant/NXja4K3g">Protestant</a></td><td>1.1%</td></tr><tr><td>Other Christian</td><td>0.7%</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Jewish/T9Y4wE6A">Jewish</a></td><td>0.1%</td></tr><tr><td>Other</td><td>0.1%</td></tr><tr><td>Not religious</td><td>0.7%</td></tr><tr><td>No answer</td><td>0.1%</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2 id="transport">Transport</h2>
Main article: <a href="/facts/Transport_in_San_Marino/T1eru6xX">Transport in San Marino</a>The <a href="/facts/Azienda_Autonoma_di_Stato_per_i_Servizi_Pubblici/CPuckHg5">Azienda Autonoma di Stato per i Servizi Pubblici</a>, the Sammarinese state company for <a href="/facts/Public_transport/DXhqazz5">public transport</a>, operates the country's bus network and <a href="/facts/Aerial_tramway/TUrkyYGc">aerial cablecar system</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:97" href="#fn:97">97</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:98" href="#fn:98">98</a>
<h3>Road</h3>
Main article: <a href="/facts/San_Marino_Highway/UCwxcdQp">San Marino Highway</a>
The main road is the <a href="/facts/San_Marino_Highway/UCwxcdQp">San Marino Highway</a>, a <a href="/facts/Dual_carriageway/EvfvIXY6">dual carriageway</a> which runs between <a href="/facts/Borgo_Maggiore/UrIrS7bn">Borgo Maggiore</a> and <a href="/facts/Dogana/20P42faU">Dogana</a> through <a href="/facts/Domagnano/hEzuTFNt">Domagnano</a> and <a href="/facts/Serravalle%2c_San_Marino/0yTfX2ch">Serravalle</a>. After crossing the international border at Dogana, the highway continues through Italy as the <a href="/facts/Strada_statale_72_di_San_Marino/Ng7BAM6o">SS72 state road</a>, touching the international border at <a href="/facts/Rovereta/rwm5zLn1">Rovereta</a>. It serves Cerasolo, a frazione of <a href="/facts/Coriano/Ab4W8IDa">Coriano</a>, and the Rimini Sud exit of the <a href="/facts/Autostrada_A14_(Italy)/9ILbxIB1">A14 tolled highway</a>, before terminating at the crossroads with the SS16 [it] state road.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:99" href="#fn:99">99</a>
Several taxi companies operate in San Marino.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:100" href="#fn:100">100</a>

<h3>Buses and coaches</h3>
As of December 2023, eight bus routes operate entirely within San Marino. All but one line starts in the <a href="/facts/City_of_San_Marino/NQk1uljK">City of San Marino</a>, with several lines serving <a href="/facts/Borgo_Maggiore/UrIrS7bn">Borgo Maggiore</a>, <a href="/facts/Domagnano/hEzuTFNt">Domagnano</a>, <a href="/facts/Serravalle%2c_San_Marino/0yTfX2ch">Serravalle</a>, <a href="/facts/Dogana/20P42faU">Dogana</a>, and San Marino Hospital.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:101" href="#fn:101">101</a> Start Romagna SpA operates several routes that run entirely in Italian territory but near the Sammarinese border, providing connections to Rimini, <a href="/facts/Verucchio/67tsAprI">Verucchio</a>, and <a href="/facts/Novafeltria/TKvPHFtJ">Novafeltria</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:102" href="#fn:102">102</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:103" href="#fn:103">103</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:104" href="#fn:104">104</a>
Rimini and San Marino are connected by the coach companies Bonelli and Benedettini, which provide several services per day throughout the year.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:105" href="#fn:105">105</a> In the City of San Marino, the coaches depart from the central bus stop in Piazzale Marino Calcigni,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:106" href="#fn:106">106</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:107" href="#fn:107">107</a> then stop in <a href="/facts/Borgo_Maggiore/UrIrS7bn">Borgo Maggiore</a>, <a href="/facts/Domagnano/hEzuTFNt">Domagnano</a>, <a href="/facts/Serravalle%2c_San_Marino/0yTfX2ch">Serravalle</a>, <a href="/facts/Dogana/20P42faU">Dogana</a>, and Cerasolo, a frazione of <a href="/facts/Coriano/Ab4W8IDa">Coriano</a>, before reaching Rimini's <a href="/facts/Arch_of_Augustus_(Rimini)/mXhSnf7S">Arch of Augustus</a> and <a href="/facts/Rimini_railway_station/TQzovgWl">railway station</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:108" href="#fn:108">108</a> The coaches complete the route in approximately fifty minutes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:109" href="#fn:109">109</a>

<h3>Aerial cablecar system</h3>
Main article: <a href="/facts/Funivia_di_San_Marino/AsMlwgnQ">Funivia di San Marino</a>

The <a href="/facts/Funivia_di_San_Marino/AsMlwgnQ">Funivia di San Marino</a> is an <a href="/facts/Aerial_tramway/TUrkyYGc">aerial cablecar system</a> connecting a lower terminus in <a href="/facts/Borgo_Maggiore/UrIrS7bn">Borgo Maggiore</a> to an upper terminus in the <a href="/facts/City_of_San_Marino/NQk1uljK">City of San Marino</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:110" href="#fn:110">110</a> Running every fifteen minutes, the two-minute ride is renowned for its panoramic views over San Marino, the <a href="/facts/Province_of_Rimini/9yvuQXyf">Province of Rimini</a>, and the <a href="/facts/Adriatic_Sea/v5I5Jl3f">Adriatic Sea</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:111" href="#fn:111">111</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:112" href="#fn:112">112</a> The cablecar system is a major <a href="/facts/Tourist_attraction/MVHeCkMd">tourist attraction</a>, and considered a defining symbol of San Marino.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:113" href="#fn:113">113</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:114" href="#fn:114">114</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:115" href="#fn:115">115</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:116" href="#fn:116">116</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:117" href="#fn:117">117</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:118" href="#fn:118">118</a>
The cablecar system transports 500,000 passengers yearly across approximately 21,000 trips.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:119" href="#fn:119">119</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:120" href="#fn:120">120</a> It was inaugurated on 1 August 1959.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:121" href="#fn:121">121</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:122" href="#fn:122">122</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:123" href="#fn:123">123</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:124" href="#fn:124">124</a> In 1995 and 1996, it was modernised with double load-bearing cables built by <a href="/facts/Doppelmayr_USA/s4ct4m6f">Doppelmayr Italia</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:125" href="#fn:125">125</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:126" href="#fn:126">126</a> and further renovated in spring 2017.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:127" href="#fn:127">127</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:128" href="#fn:128">128</a>

<h3>Aviation</h3>
See also: <a href="/facts/Federico_Fellini_International_Airport/NonKjfGe">Federico Fellini International Airport</a>The closest airports to San Marino are <a href="/facts/Federico_Fellini_International_Airport/NonKjfGe">Federico Fellini Airport</a> in Rimini's frazione of <a href="/facts/Miramare_di_Rimini/lNx32CAm">Miramare</a>, <a href="/facts/Forl%25C3%25AC_Airport/wnuUfbMF">Luigi Ridolfi Airport</a> in <a href="/facts/Forl%25C3%25AC/surQJCLx">Forlì</a>, <a href="/facts/Marche_Airport/T68Kh0U8">Raffaello Sanzio Airport</a> in <a href="/facts/Ancona/fp735qtc">Ancona</a>, and <a href="/facts/Bologna_Guglielmo_Marconi_Airport/n1SeTx6M">Guglielmo Marconi Airport</a> in <a href="/facts/Bologna/glE9rlrW">Bologna</a>.

Since the 1980s, the governments of San Marino and Italy have signed several bilateral agreements concerning San Marino's access to Fellini Airport.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:129" href="#fn:129">129</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:130" href="#fn:130">130</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:131" href="#fn:131">131</a> After the Sammarinese government acquired a 3% stake in Fellini Airport's management company, Aeradria, in 2002,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:132" href="#fn:132">132</a> the airport was officially named Rimini-San Marino Airport.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:133" href="#fn:133">133</a> In June 2018, Ariminum, Aeradria's successor as Fellini Airport's management company, repainted the airport terminal to read Aeroporto Internazionale di Rimini e San Marino (Rimini and San Marino International Airport), replacing the previous Aeroporto Internazionale Federico Fellini (Federico Fellini International Airport).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:134" href="#fn:134">134</a> The most significant bilateral agreement, ratified on 16 September 2013, provided San Marino a forty-year concession over some areas of Fellini Airport.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:135" href="#fn:135">135</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:136" href="#fn:136">136</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:137" href="#fn:137">137</a> The areas were expected to host a private terminal, with a customs border allowing goods destined for San Marino not to pass through Italian customs.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:138" href="#fn:138">138</a> As of August 2023, Sammarinese authorities still have no presence at the airport.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:139" href="#fn:139">139</a>
<a href="/facts/Torraccia_Airfield/GyLTeuxV">Torraccia Airfield</a> is San Marino's only aviation facility. It is a small <a href="/facts/General_aviation/gA0ozoWt">general aviation</a> <a href="/facts/Aerodrome/7KTfUuMc">aerodrome</a> in <a href="/facts/Torraccia/dSCICbTR">Torraccia</a>, a village east of the castello of Domagnano, less than 200 metres (660 feet) from the Italian border.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:140" href="#fn:140">140</a> Torraccia's only <a href="/facts/Poaceae/q2CRK8q0">grass</a> <a href="/facts/Runway/EYy72SPJ">runway</a> was first used in 1981, but the airfield's structure was opened in 1985.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:141" href="#fn:141">141</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:142" href="#fn:142">142</a> In July 2012, the runway was extended to 650 metres (2,130 feet).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:143" href="#fn:143">143</a> The airfield is owned and operated by Aeroclub San Marino,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:144" href="#fn:144">144</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:145" href="#fn:145">145</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:146" href="#fn:146">146</a> a <a href="/facts/Flying_club/PBf4uGmm">flying club</a> with approximately 100 members.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:147" href="#fn:147">147</a> In the summer, between ten and fifteen planes typically land at the airfield per day.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:148" href="#fn:148">148</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:149" href="#fn:149">149</a> The airfield hosts a <a href="/facts/Flight_training/Jb5H1bX7">flight school</a>, recreational flights and sports, and some tourist flights in small aircraft.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:150" href="#fn:150">150</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:151" href="#fn:151">151</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:152" href="#fn:152">152</a>
At the site of the present-day parking lot for the Funivia's Borgo Maggiore terminus was a <a href="/facts/Heliport/MJG4cfMJ">heliport</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:153" href="#fn:153">153</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:154" href="#fn:154">154</a> which inaugurated its first flights in September 1950.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:155" href="#fn:155">155</a> On 30 June 1959, a helicopter line running between Borgo Maggiore and a heliport by Rimini's port was inaugurated.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:156" href="#fn:156">156</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:157" href="#fn:157">157</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:158" href="#fn:158">158</a> Operated by Compagnia Italiana Elicotteri, the service ran several times per day,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:159" href="#fn:159">159</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:160" href="#fn:160">160</a> using a fleet of four-seater <a href="/facts/Bell_47J_Ranger/6LsFupVq">Bell 47J Rangers</a> and a three-seater <a href="/facts/Bell_47/kyRE9buJ">Agusta-Bell AB-47G</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:161" href="#fn:161">161</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:162" href="#fn:162">162</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:163" href="#fn:163">163</a> which were serviced at Rimini's airport.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:164" href="#fn:164">164</a> In 1964, the line was extended to <a href="/facts/San_Leo/fV0HTplC">San Leo</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:165" href="#fn:165">165</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:166" href="#fn:166">166</a> Tickets would cost up to 12,500 lire,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:167" href="#fn:167">167</a> including the cablecar to the City of San Marino and a shuttle to the <a href="/facts/Forte_di_San_Leo/9ymfghvo">Leonine fortress</a>. The service would take fifteen minutes to reach Rimini and ten minutes to reach San Leo. The service closed in 1969.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:168" href="#fn:168">168</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:169" href="#fn:169">169</a>

<h3>Railway</h3>
Main article: <a href="/facts/Ferrovia_Rimini%25E2%2580%2593San_Marino/Fm0ms70Y">Ferrovia Rimini–San Marino</a>

San Marino currently has no railway except an 800-metre (1⁄2-mile) <a href="/facts/Heritage_railway/4ejeuHKy">heritage railway</a>, which opened in 2012.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:170" href="#fn:170">170</a>
Between 1932 and 1944, a 31.5-kilometre (19.6-mile) <a href="/facts/Railway_electrification_system/WksMTQ4u">electrified</a> <a href="/facts/Narrow_gauge/AM4D6E6I">narrow gauge</a> railway operated between Rimini and the <a href="/facts/City_of_San_Marino/NQk1uljK">City of San Marino</a>, serving <a href="/facts/Dogana/20P42faU">Dogana</a>, <a href="/facts/Serravalle%2c_San_Marino/0yTfX2ch">Serravalle</a>, <a href="/facts/Domagnano/hEzuTFNt">Domagnano</a>, and <a href="/facts/Borgo_Maggiore/UrIrS7bn">Borgo Maggiore</a> along its route.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:171" href="#fn:171">171</a> During the <a href="/facts/World_War_II/2efV5L1U">Second World War</a>, the line was bombed and closed,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:172" href="#fn:172">172</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:173" href="#fn:173">173</a> after which its tunnels sheltered refugees during the Battles of <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Rimini_(1944)/1cjdNf0b">Rimini</a> and <a href="/facts/Battle_of_San_Marino/CmNgzmml">San Marino</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:174" href="#fn:174">174</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:175" href="#fn:175">175</a> After the war, the railway was abandoned in favour of the <a href="/facts/San_Marino_Highway/UCwxcdQp">San Marino Highway</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:176" href="#fn:176">176</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:177" href="#fn:177">177</a> In 2012, an 800-metre (1⁄2-mile) section was reopened as a heritage railway in the City of San Marino, running between Piazzale della Stazione and near Via Napoleone.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:178" href="#fn:178">178</a> The restored section comprises the original railway's final horseshoe turn through the 502-metre (1,647-foot) Montale tunnel.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:179" href="#fn:179">179</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:180" href="#fn:180">180</a>
Despite its short operational history, the Rimini–San Marino railway retains an important place in Sammarinese culture and history,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:181" href="#fn:181">181</a> and has featured on Sammarinese postal stamps.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:182" href="#fn:182">182</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:183" href="#fn:183">183</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:184" href="#fn:184">184</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:185" href="#fn:185">185</a> Both the Sammarinese and Italian governments have expressed interest in reopening the line.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:186" href="#fn:186">186</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:187" href="#fn:187">187</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:188" href="#fn:188">188</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:189" href="#fn:189">189</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:190" href="#fn:190">190</a>
Between 1921 and 1960, San Marino was also served by a station on the <a href="/facts/Rimini%25E2%2580%2593Novafeltria_railway/FGPMqDAB">Rimini–Novafeltria railway</a> in Torello, on the other side of the international border from <a href="/facts/Gualdicciolo/uCMKyXyh">Gualdicciolo</a> in San Marino's west.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:191" href="#fn:191">191</a> This provided San Marino its first railway station, albeit located in Italian territory.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:192" href="#fn:192">192</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:193" href="#fn:193">193</a>

<h2 id="culture">Culture</h2>

The <a href="/facts/Three_Towers_of_San_Marino/0EuEwlUT">Three Towers of San Marino</a> are located on the three peaks of <a href="/facts/Monte_Titano/lm5LAuBe">Monte Titano</a> in the capital. They are depicted on both the <a href="/facts/Flag_of_San_Marino/W7WJywTW">flag of San Marino</a> and its <a href="/facts/Coat_of_Arms_of_San_Marino/AKbtF1GM">coat of arms</a>. The three towers are: <a href="/facts/Guaita/80gPAqjT">Guaita</a>, the oldest of the three (it was constructed in the 11th century); the 13th-century <a href="/facts/Cesta%2c_San_Marino/w0RB6InH">Cesta</a>, located on the highest of Monte Titano's summits; and the 14th-century <a href="/facts/Montale_(San_Marino)/CAaYFFk8">Montale</a>, on the smallest of Monte Titano's summits, still privately owned.

<h3>University</h3>
The Università degli Studi della Repubblica di San Marino (<a href="/facts/University_of_the_Republic_of_San_Marino/nFUpP8XF">University of the Republic of San Marino</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:194" href="#fn:194">194</a> is the main university, which includes the <a href="/facts/Scuola_Superiore_di_Studi_Storici_di_San_Marino/t0rsat01">Scuola Superiore di Studi Storici di San Marino</a> (Graduate School of Historical Studies), a distinguished research and advanced international study centre governed by an international Scientific Committee coordinated by the emeritus historian <a href="/facts/Luciano_Canfora/bj4om7f4">Luciano Canfora</a>. An important music institution is the Istituto Musicale Sammarinese (Sammarinese Musical Institute).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:195" href="#fn:195">195</a>
The <a href="/facts/Akademio_Internacia_de_la_Sciencoj_San_Marino/HNDKPqdb">Akademio Internacia de la Sciencoj San Marino</a> or Accademia Internazionale delle Scienze San Marino (International Academy of Sciences San Marino) was known for adopting <a href="/facts/Esperanto_language/5cWPoLuM">Esperanto</a> as the language for teaching and for scientific publications.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:196" href="#fn:196">196</a> The Akademio was dissolved in 2020.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:197" href="#fn:197">197</a>
Italian author <a href="/facts/Umberto_Eco/tDTJHXe6">Umberto Eco</a> had attempted to create a "university without physical structures" in San Marino.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:198" href="#fn:198">198</a>

<h3>Sport</h3>
Main article: <a href="/facts/Sport_in_San_Marino/um7PmxkF">Sport in San Marino</a>
See also: <a href="/facts/San_Marino_at_the_Olympics/b6vTqrIp">San Marino at the Olympics</a> and <a href="/facts/Football_in_San_Marino/6fnK4uTj">Football in San Marino</a>
In San Marino <a href="/facts/Association_football/yttjeD0D">football</a> is the most popular sport. <a href="/facts/Basketball/M5pl4Pzo">Basketball</a> and <a href="/facts/Volleyball/28rBEwRd">volleyball</a> are also popular. The three sports have their own federations, the <a href="/facts/San_Marino_Football_Federation/DeCm1pnL">San Marino Football Federation</a>, the <a href="/facts/San_Marino_Basketball_Federation/qx7SG2QF">San Marino Basketball Federation</a> and the <a href="/facts/Federazione_Sammarinese_Pallavolo/7XgojM5R">San Marino Volleyball Federation</a>.
The <a href="/facts/San_Marino_national_football_team/qj1Qu8dX">San Marino national football team</a> has had little success, being made up of part-timers. The team has never qualified for a major tournament, and has recorded only three wins in the more than 25 years of its history. The first two,1–0 victories over <a href="/facts/Liechtenstein_national_football_team/UcjVKU80">Liechtenstein</a>; the first came in a 2004 friendly, and the second, their first competitive victory, came during the group stage of the <a href="/facts/2024-25_UEFA_Nations_League/PdW87335">2024-25 UEFA Nations League</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:199" href="#fn:199">199</a> Their third win, a 3-1 victory against Liechtenstein was their first ever away victory. This carried additional prestige as it secured San Marino's promotion to league C for the 2026-27 UEFA Nations league, the greatest achievement in the team's history. They have drawn four more times, with their most notable result being a 1993 0–0 draw with <a href="/facts/Turkey_national_football_team/cIgQ9f9G">Turkey</a> during the <a href="/facts/1994_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_(UEFA)/A3pnfR72">European qualifiers for the 1994 FIFA World Cup</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:200" href="#fn:200">200</a> In the same qualifying competition, <a href="/facts/Davide_Gualtieri/PUauuN2r">Davide Gualtieri</a> scored a goal 8.3 seconds into a match against <a href="/facts/England_national_football_team/N71IuE3t">England</a>; this goal held the record for the fastest in international football until 2016.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:201" href="#fn:201">201</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:202" href="#fn:202">202</a> San Marino has a club in the Italian league system called <a href="/facts/A.S.D.V._San_Marino/Ql7jlJQk">A.S.D.V. San Marino</a> and a domestic amateur league, the <a href="/facts/Campionato_Sammarinese/rsmaM6gG">Campionato Sammarinese</a>, whose teams also participate in European club competitions. Together with Italy, San Marino held the <a href="/facts/2019_UEFA_European_Under-21_Championship/UMdhyefW">2019 UEFA European Under-21 Championship</a>, with teams playing at the <a href="/facts/Stadio_Olimpico_(San_Marino)/1v4VNlxg">Stadio Olimpico</a> in <a href="/facts/Serravalle_(San_Marino)/0yTfX2ch">Serravalle</a>. With Italy being the sole automatic qualifiers, the Sammarinese team did not participate in the final tournament.

A <a href="/facts/Formula_One/BwdePyWY">Formula One</a> race, the <a href="/facts/San_Marino_Grand_Prix/F0m0xGcz">San Marino Grand Prix</a>, was named after the state, although it did not take place there. Instead, it was held at the <a href="/facts/Autodromo_Enzo_e_Dino_Ferrari/Az5Wr3Tc">Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari</a> in the Italian town of <a href="/facts/Imola/B1KTCrVU">Imola</a>, about 100 km (60 mi) northwest of San Marino. <a href="/facts/Roland_Ratzenberger/xmj0kNSJ">Roland Ratzenberger</a> and <a href="/facts/Ayrton_Senna/9HBINjgm">Ayrton Senna</a> suffered fatal accidents a day apart during the <a href="/facts/1994_San_Marino_Grand_Prix/oRz0tIRe">1994 Grand Prix</a>. This international event was removed from the calendar in <a href="/facts/2007_Formula_One_season/SFkUkmrS">2007</a>, although the circuit has since returned to the calendar as the <a href="/facts/Emilia_Romagna_Grand_Prix/d7WB7lmh">Emilia Romagna Grand Prix</a>.
The <a href="/facts/San_Marino_and_Rimini%2527s_Coast_motorcycle_Grand_Prix/Vyltg8EQ">San Marino and Rimini's Coast motorcycle Grand Prix</a> was reinstated in the schedule in 2007 and takes place at the <a href="/facts/Misano_World_Circuit_Marco_Simoncelli/3JpeXzef">Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli</a>, as does San Marino's round of the <a href="/facts/World_Superbike_Championship/R9VWWbmt">World Superbike Championship</a>.
San Marino has <a href="/facts/San_Marino_(baseball_team)/scVrfrTv">a professional baseball team</a> which plays in <a href="/facts/Italian_Baseball_League/mo1L5weR">Italy's top division</a>. It has participated in the <a href="/facts/European_Cup_(baseball)/qTfvpk0b">European Cup</a> tournament for the continent's top club sides several times, hosting the event in 1996, 2000, 2004, and <a href="/facts/2007_European_Cup_(baseball)/qk5UteWh">2007</a>. It won the championship in 2006, <a href="/facts/2011_Final_Four_(baseball)/MEb6JKKJ">2011</a> and 2014.
Shooting is also very popular in San Marino, with many shooters having taken part in international competitions and the <a href="/facts/Olympic_Games/TXbdPIVS">Olympic Games</a>. At the <a href="/facts/2020_Summer_Olympics/gDEUDyJh">2020 Summer Olympics</a>, San Marino became the smallest country to earn an Olympic medal when <a href="/facts/Alessandra_Perilli/KI89WlPW">Alessandra Perilli</a> won a bronze medal in the <a href="/facts/Shooting_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%25E2%2580%2593_Women%2527s_trap/jl2dlUtm">women's trap</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:203" href="#fn:203">203</a> They later won another medal, this one silver, with Perilli's and <a href="/facts/Gian_Marco_Berti/YoqIGMUH">Gian Marco Berti</a>'s performance in the <a href="/facts/Shooting_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_%25E2%2580%2593_Mixed_trap_team/jl2dlUtm">mixed trap shooting event</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:204" href="#fn:204">204</a>

<h3>Cuisine</h3>
Main article: <a href="/facts/Sammarinese_cuisine/nyr1uGYM">Sammarinese cuisine</a>

The cuisine of San Marino is extremely similar to central <a href="/facts/Italian_cuisine/cPxxBQj3">Italian cuisine</a>, especially that of the adjoining <a href="/facts/Emilia-Romagna/T4ag5xaR">Emilia-Romagna</a> and <a href="/facts/Marche/LF2ngpIP">Marche</a> regions, but it has a number of its own unique dishes and products.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:205" href="#fn:205">205</a> Its best known is probably the <a href="/facts/Torta_Tre_Monti/CKDmkGBw">Torta Tre Monti</a> ("Cake of the Three Mountains" or "Cake of the Three Towers"), a wafer layered cake covered in chocolate depicting the <a href="/facts/Three_Towers_of_San_Marino/0EuEwlUT">Three Towers of San Marino</a>. The country also has a small <a href="/facts/Sammarinese_wine/j31JMcSJ">wine</a> industry.

<h3>UNESCO</h3>
The site San Marino: Historic Centre and Mount Titano became part of the <a href="/facts/UNESCO/QSbkRv3o">UNESCO</a> World Heritage List in 2008.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:206" href="#fn:206">206</a> The decision was taken during the 32nd Session of the UNESCO <a href="/facts/World_Heritage_Committee/U8zeKAgp">World Heritage Committee</a> composed of 21 countries convened in Québec, Canada.

<h3>Music</h3>
Main articles: <a href="/facts/Music_of_San_Marino/swI6wpsd">Music of San Marino</a> and <a href="/facts/San_Marino_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest/3kt7bQ9a">San Marino in the Eurovision Song Contest</a>

The country has a long and rich musical tradition, closely linked to that of Italy, but which is also highly independent in itself. A well-known 17th-century composer is Francesco Maria Marini.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:207" href="#fn:207">207</a> The pop singer <a href="/facts/Little_Tony_(singer)/dPWmwCzS">Little Tony</a> achieved considerable success in the United Kingdom and Italy in the 1950s and 1960s.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:208" href="#fn:208">208</a>
<a href="/facts/San_Marino_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest/3kt7bQ9a">San Marino</a> has taken part in the <a href="/facts/Eurovision_Song_Contest/YRB3pRju">Eurovision Song Contest</a> twelve times, achieving four final qualifications to date (with then-three, eventually four-time contestant and San Marino native <a href="/facts/Valentina_Monetta/csBQxLQt">Valentina Monetta</a> with "<a href="/facts/Maybe_(Valentina_Monetta_song)/RkmpIDEM">Maybe</a>" in <a href="/facts/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2014/EB5p7ypo">2014</a>, Turkish singer <a href="/facts/Serhat_(singer)/yNtA0qTb">Serhat</a> with "<a href="/facts/Say_Na_Na_Na/udy3HQFI">Say Na Na Na</a>" who achieved 19th place in the final in <a href="/facts/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2019/8tQ9VdPs">2019</a>, Italian singer <a href="/facts/Senhit_(singer)/22Ml4H5A">Senhit</a> along with American rapper <a href="/facts/Flo_Rida/tWVJSkUf">Flo Rida</a> who qualified for the <a href="/facts/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2021/9AoPtszD">2021</a> final with the song "<a href="/facts/Adrenalina_(Senhit_song)/V4pbYVnL">Adrenalina</a>" and Italian DJ and producer <a href="/facts/Gabry_Ponte/doeYaf2v">Gabry Ponte</a> who qualified for the <a href="/facts/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2025/8jV19PkY">2025</a> final with the song "<a href="/facts/Tutta_l%2527Italia/wSlRo2S1">Tutta l'Italia</a>"). Its national final for the Eurovision Song Contest is known to attract some of the biggest names in music.

<h3>Theatre</h3>
The <a href="/facts/Teatro_Nuovo_(Serravalle)/TwwgvQBs">Teatro Nuovo (Serravalle)</a> is a <a href="/facts/Theater_(structure)/GgCkNKEh">theatre</a> of the Republic of San Marino located in <a href="/facts/Dogana/20P42faU">Dogana</a>, a town in the <a href="/facts/Serravalle_(San_Marino)/0yTfX2ch">Serravalle</a> municipality ("castello"), not far from the border with <a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF">Italy</a>. It has a capacity of 872 seats of which 604 are in the stalls and is the largest theatre in the republic.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:209" href="#fn:209">209</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:210" href="#fn:210">210</a>

<h3>Museums and galleries</h3>
There are a number of state-run national museums and galleries based in San Marino.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:211" href="#fn:211">211</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:212" href="#fn:212">212</a>

<h4>Museo delle Armi Antiche</h4>
The Museum of Ancient Arms is dedicated to ancient weapons, uniforms, armour and experimental weapons.

<h4>Museo di Stato</h4>
The State Museum has a permanent art collection dedicated to the history and legends of the Republic. Many of these pieces originally came from public and religious buildings in the City of San Marino.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:213" href="#fn:213">213</a> Also on display are paintings and objects from the Monastery of Saint Chiara. As well as the permanent collection, the museum also hosts temporary exhibitions such as Mario Ferretti: An Artistic Restlessness of the 20th Century.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:214" href="#fn:214">214</a> The main room of the museum displays paintings by <a href="/facts/Guercino/R8jCRLGD">Guercino</a> and his pupils, <a href="/facts/Cesare_Gennari/GLqohRLr">Cesare Gennari</a> and <a href="/facts/Benedetto_Gennari/W1RQo21o">Benedetto Gennari</a>, <a href="/facts/Matteo_Loves/7TYERwBU">Matteo Loves</a> and <a href="/facts/Elisabetta_Sirani/BrzsMcdl">Elisabetta Sirani</a>. The works in an adjacent room are dedicated to the two patron saints of the Republic, Saint Marino and Saint Agata. There are also objects, such as urns and plates, that are used by San Marino institutions. Other items on display are panel paintings and sculptures from the 15th and 16th centuries.

<h4>Pinacoteca di San Francesco</h4>
The St Francis art gallery displays archaeological, artistic and numismatic collections.

<h4>Galleria Nazionale</h4>
The National Gallery is for the protection, conservation and enhancement of the UNESCO heritage.

<h4>Museo del Francobollo e della Moneta</h4>
The museum is dedicated to the stamps and coins of San Marino.

<h4>Galleria d’Arte Moderna e Contemporanea</h4>
The Modern and Contemporary Art Gallery hosts more than 1,000 works dating from the period between the first decade of the 20th century to the present.

<h4>Museo dell’Emigrante</h4>
The Museum of the Emigrant is a permanent study centre dedicated to emigration. It opened in 1997 and is housed in the Monastery of Santa Chiara.

<h4>Museo di Storia Naturale</h4>
The Museum of Natural History is based in the San Marino Natural History Centre in the Borgo Maggiore municipality.

<h3>Public holidays and festivals</h3>
Main article: <a href="/facts/Public_holidays_in_San_Marino/dlbbyRcT">Public holidays in San Marino</a>
<table><tbody><tr><th>Date</th><th>Name</th><th>Explanation</th></tr><tr><td>1 January</td><td><a href="/facts/New_Year%2527s_Day/6XQyYPCn">New Year's Day</a></td><td>Festival marking the beginning of the new year</td></tr><tr><td>6 January</td><td><a href="/facts/Epiphany_(holiday)/j4pUmR6j">Epiphany</a></td><td>Commemorates the visit of the <a href="/facts/Three_wise_men/51PSFDf1">three wise men</a> or magi to the infant Jesus</td></tr><tr><td>5 February</td><td><a href="/facts/Feast_of_Saint_Agatha/Wa0Uvsqk">Feast of Saint Agatha</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Feast_of_Saint_Agatha/Wa0Uvsqk">Commemoration of Saint Agatha</a>, co-patroness of the Republic after the country was liberated from foreign rule on her feast day in 1740<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:215" href="#fn:215">215</a></td></tr><tr><td>Variable, the first Sunday after the <a href="/facts/Paschal_full_moon/DTz406cC">first full moon</a> after the <a href="/facts/Equinox/s8kaFsD2">vernal equinox</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Easter/LYPGCQge">Easter</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Resurrection_of_Jesus/6oxjSUry">Resurrection of Jesus</a></td></tr><tr><td>Variable, the Monday after Easter Sunday</td><td><a href="/facts/Easter_Monday/c7M77lqk">Easter Monday</a></td><td>Monday after Easter day</td></tr><tr><td>25 March</td><td>Anniversary of the <a href="/facts/Arengo/HLRELeWn">Arengo</a></td><td>Anniversary of the <a href="/facts/1906_Sammarinese_citizenry_meeting/Y5Dnk7DH">1906 Arengo</a> and the Festa delle Milizie (Feast of the Militants)</td></tr><tr><td>1 May</td><td><a href="/facts/Labour_Day/FgFFs2hk">Labour Day</a></td><td>Celebration of workers and employees</td></tr><tr><td>Variable, the first Thursday after <a href="/facts/Trinity_Sunday/HkNKwL8W">Trinity Sunday</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Corpus_Christi_(feast)/SgSw0TPM">Corpus Christi</a></td><td>Commemoration of the body and blood of Jesus Christ</td></tr><tr><td>28 July</td><td>Liberation from Fascism</td><td>Commemoration of the fall of the <a href="/facts/Sammarinese_Fascist_Party/RTSswVS6">Sammarinese Fascist Party</a></td></tr><tr><td>15 August</td><td><a href="/facts/Ferragosto/gnrmgAQo">Ferragosto</a> (Assumption)</td><td>Commemoration of the <a href="/facts/Assumption_of_Mary/4mfyc0NP">Virgin Mary's assumption</a> into heaven</td></tr><tr><td>3 September</td><td>The Feast of <a href="/facts/Saint_Marinus/AY3743Nv">Saint Marinus</a> and the Republic</td><td>National feast of Saint Marinus (San Marino), celebrating the origin of the Republic in 301</td></tr><tr><td>1 November</td><td><a href="/facts/All_Saints%2527_Day/6GYlXR2c">All Saints' Day</a></td><td>Feast dedicated to all saints</td></tr><tr><td>2 November</td><td>Commemoration of all those who died at war</td><td>Remembrance of all those who gave their lives for San Marino in war</td></tr><tr><td>8 December</td><td><a href="/facts/Immaculate_Conception/mGE5HnCo">Immaculate Conception</a></td><td>Remembrance of the Virgin Mary's conception without original sin</td></tr><tr><td>24 December</td><td><a href="/facts/Christmas_Eve/UVM8KoES">Christmas Eve</a></td><td>Day before the commemoration of the birth of <a href="/facts/Jesus/Hcd9hEzI">Jesus</a></td></tr><tr><td>25 December</td><td><a href="/facts/Christmas/EsuI0Gds">Christmas</a></td><td>Birth of <a href="/facts/Jesus/Hcd9hEzI">Jesus</a></td></tr><tr><td>26 December</td><td><a href="/facts/Saint_Stephen%2527s_Day/uCGmlXcN">Saint Stephen's Day</a></td><td>Commemoration of the death of <a href="/facts/Saint_Stephen/jTn9nQXR">Saint Stephen</a>, the first Christian martyr</td></tr><tr><td>31 December</td><td><a href="/facts/New_Year%2527s_Eve/1EHusJ1h">New Year's Eve</a></td><td>Celebration which closes and marks the end of the year</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/The_Catholic_Guide_and_Scout_Association_of_San_Marino/xFcm7lwK">The Catholic Guide and Scout Association of San Marino</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/City-state/aj1EjbYy">City-state</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Index_of_San_Marino-related_articles/WVPQ7F0p">Index of San Marino-related articles</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Outline_of_San_Marino/HMSVqYdq">Outline of San Marino</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_San_Marino/C0bUvNbs">Postage stamps and postal history of San Marino</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Telecommunications_in_San_Marino/Q0R6Q30P">Telecommunications in San Marino</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Order_of_San_Marino/egTsjP9X">Order of San Marino</a> and <a href="/facts/Order_of_Saint_Agatha/81cPkJrT">Order of Saint Agatha</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="notes">Notes</h2>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>

<ul><li><a href="https://www.gov.sm/">Benvenuti in GOV.SM</a> Official government website</li>
<li><a href="https://agency.sm/">Economic Development Agency Chamber of Commerce</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220818082325/https://agency.sm/">Archived</a> 18 August 2022 at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a> Economic Development Agency website portal</li>
<li> Geographic data related to <a href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/54624">San Marino</a> at <a href="/facts/OpenStreetMap/Hd3yejum">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">/ˌsæn məˈriːnoʊ/ ⓘ SAN mə-REE-noh, Italian: [sam maˈriːno]; Romagnol: San Maréin or San Maroin <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" target="_blank">/wiki/Help:IPA/English</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">Italian: Repubblica di San Marino <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">"Official Names of the United Nations Membership" (PDF). United Nations. <a href="https://www.un.int/protocol/sites/www.un.int/files/Protocol%20and%20Liaison%20Service/officialnamesofcountries.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.un.int/protocol/sites/www.un.int/files/Protocol%20and%20Liaison%20Service/officialnamesofcountries.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">"The Republic of San Marino: Italy's Mountaintop Microstate". Round the World in 30 Days. 14 August 2017. Retrieved 10 August 2020. <a href="https://rtwin30days.com/san-marino-italy/" target="_blank">https://rtwin30days.com/san-marino-italy/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">"San Marino". Lonely Planet. Retrieved 18 November 2016. <a href="https://www.lonelyplanet.com/italy/emilia-romagna-and-san-marino/san-marino" target="_blank">https://www.lonelyplanet.com/italy/emilia-romagna-and-san-marino/san-marino</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">"Demographic structure". Office of Informatics, Technology, Data and Statistics. Retrieved 28 March 2025. <a href="https://www.statistica.sm/pub1/StatisticaSM/en/Dati-statistici/Popolazione/Struttura-Demografica.html" target="_blank">https://www.statistica.sm/pub1/StatisticaSM/en/Dati-statistici/Popolazione/Struttura-Demografica.html</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">"Europe's Micro-States: (04) San Marino". Deutsche Welle. 24 July 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2014. <a href="http://www.dw.de/europes-micro-states-04-san-marino/av-17804426" target="_blank">http://www.dw.de/europes-micro-states-04-san-marino/av-17804426</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">San Marino. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. <a href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/san-marino/" target="_blank">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/san-marino/</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">Chiaruzzi, Michele (2023). San Marino. Thomas W. Wilson (ed.), Europe. An Encyclopedia of Culture and Society, vol. 2, London-New York, Bloomsbury Academic, p. 796. <a href="/wiki/Michele_Chiaruzzi" target="_blank">/wiki/Michele_Chiaruzzi</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:119">Fabbri, Monica (26 May 2021). ""La funivia sammarinese è sicura", garantisce AASS. Ecco le differenze con l'impianto di Mottarone" ["The San Marino cablecar is safe", guarantees AASS: here are the differences with the Mottarone plant]. San Marino RTV (in Italian). Retrieved 31 December 2023. <a href="https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/attualita-c4/la-funivia-sammarinese-e-sicura-garantisce-aass-ecco-le-differenze-con-l-impianto-di-mottarone-a206296" target="_blank">https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/attualita-c4/la-funivia-sammarinese-e-sicura-garantisce-aass-ecco-le-differenze-con-l-impianto-di-mottarone-a206296</a> <a href="#fnref:119" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:120">Simoncini, Myriam (1 August 2009). "50 anni e non li dimostra" [50 years and it doesn't show it]. San Marino RTV (in Italian). Retrieved 31 December 2023. <a href="https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/cultura-c6/50-anni-non-li-dimostra-a109456" target="_blank">https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/cultura-c6/50-anni-non-li-dimostra-a109456</a> <a href="#fnref:120" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:121">Simoncini, Myriam (1 August 2009). "50 anni e non li dimostra" [50 years and it doesn't show it]. San Marino RTV (in Italian). Retrieved 31 December 2023. <a href="https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/cultura-c6/50-anni-non-li-dimostra-a109456" target="_blank">https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/cultura-c6/50-anni-non-li-dimostra-a109456</a> <a href="#fnref:121" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:122">"La Funivia" [The Cablecar System]. Azienda Autonoma di Stato per i Servizi Pubblici. 13 September 2018. Retrieved 31 December 2023. <a href="https://www.aass.sm/site/home/lazienda/storia/articolo50005262.html" target="_blank">https://www.aass.sm/site/home/lazienda/storia/articolo50005262.html</a> <a href="#fnref:122" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:123">"Funivia di San Marino" [San Marino Cablecar System]. romagna.net (in Italian). Retrieved 31 December 2023. <a href="https://www.romagna.net/repubblica-di-san-marino/luoghi-di-interesse/funivia-di-san-marino/" target="_blank">https://www.romagna.net/repubblica-di-san-marino/luoghi-di-interesse/funivia-di-san-marino/</a> <a href="#fnref:123" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:124">"La storia del servizio elicottero a San Marino, legato alla crescita del turismo di massa" [The history of the helicopter service in San Marino, linked to the growth of mass tourism]. www.titanpostsm.com (in Italian). 5 April 2020. Archived from the original on 31 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231231160920/https://www.titanpostsm.com/1514/La%20storia%20del%20servizio%20elicottero%20a%20San%20Marino,%20legato%20alla%20crescita%20del%20turismo%20di%20massa/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20231231160920/https://www.titanpostsm.com/1514/La%20storia%20del%20servizio%20elicottero%20a%20San%20Marino,%20legato%20alla%20crescita%20del%20turismo%20di%20massa/</a> <a href="#fnref:124" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:125">"Funivia di San Marino" [San Marino Cablecar System]. Azienda Autonoma di Stato per i Servizi Pubblici (in Italian). Retrieved 31 December 2023. <a href="https://www.aass.sm/site/home/trasporti/funivia.html" target="_blank">https://www.aass.sm/site/home/trasporti/funivia.html</a> <a href="#fnref:125" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:126">"La Funivia" [The Cablecar System]. Azienda Autonoma di Stato per i Servizi Pubblici. 13 September 2018. Retrieved 31 December 2023. <a href="https://www.aass.sm/site/home/lazienda/storia/articolo50005262.html" target="_blank">https://www.aass.sm/site/home/lazienda/storia/articolo50005262.html</a> <a href="#fnref:126" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:127">"San Marino. Inaugurata la funivia di Borgo Maggiore" [San Marino: the Borgo Maggiore cablecar system is inaugurated]. libertas.sm (in Italian). 15 April 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2023. <a href="https://www.libertas.sm/san-marino-inaugurata-la-funivia-di-borgo-maggiore/" target="_blank">https://www.libertas.sm/san-marino-inaugurata-la-funivia-di-borgo-maggiore/</a> <a href="#fnref:127" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:128">"La Funivia" [The Cablecar System]. Azienda Autonoma di Stato per i Servizi Pubblici. 13 September 2018. Retrieved 31 December 2023. <a href="https://www.aass.sm/site/home/lazienda/storia/articolo50005262.html" target="_blank">https://www.aass.sm/site/home/lazienda/storia/articolo50005262.html</a> <a href="#fnref:128" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:129">Pari, Mario (5 September 2018). "Aeroporto: la Repubblica di San Marino non mette le ali" [Airport: The Republic of San Marino does not spread its wings]. Riminiduepuntozero (in Italian). Retrieved 1 January 2024. <a href="https://www.riminiduepuntozero.it/aeroporto-la-repubblica-di-san-marino-non-mette-le-ali/" target="_blank">https://www.riminiduepuntozero.it/aeroporto-la-repubblica-di-san-marino-non-mette-le-ali/</a> <a href="#fnref:129" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:130">"Firmato l'accordo di assegnazione aree del Fellini" [Fellini area assignment agreement signed]. San Marino RTV (in Italian). 16 September 2013. Retrieved 1 January 2024. <a href="https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/economia-c5/firmato-accordo-assegnazione-aree-fellini-a27340" target="_blank">https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/economia-c5/firmato-accordo-assegnazione-aree-fellini-a27340</a> <a href="#fnref:130" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:131">"San Marino atterra al Fellini. Ora via ai voli del Titano" [San Marino lands at Fellini: Now the Titan flights have a green light]. RiminiToday (in Italian). 3 January 2012. Retrieved 22 December 2023. <a href="https://www.riminitoday.it/cronaca/san-marino-aeroporto-fellini-ora-via-ai-voli-del-titano.html" target="_blank">https://www.riminitoday.it/cronaca/san-marino-aeroporto-fellini-ora-via-ai-voli-del-titano.html</a> <a href="#fnref:131" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:132">Rtv, San Marino (12 February 2004). "Aeroporto di Rimini: dalla guerra all'ingresso di San Marino" [Rimini Airport: From the war to San Marino's entry]. San Marino RTV (in Italian). Retrieved 2 November 2023. <a href="https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/attualita-c4/aeroporto-rimini-dalla-guerra-ingresso-san-marino-a92887" target="_blank">https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/attualita-c4/aeroporto-rimini-dalla-guerra-ingresso-san-marino-a92887</a> <a href="#fnref:132" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:133">Russo, Carlo (24 November 2000). "Rimini, scalo di stato: San Marino ha un suo aeroporto" [Rimini, state airport: San Marino has its own airport]. Italia Oggi. Retrieved 1 January 2024. <a href="https://www.italiaoggi.it/archivio/rimini-scalo-di-stato-115042" target="_blank">https://www.italiaoggi.it/archivio/rimini-scalo-di-stato-115042</a> <a href="#fnref:133" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:134">"Il nuovo look dell'aeroporto: "San Marino" ha preso il posto di "Federico Fellini"" [The new look of the airport: "San Marino" has taken the place of "Federico Fellini"]. Riminiduepuntozero (in Italian). 3 March 2018. Retrieved 1 January 2014. <a href="https://www.riminiduepuntozero.it/il-nuovo-look-dellaeroporto-san-marino-ha-preso-il-posto-di-federico-fellini/" target="_blank">https://www.riminiduepuntozero.it/il-nuovo-look-dellaeroporto-san-marino-ha-preso-il-posto-di-federico-fellini/</a> <a href="#fnref:134" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:135">"Firmato l'accordo di assegnazione aree del Fellini" [Fellini area assignment agreement signed]. San Marino RTV (in Italian). 16 September 2013. Retrieved 1 January 2024. <a href="https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/economia-c5/firmato-accordo-assegnazione-aree-fellini-a27340" target="_blank">https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/economia-c5/firmato-accordo-assegnazione-aree-fellini-a27340</a> <a href="#fnref:135" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:136">"Aeroporto Fellini, sullo scalo internazionale incontro a Roma a settembre" [Fellini Airport: On the international airport meeting in Rome in September]. San Marino RTV (in Italian). 12 August 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2024. <a href="https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/attualita-c4/aeroporto-fellini-sullo-scalo-internazionale-incontro-a-roma-a-settembre-a245543" target="_blank">https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/attualita-c4/aeroporto-fellini-sullo-scalo-internazionale-incontro-a-roma-a-settembre-a245543</a> <a href="#fnref:136" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:137">Mincuzzi, Angelo; Oddo, Giuseppe (24 April 2014). "Una misteriosa cordata estera per l'aeroporto di Rimini-San Marino" [A mysterious foreign consortium for the Rimini-San Marino airport]. Il Sole 24 Ore (in Italian). Retrieved 1 January 2024. <a href="http://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/notizie/2014-07-23/una-misteriosa-cordata-estera-l-aeroporto-rimini-san-marino-194420.shtml?uuid=ABT3cidB" target="_blank">http://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/notizie/2014-07-23/una-misteriosa-cordata-estera-l-aeroporto-rimini-san-marino-194420.shtml?uuid=ABT3cidB</a> <a href="#fnref:137" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:138">Mincuzzi, Angelo; Oddo, Giuseppe (24 April 2014). "Una misteriosa cordata estera per l'aeroporto di Rimini-San Marino" [A mysterious foreign consortium for the Rimini-San Marino airport]. Il Sole 24 Ore (in Italian). Retrieved 1 January 2024. <a href="http://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/notizie/2014-07-23/una-misteriosa-cordata-estera-l-aeroporto-rimini-san-marino-194420.shtml?uuid=ABT3cidB" target="_blank">http://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/notizie/2014-07-23/una-misteriosa-cordata-estera-l-aeroporto-rimini-san-marino-194420.shtml?uuid=ABT3cidB</a> <a href="#fnref:138" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:139">"Aeroporto Fellini, sullo scalo internazionale incontro a Roma a settembre" [Fellini Airport: On the international airport meeting in Rome in September]. San Marino RTV (in Italian). 12 August 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2024. <a href="https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/attualita-c4/aeroporto-fellini-sullo-scalo-internazionale-incontro-a-roma-a-settembre-a245543" target="_blank">https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/attualita-c4/aeroporto-fellini-sullo-scalo-internazionale-incontro-a-roma-a-settembre-a245543</a> <a href="#fnref:139" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:140">"Torraccia". forgottenairfields.com. 20 August 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2024. <a href="https://forgottenairfields.com/airfield-torraccia-148.html" target="_blank">https://forgottenairfields.com/airfield-torraccia-148.html</a> <a href="#fnref:140" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:141">Bollini, Marco (5 July 2015). "San Marino avrà un aeroporto?" [Will San Marino have an airport?]. giornalesm.com (in Italian). Retrieved 1 January 2024. <a href="https://www.giornalesm.com/san-marino-avra-aeroporto/" target="_blank">https://www.giornalesm.com/san-marino-avra-aeroporto/</a> <a href="#fnref:141" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:142">"Chi Siamo" [Who we are]. Aeroclub San Marino (in Italian). Retrieved 1 January 2024. <a href="https://www.aeroclubsanmarino.com/chi-siamo/" target="_blank">https://www.aeroclubsanmarino.com/chi-siamo/</a> <a href="#fnref:142" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:143">"Torraccia". forgottenairfields.com. 20 August 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2024. <a href="https://forgottenairfields.com/airfield-torraccia-148.html" target="_blank">https://forgottenairfields.com/airfield-torraccia-148.html</a> <a href="#fnref:143" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:144">"Torraccia". forgottenairfields.com. 20 August 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2024. <a href="https://forgottenairfields.com/airfield-torraccia-148.html" target="_blank">https://forgottenairfields.com/airfield-torraccia-148.html</a> <a href="#fnref:144" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:145">Bollini, Marco (5 July 2015). "San Marino avrà un aeroporto?" [Will San Marino have an airport?]. giornalesm.com (in Italian). Retrieved 1 January 2024. <a href="https://www.giornalesm.com/san-marino-avra-aeroporto/" target="_blank">https://www.giornalesm.com/san-marino-avra-aeroporto/</a> <a href="#fnref:145" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:146">"Eliporto Torraccia - Aeroclub San Marino | Rimini turismo" [Torraccia heliport - Aeroclub San Marino]. riminiturismo.it (in Italian). 13 October 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2024. <a href="https://riminiturismo.it/visitatori/come-arrivare/collegamenti/aereo/eliporto-torraccia-aeroclub-san-marino" target="_blank">https://riminiturismo.it/visitatori/come-arrivare/collegamenti/aereo/eliporto-torraccia-aeroclub-san-marino</a> <a href="#fnref:146" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:147">"Chi Siamo" [Who we are]. Aeroclub San Marino (in Italian). Retrieved 1 January 2024. <a href="https://www.aeroclubsanmarino.com/chi-siamo/" target="_blank">https://www.aeroclubsanmarino.com/chi-siamo/</a> <a href="#fnref:147" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:148">Bollini, Marco (5 July 2015). "San Marino avrà un aeroporto?" [Will San Marino have an airport?]. giornalesm.com (in Italian). Retrieved 1 January 2024. <a href="https://www.giornalesm.com/san-marino-avra-aeroporto/" target="_blank">https://www.giornalesm.com/san-marino-avra-aeroporto/</a> <a href="#fnref:148" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:149">"Torraccia: da aerodromo ad aeroporto" [Torraccia: From aerodrome to airport]. San Marino RTV (in Italian). 3 July 2015. Retrieved 1 January 2024. <a href="https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/attualita-c4/torraccia-aerodromo-aeroporto-a60048" target="_blank">https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/attualita-c4/torraccia-aerodromo-aeroporto-a60048</a> <a href="#fnref:149" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:150">"Torraccia". forgottenairfields.com. 20 August 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2024. <a href="https://forgottenairfields.com/airfield-torraccia-148.html" target="_blank">https://forgottenairfields.com/airfield-torraccia-148.html</a> <a href="#fnref:150" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:151">"Chi Siamo" [Who we are]. Aeroclub San Marino (in Italian). Retrieved 1 January 2024. <a href="https://www.aeroclubsanmarino.com/chi-siamo/" target="_blank">https://www.aeroclubsanmarino.com/chi-siamo/</a> <a href="#fnref:151" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:152">"Eliporto Torraccia - Aeroclub San Marino | Rimini turismo" [Torraccia heliport - Aeroclub San Marino]. riminiturismo.it (in Italian). 13 October 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2024. <a href="https://riminiturismo.it/visitatori/come-arrivare/collegamenti/aereo/eliporto-torraccia-aeroclub-san-marino" target="_blank">https://riminiturismo.it/visitatori/come-arrivare/collegamenti/aereo/eliporto-torraccia-aeroclub-san-marino</a> <a href="#fnref:152" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:153">"Borgo Maggiore: concerto della banda "Queen Victoria" per rinnovare il gemellaggio con Zurrieq" [Borgo Maggiore: Concert by the "Queen Victoria" band to renew the twinning with Zurrieq]. San Marino RTV (in Italian). 30 August 2015. Retrieved 1 January 2024. <a href="https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/cultura-c6/borgo-maggiore-concerto-banda-queen-victoria-rinnovare-gemellaggio-zurrieq-a101024" target="_blank">https://www.sanmarinortv.sm/news/cultura-c6/borgo-maggiore-concerto-banda-queen-victoria-rinnovare-gemellaggio-zurrieq-a101024</a> <a href="#fnref:153" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:154">"Ordinanza n.189/2023" (PDF). State Secretariat for Internal Affairs. 5 September 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2024. <a href="https://www.interni.sm/pub1/InterniSM/dam/jcr:c0686586-027f-46da-97f1-8734f8161aa8/Ordinanza%20n.189-2023.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.interni.sm/pub1/InterniSM/dam/jcr:c0686586-027f-46da-97f1-8734f8161aa8/Ordinanza%20n.189-2023.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:154" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:156">"La storia del servizio elicottero a San Marino, legato alla crescita del turismo di massa" [The history of the helicopter service in San Marino, linked to the growth of mass tourism]. www.titanpostsm.com (in Italian). 5 April 2020. Archived from the original on 31 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231231160920/https://www.titanpostsm.com/1514/La%20storia%20del%20servizio%20elicottero%20a%20San%20Marino,%20legato%20alla%20crescita%20del%20turismo%20di%20massa/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20231231160920/https://www.titanpostsm.com/1514/La%20storia%20del%20servizio%20elicottero%20a%20San%20Marino,%20legato%20alla%20crescita%20del%20turismo%20di%20massa/</a> <a href="#fnref:156" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:157">"30 giugno 1961 - Inaugurata la linea di elicotteri Rimini - San Marino - San Leo" [30 June 1961 – The Rimini – San Marino – San Leo helicopter line is inaugurated]. Chiamami Città (in Italian). 29 June 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2024. <a href="https://www.chiamamicitta.it/30-giugno-1961-inaugurata-linea-elicotteri-rimini-san-marino-san-leo/" target="_blank">https://www.chiamamicitta.it/30-giugno-1961-inaugurata-linea-elicotteri-rimini-san-marino-san-leo/</a> <a href="#fnref:157" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:158">Gambetti, Nicola (5 August 2023). "Rimini - San Marino - San Leo in elicottero" [Rimini – San Marino – San Leo by helicopter]. Rimini Sparita (in Italian). Retrieved 1 January 2024. <a href="https://riminisparita.it/rimini-san-marino-san-leo-in-elicottero/" target="_blank">https://riminisparita.it/rimini-san-marino-san-leo-in-elicottero/</a> <a href="#fnref:158" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:159">"30 giugno 1961 - Inaugurata la linea di elicotteri Rimini - San Marino - San Leo" [30 June 1961 – The Rimini – San Marino – San Leo helicopter line is inaugurated]. Chiamami Città (in Italian). 29 June 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2024. <a href="https://www.chiamamicitta.it/30-giugno-1961-inaugurata-linea-elicotteri-rimini-san-marino-san-leo/" target="_blank">https://www.chiamamicitta.it/30-giugno-1961-inaugurata-linea-elicotteri-rimini-san-marino-san-leo/</a> <a href="#fnref:159" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:160">Gambetti, Nicola (5 August 2023). "Rimini - San Marino - San Leo in elicottero" [Rimini – San Marino – San Leo by helicopter]. Rimini Sparita (in Italian). Retrieved 1 January 2024. <a href="https://riminisparita.it/rimini-san-marino-san-leo-in-elicottero/" target="_blank">https://riminisparita.it/rimini-san-marino-san-leo-in-elicottero/</a> <a href="#fnref:160" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:161">"La storia del servizio elicottero a San Marino, legato alla crescita del turismo di massa" [The history of the helicopter service in San Marino, linked to the growth of mass tourism]. www.titanpostsm.com (in Italian). 5 April 2020. Archived from the original on 31 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231231160920/https://www.titanpostsm.com/1514/La%20storia%20del%20servizio%20elicottero%20a%20San%20Marino,%20legato%20alla%20crescita%20del%20turismo%20di%20massa/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20231231160920/https://www.titanpostsm.com/1514/La%20storia%20del%20servizio%20elicottero%20a%20San%20Marino,%20legato%20alla%20crescita%20del%20turismo%20di%20massa/</a> <a href="#fnref:161" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:162">"30 giugno 1961 - Inaugurata la linea di elicotteri Rimini - San Marino - San Leo" [30 June 1961 – The Rimini – San Marino – San Leo helicopter line is inaugurated]. Chiamami Città (in Italian). 29 June 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2024. <a href="https://www.chiamamicitta.it/30-giugno-1961-inaugurata-linea-elicotteri-rimini-san-marino-san-leo/" target="_blank">https://www.chiamamicitta.it/30-giugno-1961-inaugurata-linea-elicotteri-rimini-san-marino-san-leo/</a> <a href="#fnref:162" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:163">Gambetti, Nicola (5 August 2023). "Rimini - San Marino - San Leo in elicottero" [Rimini – San Marino – San Leo by helicopter]. Rimini Sparita (in Italian). Retrieved 1 January 2024. <a href="https://riminisparita.it/rimini-san-marino-san-leo-in-elicottero/" target="_blank">https://riminisparita.it/rimini-san-marino-san-leo-in-elicottero/</a> <a href="#fnref:163" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:164">Gambetti, Nicola (5 August 2023). "Rimini - San Marino - San Leo in elicottero" [Rimini – San Marino – San Leo by helicopter]. Rimini Sparita (in Italian). Retrieved 1 January 2024. <a href="https://riminisparita.it/rimini-san-marino-san-leo-in-elicottero/" target="_blank">https://riminisparita.it/rimini-san-marino-san-leo-in-elicottero/</a> <a href="#fnref:164" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:165">"30 giugno 1961 - Inaugurata la linea di elicotteri Rimini - San Marino - San Leo" [30 June 1961 – The Rimini – San Marino – San Leo helicopter line is inaugurated]. Chiamami Città (in Italian). 29 June 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2024. <a href="https://www.chiamamicitta.it/30-giugno-1961-inaugurata-linea-elicotteri-rimini-san-marino-san-leo/" target="_blank">https://www.chiamamicitta.it/30-giugno-1961-inaugurata-linea-elicotteri-rimini-san-marino-san-leo/</a> <a href="#fnref:165" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:166">Gambetti, Nicola (5 August 2023). "Rimini - San Marino - San Leo in elicottero" [Rimini – San Marino – San Leo by helicopter]. Rimini Sparita (in Italian). Retrieved 1 January 2024. <a href="https://riminisparita.it/rimini-san-marino-san-leo-in-elicottero/" target="_blank">https://riminisparita.it/rimini-san-marino-san-leo-in-elicottero/</a> <a href="#fnref:166" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:167">"30 giugno 1961 - Inaugurata la linea di elicotteri Rimini - San Marino - San Leo" [30 June 1961 – The Rimini – San Marino – San Leo helicopter line is inaugurated]. Chiamami Città (in Italian). 29 June 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2024. <a href="https://www.chiamamicitta.it/30-giugno-1961-inaugurata-linea-elicotteri-rimini-san-marino-san-leo/" target="_blank">https://www.chiamamicitta.it/30-giugno-1961-inaugurata-linea-elicotteri-rimini-san-marino-san-leo/</a> <a href="#fnref:167" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:168">"30 giugno 1961 - Inaugurata la linea di elicotteri Rimini - San Marino - San Leo" [30 June 1961 – The Rimini – San Marino – San Leo helicopter line is inaugurated]. Chiamami Città (in Italian). 29 June 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2024. <a href="https://www.chiamamicitta.it/30-giugno-1961-inaugurata-linea-elicotteri-rimini-san-marino-san-leo/" target="_blank">https://www.chiamamicitta.it/30-giugno-1961-inaugurata-linea-elicotteri-rimini-san-marino-san-leo/</a> <a href="#fnref:168" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:169">Gambetti, Nicola (5 August 2023). "Rimini - San Marino - San Leo in elicottero" [Rimini – San Marino – San Leo by helicopter]. Rimini Sparita (in Italian). Retrieved 1 January 2024. <a href="https://riminisparita.it/rimini-san-marino-san-leo-in-elicottero/" target="_blank">https://riminisparita.it/rimini-san-marino-san-leo-in-elicottero/</a> <a href="#fnref:169" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:170">Scolari, Giancarlo (21 June 2012). "Torna il treno a San Marino" [The train returns to San Marino]. Ferrovie.it (in Italian). Retrieved 3 November 2023. <a href="https://www.ferrovie.it/portale/articoli/3190" target="_blank">https://www.ferrovie.it/portale/articoli/3190</a> <a href="#fnref:170" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:172">Macina, Chiara (14 September 2015). "Il Trenino Biancazzurro: la breve vita e la fine" [The Blue and White Train: Its short life and end]. Zoomma (in Italian). Retrieved 3 November 2023. <a href="https://www.zoomma.news/il-trenino-biancazzurro-la-breve-vita-e-la-fine/" target="_blank">https://www.zoomma.news/il-trenino-biancazzurro-la-breve-vita-e-la-fine/</a> <a href="#fnref:172" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:174">Pagammo, Lussi (20 April 2019). "Il glorioso trenino bianco-azzurro riparte dall'elettromotrice 'AB-03' per unire Rimini a San Marino" [The glorious white-blue train restarts from the 'AB-03' electromotive to connect Rimini to San Marino]. Riminiduepuntozero (in Italian). Retrieved 3 November 2023. <a href="https://www.riminiduepuntozero.it/il-glorioso-trenino-bianco-azzurro-riparte-dallelettromotrice-ab-03-per-unire-rimini-a-san-marino/" target="_blank">https://www.riminiduepuntozero.it/il-glorioso-trenino-bianco-azzurro-riparte-dallelettromotrice-ab-03-per-unire-rimini-a-san-marino/</a> <a href="#fnref:174" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:175">"12 giugno 1932 - Viene inaugurata la ferrovia Rimini - San Marino" [12 June 1932: The Rimini–San Marino railway was opened]. Chiamami Città (in Italian). 12 June 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023. <a href="https://www.chiamamicitta.it/12-giugno-1932-viene-inaugurata-la-ferrovia-rimini-san-marino/" target="_blank">https://www.chiamamicitta.it/12-giugno-1932-viene-inaugurata-la-ferrovia-rimini-san-marino/</a> <a href="#fnref:175" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:176">"12 giugno 1932 - Viene inaugurata la ferrovia Rimini - San Marino" [12 June 1932: The Rimini–San Marino railway was opened]. Chiamami Città (in Italian). 12 June 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023. <a href="https://www.chiamamicitta.it/12-giugno-1932-viene-inaugurata-la-ferrovia-rimini-san-marino/" target="_blank">https://www.chiamamicitta.it/12-giugno-1932-viene-inaugurata-la-ferrovia-rimini-san-marino/</a> <a href="#fnref:176" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:179">Vilmos, Oszter (12 August 2012). "Kis ország, kis( )vasút" [Small country, small railway]. Indóház Online (in Hungarian). Retrieved 5 November 2023. <a href="https://iho.hu/hirek/kis-orszag-kis-vasut-120812" target="_blank">https://iho.hu/hirek/kis-orszag-kis-vasut-120812</a> <a href="#fnref:179" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:180">"Galleria 'Montale': ex-ferrovia Rimini-San Marino" ['Montale' Tunnel: Rimini-San Marino ex-railway]. sdaprogetti.it (in Italian). Retrieved 5 November 2023. <a href="https://www.sdaprogetti.it/it-IT/progetto/galleria" target="_blank">https://www.sdaprogetti.it/it-IT/progetto/galleria</a> <a href="#fnref:180" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:182">"Decreto Delegato 14 febbraio 2018 n.16" [Delegated decree 14 February 2018 number 16]. Grand and General Council (in Italian). 14 February 2018. Retrieved 5 November 2023. <a href="https://www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm/on-line/home/organismi-istituzionali-e-commissioni-consiliari/commissioni-consiliari-permanenti/scheda17157052.html" target="_blank">https://www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm/on-line/home/organismi-istituzionali-e-commissioni-consiliari/commissioni-consiliari-permanenti/scheda17157052.html</a> <a href="#fnref:182" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:187">"...e corre, corre, corre la locomotiva" [...And the locomotive runs, runs, runs.]. San Marino Fixing (in Italian). 17 October 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023. <a href="https://sanmarinofixing.com/2022/07/08/e-corre-corre-corre-la-locomotiva/" target="_blank">https://sanmarinofixing.com/2022/07/08/e-corre-corre-corre-la-locomotiva/</a> <a href="#fnref:187" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:206">"San Marino Historic Centre and Mount Titano". Retrieved 15 April 2023. <a href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1245/" target="_blank">https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1245/</a> <a href="#fnref:206" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:207">"MARINI, Francesco Maria". Treccani. Retrieved 26 April 2024. <a href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/francesco-maria-marini_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29/" target="_blank">https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/francesco-maria-marini_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29/</a> <a href="#fnref:207" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:208">"Little Tony". Treccani (in Italian). Retrieved 26 April 2024. <a href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/little-tony/" target="_blank">https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/little-tony/</a> <a href="#fnref:208" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:209">"Informazioni sul Teatro Nuovo" (in Italian). Archived from the original on 3 July 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120703064835/http://www.centrocongressisanmarino.sm/on-line/Home/Altresedi/TeatroNuovo.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20120703064835/http://www.centrocongressisanmarino.sm/on-line/Home/Altresedi/TeatroNuovo.html</a> <a href="#fnref:209" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:210">"Stagione teatrale sammarinese" (in Italian). Archived from the original on 12 March 2005. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050312224854/http://www.agenda.sm/uascteatro/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20050312224854/http://www.agenda.sm/uascteatro/</a> <a href="#fnref:210" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:211">"National Museums". Istituti Culturali di San Marino. Retrieved 18 September 2024. <a href="https://www.museidistato.sm/" target="_blank">https://www.museidistato.sm/</a> <a href="#fnref:211" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:212">"Museums". San Marino Site. 7 October 2014. Retrieved 18 September 2024. <a href="https://www.sanmarinosite.com/en/things-to-see/discover-museums/" target="_blank">https://www.sanmarinosite.com/en/things-to-see/discover-museums/</a> <a href="#fnref:212" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:213">"State Museum". Instituti Culturali di San Marino. Retrieved 18 November 2024. <a href="https://www.museidistato.sm/museoStato.html" target="_blank">https://www.museidistato.sm/museoStato.html</a> <a href="#fnref:213" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:214">"Mario Ferretti Exhibition". Consolato della Repubblica di San Marino in Regno Unito. 17 September 2024. Retrieved 18 November 2024. <a href="https://www.consolatosanmarino.uk/it/news/mario-ferretti-exhibition/" target="_blank">https://www.consolatosanmarino.uk/it/news/mario-ferretti-exhibition/</a> <a href="#fnref:214" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:215">Nevio and Annio Maria Matteimi The Republic of San Marino: Historical and Artistic Guide to the City and the Castles, 2011, p. 23. <a href="#fnref:215" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

San Marino open-in-new

San Marino