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Gridshell
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<h2 id="gridshell-buildings">Gridshell buildings</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Shukhov_Rotunda/ukYQYEby">Shukhov Rotunda</a> by <a href="/facts/Vladimir_Shukhov/7x9k2s88">Vladimir Shukhov</a>, 1896</li> <li>Mannheim Multihalle by <a href="/facts/Frei_Otto/tsx5rgy9">Frei Otto</a> and <a href="/facts/Arup_Group_Limited/S0LTpmIN">Arup</a> Structures 3 (many of whose team members later left to found <a href="/facts/Buro_Happold/3hma5V6f">Buro Happold</a>), a very large exhibition space constructed in 1975.</li> <li>Japan Pavilion, <a href="/facts/Expo_2000/l0Nztz0F">Expo 2000</a>, by Frei Otto, <a href="/facts/Buro_Happold/3hma5V6f">Buro Happold</a>, <a href="/facts/Shigeru_Ban/0N6y9mRn">Shigeru Ban</a> and SONOCO, a gridshell of circular paper tubes <a href="http://www.designboom.com/history/ban_expo.html">[1]</a>, 2000.</li> <li>Flimwell Woodland Enterprise Centre Modular Gridshell <a href="http://vs2.i-dat.org/unstructured02/eco3.html">[2]</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070127124456/http://vs2.i-dat.org/unstructured02/eco3.html">Archived</a> 2007-01-27 at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a> by Feilden Clegg and <a href="/facts/Atelier_One/8eFf2CnR">Atelier One</a>, 2000.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Weald_%26_Downland_Open_Air_Museum/5QNcrt8T">Weald & Downland Open Air Museum</a> by <a href="/facts/Buro_Happold/3hma5V6f">Buro Happold</a> and Edward Cullinan architects, a two-layer wooden gridshell, and the first gridshell constructed in the UK, 2002.</li> <li>Pishwanton Hand-Built Gridshell <a href="http://vs2.i-dat.org/unstructured02/eco4.html">[3]</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070127124506/http://vs2.i-dat.org/unstructured02/eco4.html">Archived</a> 2007-01-27 at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a> by David Tasker and Christopher Day, 2002.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Helsinki_Zoo/DoRCYsx3">Helsinki Zoo</a> viewing platform by Ville Hara, 2003</li> <li><a href="/facts/Savill_Building/BbWHs4Qs">Savill Building</a> in <a href="/facts/Windsor_Great_Park/S24LKxhu">Windsor Great Park</a> by <a href="/facts/Buro_Happold/3hma5V6f">Buro Happold</a> and Glenn Howells Architects, a large four-layer wooden gridshell, 2006.</li> <li><a href="http://www.cmmkm.com/gallery.php?category=gridshell&work=1">Courtyard roofing of rural villa</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130710212917/http://www.cmmkm.com/gallery.php?category=gridshell&work=1">Archived</a> 2013-07-10 at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a>, Ostuni, Italy, by <a href="http://www.cmmkm.com/index.php">cmmkm architettura e design</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120504180337/http://www.cmmkm.com/index.php">Archived</a> 2012-05-04 at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a>, Roberto Ruggiero, Alfonso Petta, Felice Grasso and Fabio Figlia, 2007.</li> <li><a href="http://www.cmmkm.com/gallery.php?category=gridshell&work=3">Masseria Ospitale's terrace roofing</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150104210736/http://www.cmmkm.com/gallery.php?category=gridshell&work=3">Archived</a> 2015-01-04 at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a>, Lecce, Italy, by <a href="http://www.cmmkm.com/index.php">cmmkm architettura e design</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120504180337/http://www.cmmkm.com/index.php">Archived</a> 2012-05-04 at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a> with Bernardino D'Amico and Filomena Nigro, 2010.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Centre_Pompidou-Metz/KNv3MukW">Centre Pompidou-Metz</a> by Shigeru Ban and <a href="/facts/Arup_Group_Limited/S0LTpmIN">Arup</a>, 2010.</li> <li>Solidays 2011 Gridshell <a href="https://vimeo.com/31341461">[4]</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.gridshell.it/gridshell_napoli/">Gridshell pavilion for Naples School of Architecture courtyard</a> by <a href="http://andreafio.re">Andrea Fiore</a>, Daniele Lancia, Sergio Pone, Sofia Colabella, Bianca Parenti, with Bernardino D'Amico (Structural Consultant) and Francesco Portioli (Structural Consultant), 2012.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a></li> <li><a href="http://www.gridshell.it/gridshell_selinunte/">Pavilion in Selinunte’s archeological site</a> by <a href="http://www.cmmkm.com">cmmkm architettura e design</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221209150704/http://www.cmmkm.com/">Archived</a> 2022-12-09 at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a> and arch. Bernardino D’amico, <a href="http://andreafio.re">arch. Andrea Fiore</a> and arch. Daniele Lancia, 2012</li> <li><a href="http://archinect.com/features/article/75126636/student-works-singapore-university-of-technology-and-design-library-pavilion">SUTD Library Pavilion</a>, Singapore, by <a href="http://cityform.mit.edu/">SUTD City Form Lab</a> and engineers at <a href="http://www.arup.com/">ARUP Singapore</a>, 2013.</li> <li><a href="http://www.archdaily.com/889335/bamboo-amphitheater-space-structure-bambutec-design">Bamboo amphitheater space structure</a>, PUC Rio de Janeiro, by <a href="http://bambutec.com.br/">Bambutec</a>, 2014.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Crossrail_Place/nlCt7H73">Crossrail Place</a>, London, by <a href="/facts/Foster_%2B_Partners/MmrXRynn">Foster + Partners</a>, 2015.</li> <li><a href="https://www.tekniskamuseet.se/upplev/utstallningar/wisdome/">Wisdome</a>, Stockholm, 2022.</li></ul> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Tensile_structure/MUlT2xgs">Tensile structure</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Stretched_grid_method/UIABQ1hP">Stretched grid method</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Thin-shell_structure/16anWhxb">Thin-shell structure</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Lamella_(structure)/ouWj4ElG">Lamella (structure)</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Geodesic_dome/XmHEPKmK">Geodesic dome</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Hyperboloid_structure/xVfUDnhV">Hyperboloid structure</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Buckminster_Fuller/fLvx87hc">Buckminster Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Norman_Foster,_Baron_Foster_of_Thames_Bank/G3StsbXt">Norman Foster</a></li></ul> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2> <ul><li>Chilton, John; Gabriel, Tang (2016). <i>Timber Gridshells: Architecture, Structure and Craft</i>. Routledge. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1138775305.</li> <li>"Grid Shells", B. Burkhardt, J. Hennicke, F. Otto, "IL", 1974, n. 10.</li> <li>"Timber lattice roof for Mannheim Bundesgartenschau", E. Happold, W.I. Liddell, in "The Structural Engineer" 1975, n.3 vol. 53.</li> <li>"Finding Form", F. Otto, B. Rash, Edition Alex Menges, Stuttgart, 1995</li> <li>"The Structural Engineering of the Downland Gridshell", R. Harris, O. Kelly, in G.A.R. Park, P. Disney, "Space Structure 5", vol. 1, MPG Books, Cornwall, 2002.</li> <li>"The Downland Grid Shell Innovative timber design", M. Dickson, R. Harris, in "The Royal Academy of Engineering Publication", n.18, 2004</li> <li>"The Savill Garden Gridshell Design and construction", R. Harris, S. Haskins, J. Roynon, in "The Structural Engineer", n.17, vol 86, 2008</li> <li>"Design of Timber Gridded shell Structures", R, Harris, in "Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Structures and Buildings", n. 164 (2) 2011</li> <li>"Gridshell. I gusci a graticcio in legno tra innovazione e sperimentazione", S. Pone, Alinea, Firenze 2012</li> <li>"<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324482769_Elastic_Gridshell">Modeling of bending and torsion couplings in active bending structure: application to the design of elastic gridshells</a>", L. du Peloux, PhD thesis, 2017</li> <li>"<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/302921254_Construction_of_a_Large_Composite_Gridshell_Structure_A_Lightweight_Structure_Made_with_Pultruded_Glass_Fibre_Reinforced_Polymer_Tubes/citations">Construction of a Large Composite Gridshell Structure: A Lightweight Structure Made with Pultruded Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Tubes</a>", L. du Peloux, F. Tayeb, O. Baverel, JF. Caron, Structural Engineering International 26(2):160-167, 2016</li> <li>"<a href="https://ntnuopen.ntnu.no/ntnu-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2359515/GitterskalManual.pdf?">Gridshell Manual</a>", S.H. Dyvik,J.H. Mork, Master thesis, 2015</li> <li>"<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320226307_Active_Bending_and_Tensile_Pantographic_Bamboo_Hybrid_Amphitheater_Structure/">Active bending and Tensile Pantographic Bamboo Hybrid Amphitheater Structure</a>", M. Seixas, J. Bina, P. Stoffel, J.L.M. Ripper, L.E. Moreira, K. Ghavami, Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures, Vol. 58 n. 193, 2017</li> <li>"<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354825303_Form_Finding_and_Analysis_of_an_Active_Bending-Pantographic_Bamboo_Space_Structure/">Form Finding and Analysis of an Active Bending-Pantographic Bamboo Space Structure</a>", M. Seixas, L.E. Moreira, P. Stoffel, J. Bina, Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures, Vol. 62 n. 209, 2021</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://www.architectureweek.com/2003/0129/building_2-2.html">Cullinan Throws a Curve</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060628063659/http://www.architectureweek.com/2003/0129/building_2-2.html">Archived</a> 2006-06-28 at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.gridshell.it">www.gridshell.it</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.buildingforafuture.co.uk/winter02/gridshell_building.pdf">Lothian Gridshell</a></li> <li><a href="http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/39277/170977058.pdf;jsessionid=14135EBAD5607E7D0B3EFA0D27842C0D?sequence=1">Past and Future of Grid Shell Structures</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Rotunda of the Panrussian Exposition". International Database and Gallery of Structures. Nicolas Janburg, ICS. 2007. Retrieved 2007-11-28. <a href="http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0000385" target="_blank">http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0000385</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Timber Lattice Roof for the Mannheim Bundesgartenschau" Happold, E & Liddel, W.I. The Structural Engineer, March 1975, Volume 3, Number 53." <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Gridshell. I gusci a graticcio in legno tra innovazione e sperimentazione". Alinea Firenze. Sergio Pone, ICS. 2012. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help) <a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" target="_blank">/wiki/Template:Cite_web</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>