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Lathyrus
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<h2 id="species">Species</h2> <p>181 species are currently accepted.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p> <ul><li><i>Lathyrus acutifolius</i> Vogel</li> <li><i>Lathyrus alamutensis</i> Mozaff., Ahavazi & Charkhch.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus alpestris</i> (Waldst. & Kit.) Kit.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus amphicarpos</i> L.</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_angulatus/IILyuvFA">Lathyrus angulatus</a></i> L. – angled pea</li> <li><i>Lathyrus anhuiensis</i> Y.J.Zhu & R.X.Meng</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_annuus/B7y9A3bB">Lathyrus annuus</a></i> L. – red fodder pea</li> <li><i>Lathyrus apenninus</i> F.Conti</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_aphaca/gPUPqVPm">Lathyrus aphaca</a></i> L. – yellow pea</li> <li><i>Lathyrus armenus</i> (Boiss. & A.Huet) Čelak.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus articulatus</i> L.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus atropatanus</i> (Grossh.) Širj.</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_aureus/WBNyQTlM">Lathyrus aureus</a></i> (G.Lodd. ex Drapiez) D.Brândză – golden pea</li> <li><i>Lathyrus basalticus</i> Rech.f.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus bauhini</i> P.A.Genty</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_belinensis/n2tzGefp">Lathyrus belinensis</a></i> Maxted & Goyder</li> <li><i>Lathyrus berteroanus</i> Colla</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_biflorus/EnD3zNRl">Lathyrus biflorus</a></i> T.W.Nelson & J.P.Nelson – twoflower pea</li> <li><i>Lathyrus bijugus</i> Boiss. & Noë – drypark pea</li> <li><i>Lathyrus binatus</i> Pančić</li> <li><i>Lathyrus bitlisicus</i> Peşmen & Güner</li> <li><i>Lathyrus blepharicarpos</i> Boiss. – ciliate vetchling</li> <li><i>Lathyrus boissieri</i> Širj.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus brachycalyx</i> Rydb. – Bonneville pea</li> <li><i>Lathyrus brachyodon</i> Murb.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus brachypterus</i> Čelak.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus brownii</i> Eastw.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus cabrerianus</i> Burkart</li> <li><i>Lathyrus campestris</i> Phil.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus cassius</i> Boiss.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus caudatus</i> C.F.Wei & H.P.Tsui</li> <li><i>Lathyrus chloranthus</i> Boiss. & Balansa</li> <li><i>Lathyrus chrysanthus</i> Boiss.</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_cicera/CrX182r8">Lathyrus cicera</a></i> L. – red pea</li> <li><i>Lathyrus ciliatidentatus</i> Czefr.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus cilicicus</i> Hayek & Siehe</li> <li><i>Lathyrus ciliolatus</i> Sam. ex Rech.f.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus cirpicii</i> Güneş</li> <li><i>Lathyrus cirrhosus</i> Ser.</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_clymenum/9tNyG5QD">Lathyrus clymenum</a></i> L. – Spanish vetchling</li> <li><i>Lathyrus colchicus</i> Lipsky</li> <li><i>Lathyrus crassipes</i> Gillies ex Hook. & Arn. – <i>arvejilla</i></li> <li><i>Lathyrus cyaneus</i> (Steven) K.Koch</li> <li><i>Lathyrus czeczottianus</i> Bässler</li> <li><i>Lathyrus davidii</i> Hance</li> <li><i>Lathyrus decaphyllus</i> Pursh – prairie vetchling</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_delnorticus/eUcnk2dg">Lathyrus delnorticus</a></i> C.L.Hitchc. – Del Norte pea</li> <li><i>Lathyrus dielsianus</i> Harms</li> <li><i>Lathyrus digitatus</i> (M.Bieb.) Fiori</li> <li><i>Lathyrus elegans</i> Vogel</li> <li><i>Lathyrus elongatus</i> (Bornm.) Širj.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus emodi</i> (Wall. ex Fritsch) Fritsch ex T.Durand & B.D.Jacks.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus eucosmus</i> Butters & H.St.John – seemly vetchling, bush vetchling</li> <li><i>Lathyrus filiformis</i> (Lam.) J.Gay</li> <li><i>Lathyrus fissus</i> Ball</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_formosus/3cm5AYsV">Lathyrus formosus</a></i> (Steven) Kenicer – Vavilovia</li> <li><i>Lathyrus frolovii</i> Fisch. ex Rupr.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus fulvus</i> (Sm.) Kosterin</li> <li><i>Lathyrus glandulosus</i> Broich</li> <li><i>Lathyrus gloeosperma</i> Warb. & Eig</li> <li><i>Lathyrus gmelinii</i> (Fisch. ex Ser.) Fritsch</li> <li><i>Lathyrus golanensis</i> O.Cohen & Plitmann</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_gorgoni/nugjUl7R">Lathyrus gorgoni</a></i> Parl.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus graminifolius</i> (S.Watson) T.G.White – grassleaf pea</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_grandiflorus/mNCD4NWq">Lathyrus grandiflorus</a></i> Sm. – twoflower everlasting pea</li> <li><i>Lathyrus grimesii</i> Barneby – Grimes' pea</li> <li><i>Lathyrus hallersteinii</i> Baumg.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus hasslerianus</i> Burkart</li> <li><i>Lathyrus heterophyllus</i> L. – Norfolk everlasting pea</li> <li><i>Lathyrus hierosolymitanus</i> Boiss.</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_hirsutus/AunDaWvs">Lathyrus hirsutus</a></i> L. – hairy vetchling</li> <li><i>Lathyrus hirticarpus</i> Mattatia & Heyn</li> <li><i>Lathyrus hitchcockianus</i> Barneby & Reveal – Bullfrog Mountain pea</li> <li><i>Lathyrus holochlorus</i> (Piper) C.L.Hitchc. – thinleaf pea</li> <li><i>Lathyrus hookeri</i> G.Don</li> <li><i>Lathyrus humilis</i> (Ser.) Fisch. ex Spreng.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus hygrophilus</i> Taub.</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_inconspicuus/2LfMAUIb">Lathyrus inconspicuus</a></i> L.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus incurvus</i> (Roth) Willd.</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_japonicus/J0KFpMey">Lathyrus japonicus</a></i> Willd. – sea pea, beach pea</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_jepsonii/u2tXISzw">Lathyrus jepsonii</a></i> Greene – delta tule pea</li> <li><i>Lathyrus karsianus</i> P.H.Davis</li> <li><i>Lathyrus ketzkhovelii</i> Avazneli</li> <li><i>Lathyrus komarovii</i> Ohwi</li> <li><i>Lathyrus krylovii</i> Serg.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus laetivirens</i> Greene ex Rydb. – aspen pea</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_laevigatus/1gxGnXFF">Lathyrus laevigatus</a></i> (Waldst. & Kit.) Gren.</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_lanszwertii/WrxvTaUC">Lathyrus lanszwertii</a></i> Kellogg – Nevada pea <ul><li><i>Lathyrus lanszwertii</i> var. <i>aridus</i> (Piper) Jeps.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus lanszwertii</i> var. <i>arizonicus</i> (Britton) S.L.Welsh</li> <li><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_lanszwertii_var._bijugatus/m5SbWWHo"><i>Lathyrus lanszwertii</i> var. <i>bijugatus</i></a> (T.G.White) Broich – drypark pea</li> <li><i>Lathyrus lanszwertii</i> var. <i>lanszwertii</i></li> <li><i>Lathyrus lanszwertii</i> var. <i>pallescens</i> Barneby</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_latifolius/5vE10Nnl">Lathyrus latifolius</a></i> L. – everlasting pea, perennial pea</li> <li><i>Lathyrus laxiflorus</i> (Desf.) Kuntze</li> <li><i>Lathyrus lentiformis</i> Plitmann</li> <li><i>Lathyrus leptophyllus</i> M.Bieb.</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_libani/vTgPAyBn">Lathyrus libani</a></i> Fritsch – Lebanon vetchling</li> <li><i>Lathyrus linearifolius</i> Vogel</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_linifolius/c9BMHUCF">Lathyrus linifolius</a></i> (Reichard) Bässler – bitter vetch, heath pea</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_littoralis/dwrWszGj">Lathyrus littoralis</a></i> (Nutt.) Endl. ex Walp. – silky beach pea</li> <li><i>Lathyrus lomanus</i> I.M.Johnst.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus lycicus</i> Boiss. & Heldr.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus macropus</i> Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus macrostachys</i> Vogel</li> <li><i>Lathyrus magellanicus</i> Lam.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus marmoratus</i> Boiss. & Balansa</li> <li><i>Lathyrus meridensis</i> Pittier</li> <li><i>Lathyrus miniatus</i> M.Bieb. ex Steven</li> <li><i>Lathyrus mulkak</i> Lipsky</li> <li><i>Lathyrus multiceps</i> Clos</li> <li><i>Lathyrus multijugus</i> (Ledeb.) Czefr.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus nervosus</i> Lam. – Lord Anson's blue pea</li> <li><i>Lathyrus neurolobus</i> Boiss. & Heldr.</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_nevadensis/2LoEznDN">Lathyrus nevadensis</a></i> S.Watson – Sierra pea</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_niger/9jqKdFEg">Lathyrus niger</a></i> (L.) Bernh. – black pea</li> <li><i>Lathyrus nigrivalvis</i> Burkart</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_nissolia/ebjHVP8z">Lathyrus nissolia</a></i> L. – grass vetchling</li> <li><i>Lathyrus nitens</i> Vogel</li> <li><i>Lathyrus nivalis</i> Hand.-Mazz.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus numidicus</i> Batt.</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_ochroleucus/EyfsqloF">Lathyrus ochroleucus</a></i> Hook. – cream pea</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_ochrus/GBfvWKaU">Lathyrus ochrus</a></i> (L.) DC. – Cyprus-vetch</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_odoratus/pt59WT6N">Lathyrus odoratus</a></i> L. – sweet pea</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Pea/hlndxpId">Lathyrus oleraceus</a></i> Lam. – pea</li> <li><i>Lathyrus pallescens</i> (M.Bieb.) K.Koch</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_palustris/z3YBV7Kg">Lathyrus palustris</a></i> L. – marsh pea</li> <li><i>Lathyrus pancicii</i> (Jurišić) Adamović</li> <li><i>Lathyrus pannonicus</i> (Jacq.) Garcke</li> <li><i>Lathyrus paraguariensis</i> Hassl.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus paranensis</i> Burkart</li> <li><i>Lathyrus parodii</i> Burkart</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_pauciflorus/jYVY8pBr">Lathyrus pauciflorus</a></i> Fernald – fewflower pea</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_pisiformis/HUwx8YjJ">Lathyrus pisiformis</a></i> L.</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_polyphyllus/6uUp0T84">Lathyrus polyphyllus</a></i> Nutt. – leafy pea</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_pratensis/25AVGtdJ">Lathyrus pratensis</a></i> L. – meadow vetchling</li> <li><i>Lathyrus pseudocicera</i> Pamp.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus pubescens</i> Hook. & Arn.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus pusillus</i> Elliott – tiny pea, singletary vetchling</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_pygmaeus/KNwKuR34">Lathyrus pygmaeus</a></i> Gomb.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus quinquenervius</i> (Miq.) Litv.</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_rigidus/fSH7UJqk">Lathyrus rigidus</a></i> T.G.White – stiff pea</li> <li><i>Lathyrus roseus</i> Small</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_rotundifolius/MoHQVyVQ">Lathyrus rotundifolius</a></i> Willd.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus satdaghensis</i> P.H.Davis</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_sativus/HUtmw2uR">Lathyrus sativus</a></i> L. – Indian pea, white pea, chickling vetch</li> <li><i>Lathyrus saxatilis</i> (Vent.) Vis.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus sericeus</i> Lam.</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_setifolius/zpSaWeIf">Lathyrus setifolius</a></i> L.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus spathulatus</i> Čelak.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus speciosus</i> G.Don</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_sphaericus/D1zhcmK5">Lathyrus sphaericus</a></i> Retz. – grass pea</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_splendens/46LWFkwq">Lathyrus splendens</a></i> Kellogg – pride of California</li> <li><i>Lathyrus stenolobus</i> Boiss.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus stenophyllus</i> Boiss. & Heldr.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus subandinus</i> Phil.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus subulatus</i> Lam.</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_sulphureus/SDGF216g">Lathyrus sulphureus</a></i> W.H.Brewer ex A.Gray – snub pea</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_sylvestris/QX1WVjWo">Lathyrus sylvestris</a></i> L. – flat pea</li> <li><i>Lathyrus tauricola</i> P.H.Davis</li> <li><i>Lathyrus tefennicus</i> Genç & Sahin</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_tingitanus/Wql6MzmX">Lathyrus tingitanus</a></i> L. – Tangier pea</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_torreyi/pDkUpqIr">Lathyrus torreyi</a></i> A.Gray – Torrey's peavine</li> <li><i>Lathyrus × tournefortii</i> (Lapeyr.) A.W.Hill</li> <li><i>Lathyrus trachycarpus</i> (Boiss.) Boiss.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus tracyi</i> Bradshaw</li> <li><i>Lathyrus transsylvanicus</i> (Spreng.) Rchb.f.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus tremolsianus</i> Pau</li> <li><i>Lathyrus tropicalandinus</i> Burkart</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_tuberosus/e5vG3ERR">Lathyrus tuberosus</a></i> L. – tuberous pea</li> <li><i>Lathyrus tukhtensis</i> Czeczott</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_undulatus/EFxug1MH">Lathyrus undulatus</a></i> Boiss. – wavy pea</li> <li><i>Lathyrus vaniotii</i> H.Lév. – Korean mountain vetchling<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></li> <li><i>Lathyrus venetus</i> (Mill.) Wohlf.</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_venosus/4Y0Q7vjS">Lathyrus venosus</a></i> Muhl. ex Willd. – veiny pea, bushy vetchling</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_vernus/WS4Q3Kmc">Lathyrus vernus</a></i> (L.) Bernh. – spring pea</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Lathyrus_vestitus/AGffct0j">Lathyrus vestitus</a></i> Nutt. – Pacific pea</li> <li><i>Lathyrus vinealis</i> Boiss. & Noë</li> <li><i>Lathyrus vivantii</i> P.Monts.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus whitei</i> Kupicha</li> <li><i>Lathyrus woronowii</i> Bornm.</li> <li><i>Lathyrus zalaghensis</i> Andr.</li></ul> <h2 id="ecology">Ecology</h2> <p><i>Lathyrus</i> species are used as food plants by the <a href="/facts/Larva/GKo2FIew">larvae</a> of some <a href="/facts/Lepidoptera/yPFPsQmL">Lepidoptera</a> species, including the <a href="/facts/Grey_chi/M1KE8CSE">grey chi</a> (<i>Antitype chi</i>) and the <a href="/facts/Latticed_heath/YTMCBAXb">latticed heath</a> (<i>Chiasmia clathrata</i>), both recorded on <a href="/facts/Lathyrus_pratensis/25AVGtdJ">meadow vetchling</a> (<i>Lathyrus pratensis</i>), and <i><a href="/facts/Chionodes_braunella/yCDDPlTQ">Chionodes braunella</a></i>. <i>Lathyrus</i> growth abundance and size both decrease in response to increased temperatures in montane meadows.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="uses">Uses</h2> <p>Several species are grown for food, including the <a href="/facts/Pea/hlndxpId">pea</a> (<i>Lathyrus oleraceus</i>), <a href="/facts/Lathyrus_sativus/HUtmw2uR">Indian pea</a> (<i>L. sativus</i>), and the <a href="/facts/Lathyrus_cicera/CrX182r8">red pea</a> (<i>L. cicera</i>), and less commonly <a href="/facts/Lathyrus_ochrus/GBfvWKaU">cyprus-vetch</a> (<i>L. ochrus</i>) and <a href="/facts/Fava_Santorinis/9tNyG5QD">Spanish vetchling</a> (<i>L. clymenum</i>). The <a href="/facts/Lathyrus_tuberosus/e5vG3ERR">tuberous pea</a> (<i>L. tuberosus</i>) is grown as a <a href="/facts/Root_vegetable/sRIp07x9">root vegetable</a> for its starchy edible <a href="/facts/Tuber/wGw2Sbag">tuber</a>. The <a href="/facts/Seed/a4xGSLxJ">seeds</a> of some <i>Lathyrus</i> species contain the toxic <a href="/facts/Amino_acid/WDxYwBny">amino acid</a> <a href="/facts/Oxalyldiaminopropionic_acid/BV3q2mDl">oxalyldiaminopropionic acid</a> and if eaten in large quantities can cause <a href="/facts/Lathyrism/TU4KxYjM">lathyrism</a>, a serious disease.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> </p><p>Many species are cultivated as garden plants. The genus includes the garden <a href="/facts/Sweet_pea/pt59WT6N">sweet pea</a> (<i>Lathyrus odoratus</i>) and the <a href="/facts/Perennial_plant/MQ3NvAUW">perennial</a> <a href="/facts/Lathyrus_latifolius/5vE10Nnl">everlasting pea</a> (<i>Lathyrus latifolius</i>). <a href="/facts/Flower/7gI5Kefw">Flowers</a> on these cultivated species may be rose, red, maroon, pink, white, yellow, purple or blue, and some are bicolored. They are also grown for their fragrance. Cultivated species are susceptible to <a href="/facts/Fungus/BHo5DP59">fungal</a> infections including <a href="/facts/Downy_mildew/IDpEbpdQ">downy</a> and <a href="/facts/Powdery_mildew/qAl00hYE">powdery mildew</a>. </p> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li> Media related to Lathyrus at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a href="http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/specieslist.cgi?where-genus=Lathyrus">Calflora Database: <i>Lathyrus</i> species index</a></li> <li><a href="http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_IJM.pl?key=9364">Jepson Flora Project: Key to <i>Lathyrus</i></a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607 <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"genus Lathyrus". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) online database. Retrieved 10 March 2017. <a href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomygenus?id=6554" target="_blank">https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomygenus?id=6554</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Asmussen, C. B; A. Liston. (March 1998). "Chloroplast DNA characters, phylogeny, and classification of Lathyrus (Fabaceae)". American Journal of Botany. 85 (3): 387–401. doi:10.2307/2446332. JSTOR 2446332. PMID 21684923. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2446332" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2446332</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Fred, Edwin Broun; Baldwin, Ira Lawrence; McCoy, Elizabeth (1932). Root Nodule Bacteria and Leguminous Plants. UW-Madison Libraries Parallel Press. p. 142. ISBN 978-1-893311-28-2. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) <a href="978-1-893311-28-2" target="_blank">978-1-893311-28-2</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Gledhill, David (2008). "The Names of Plants". Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521866453 (hardback), ISBN 9780521685535 (paperback). pp 304 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Lathyrus L. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 9 August 2023. <a href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30005985-2" target="_blank">https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30005985-2</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>GRIN Species Records of Lathyrus. Archived 2008-10-14 at the Wayback Machine Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). <a href="https://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?6554" target="_blank">https://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?6554</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 511. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 22 December 2016 – via Korea Forest Service. <a href="978-89-97450-98-5" target="_blank">978-89-97450-98-5</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>de Valpine, Perry; Harte, John (1 March 2001). "Plant Responses to Experimental Warming in a Montane Meadow". Ecology. 82 (3): 637–648. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[0637:PRTEWI]2.0.CO;2. <a href="https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082%5b0637:PRTEWI%5d2.0.CO;2" target="_blank">https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082%5b0637:PRTEWI%5d2.0.CO;2</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Barrow, M. V.; et al. (1974). "Lathyrism: A Review". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 49 (2): 101–128. doi:10.1086/408017. JSTOR 2820941. PMID 4601279. S2CID 33451792. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>