Christian Lindner

<h2 id="early-life-and-education">Early life and education</h2>
Christian Lindner was born in <a href="/facts/Wuppertal/ey5KPmGU">Wuppertal</a>, <a href="/facts/West_Germany/oCydk787">West Germany</a>. His father Wolfgang Lindner is a teacher of mathematics and <a href="/facts/Computer_science/lN3pEyPz">computer science</a> at the Städtisches Gymnasium in <a href="/facts/Wermelskirchen/mVq77Pb5">Wermelskirchen</a>.
After graduating from <a href="/facts/Gymnasium_(school)/BeRd2HWT">Gymnasium</a> in 1998 and an <a href="/facts/Zivildienst/Q245TfGT">alternative civilian service</a>, Christian Lindner studied political science at the <a href="/facts/University_of_Bonn/PpaE8Xvf">University of Bonn</a> from 1999 to 2006.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a> After eleven semesters he acquired the academic degree of <a href="/facts/Magister_degree/GD7KqXdc">Magister Artium</a> (M.A). In his master's thesis at the Institute of Political Science, he dealt with the topic: "Tax competition and revenue sharing. Can the financial constitution be reformed?"<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a> In 2006, he began writing his dissertation under supervision from political science professor Frank Decker, which he has so far not completed due to his political activities.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a>
While studying, Lindner became a reserve officer in the <a href="/facts/German_Air_Force/ayXl2F4g">German Air Force</a>. In 2002, he was promoted to First Lieutenant (<a href="/facts/Oberleutnant/sQ8aCVnu">Oberleutnant</a>) in the Reserve. In 2008 he was a <a href="/facts/Liaison_officer/zjgH0WLE">liaison officer</a> to the state command Landeskommando of the state of <a href="/facts/North_Rhine-Westphalia/0QmCWxjo">North Rhine-Westphalia</a> in Düsseldorf. Since September 2011 he has held the rank of Captain (<a href="/facts/Hauptmann/r0HMDzaR">Hauptmann</a>) in the Reserve.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a> Currently, Lindner is a <a href="/facts/Major_(Germany)/2ILvz87w">Major</a> in the Air Force.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a>

<h2 id="early-political-career">Early political career</h2>
Lindner joined the FDP in 1995.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a> He has been a member of the executive board of the FDP in the state of <a href="/facts/North_Rhine-Westphalia/0QmCWxjo">North Rhine-Westphalia</a> since 1998 and became Secretary General in 2004 (until February 2010).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a> At the <a href="/facts/2000_North_Rhine-Westphalia_state_election/MQJFjkkY">May 2000 election</a> for the <a href="/facts/Landtag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia/rSSR800M">Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia</a>, the 21-year old Lindner was elected, becoming the youngest MP in the history of the state parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a> Lindner was from 2000 initially 'spokesman for Intergenerational Affairs, Family and Integration' and then from 2005 to 2009 was also vice chairman of the FDP parliamentary group in the parliament and spokesman for Innovation, Science and Technology. In 2007 he also became a member of the federal executive board of the FDP.
From 2009 Lindner was a member of the German Bundestag. In the negotiations to form a <a href="/facts/Coalition_government/AvBSARsj">coalition government</a> following the <a href="/facts/2009_German_federal_election/lSYB8ME0">2009 federal elections</a>, he was part of the FDP delegation in the working group on families, integration of immigrants and culture, led by <a href="/facts/Maria_B%25C3%25B6hmer/th4hyyp3">Maria Böhmer</a> and Hans-Joachim Otto.
From December 2009 until his surprise resignation<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a> in December 2011, Lindner was also Secretary General of the FDP on federal level, largely under the leadership of party chairman <a href="/facts/Guido_Westerwelle/uB1uoHUa">Guido Westerwelle</a> and later under <a href="/facts/Philipp_R%25C3%25B6sler/XYA9qRUE">Philipp Rösler</a> when Westerwelle had to resign.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a> Lindner's resignation was caused by an internal party vote which had been forced by a group centered around the <a href="/facts/Eurosceptic/0AQuWP5U">Eurosceptic</a> FDP parliamentarian <a href="/facts/Frank_Sch%25C3%25A4ffler/CCBVpP7F">Frank Schäffler</a> to determine the FDP's future course on questions pertaining to the <a href="/facts/European_Stability_Mechanism/IAVjD4dM">European Stability Mechanism</a> (ESM).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a>
Lindner was later chosen to chair the North Rhine-Westphalian FDP in the <a href="/facts/2012_North_Rhine-Westphalia_state_election/cjr8z2D8">2012 state election</a> of <a href="/facts/North_Rhine-Westphalia/0QmCWxjo">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>, succeeding <a href="/facts/Daniel_Bahr/6yoMbAky">Daniel Bahr</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a> In the election, the FDP received 8.6% of the vote,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a> surpassing all expectations at the time as the party had been fighting over all the country to reach the minimum representation of 5% for years and was losing representation in several states.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a> Following the party's victory at that election he was elected Parliamentary leader of the FDP in the North Rhine-Westphalian Landtag, succeeding Gerhard Papke on 15 May 2012, and worked in the opposition. In March 2013, he was elected one of Rösler's deputies, alongside <a href="/facts/Sabine_Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger/VK8HdFB2">Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger</a> and <a href="/facts/Holger_Zastrow/6hnqndBg">Holger Zastrow</a>.

<h2 id="fdp-chairman">FDP Chairman</h2>
Lindner was elected the new chairman of the FDP following the resignation of Chairman <a href="/facts/Philipp_R%25C3%25B6sler/XYA9qRUE">Philipp Rösler</a> after the <a href="/facts/2013_German_federal_election/DunM1rWs">2013 German federal elections</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a> in which the FDP failed to clear the 5% hurdle to enter the Bundestag for the first time since 1949.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a>
Ahead of the <a href="/facts/2014_European_Parliament_election/qCUdQu5C">2014 European elections</a>, Lindner and Dutch Prime Minister <a href="/facts/Mark_Rutte/t8HUcp6n">Mark Rutte</a> served as 'mediators' between <a href="/facts/Olli_Rehn/zChcAc4k">Olli Rehn</a> and <a href="/facts/Guy_Verhofstadt/zXoFkAm0">Guy Verhofstadt</a>, the <a href="/facts/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe/rMB85bKR">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe</a>'s candidates for the <a href="/facts/President_of_the_European_Commission/b6H0Yf26">presidency</a> of the <a href="/facts/European_Commission/Cc5JgbEI">European Commission</a>;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a> eventually, the candidates agreed to jointly lead the ALDE's campaign for elections, with Verhofstadt running to succeed <a href="/facts/Jos%25C3%25A9_Manuel_Barroso/JUbNabsJ">José Manuel Barroso</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a> At the time, Lindner was widely regarded to support Rehn.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a>
Lindner was a FDP delegate to the <a href="/facts/Federal_Convention_(Germany)/CVzSM0w0">Federal Convention</a> for the purpose of electing the <a href="/facts/President_of_Germany/alla2gvH">President of Germany</a> in 2017, where he endorsed the government's candidate <a href="/facts/Frank-Walter_Steinmeier/3PjkeHyd">Frank-Walter Steinmeier</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a> That same year, he led his party's successful campaign for the <a href="/facts/2017_North_Rhine-Westphalia_state_election/DkoAa9Ww">2017 state elections</a> of <a href="/facts/North_Rhine-Westphalia/0QmCWxjo">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>, which resulted in the FDP joining the state government of incoming <a href="/facts/List_of_Ministers-President_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia/xQKuMCAV">Minister-President</a> <a href="/facts/Armin_Laschet/T0gJaVnH">Armin Laschet</a>. Lindner himself did not take a position in the new government because of his aim to lead the FDP back to the Bundestag in September 2017.

<h2 id="return-to-the-bundestag">Return to the Bundestag</h2>
In the <a href="/facts/2017_German_federal_election/4mwh3jlb">2017 German federal election</a>, Lindner led the FDP to achieve a result of 10.7%. After that success he was elected leader of the FDP parliamentary group in the Bundestag.
In October 2017, <a href="/facts/Angela_Merkel/n7jjpybM">Angela Merkel</a>'s CDU and <a href="/facts/Katrin_G%25C3%25B6ring-Eckardt/uXMKMlfY">Katrin Göring-Eckardt</a>'s and <a href="/facts/Cem_%25C3%2596zdemir/oJ255pyj">Cem Özdemir</a>'s <a href="/facts/Alliance_90%2fThe_Greens/HJ8MNBnc">Greens</a> started negotiations with the FDP to form a government, in which Lindner was widely seen as the future Minister of Finance, as the CDU had even nominated the former Minister <a href="/facts/Wolfgang_Sch%25C3%25A4uble/hGnCYK57">Wolfgang Schäuble</a> as <a href="/facts/President_of_the_Bundestag/9fwV0RuA">President of the Bundestag</a> to make place for the FDP. Such a coalition was the only realistic possibility to form a government (except for a <a href="/facts/Grand_coalition/XmuhW2E2">Grand coalition</a>) but had almost never been used before on any regional level in Germany. In November 2017, after midnight, Lindner and his party left the already prolonged negotiations after four unsuccessful weeks, which led to the longest government formation in German history and finally in March 2018 once more to a Grand Coalition with the <a href="/facts/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany/GyXlKgqJ">SPD</a>, which had previously rejected any participation in the new government.
In 2021 Christian Lindner was re-elected federal chairman of the FDP with 93 percent of the vote and at the same time was chosen as the party's top candidate for the federal election.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a>

<h2 id="federal-minister-of-finance">Federal Minister of Finance</h2>
Following the <a href="/facts/2021_German_federal_election/Qpx9XSyT">2021 German federal election</a>, the FDP agreed to enter government with the <a href="/facts/Alliance_90%2fThe_Greens/HJ8MNBnc">Greens</a> and <a href="/facts/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany/GyXlKgqJ">Social Democrats</a>, as part of a <a href="/facts/Traffic_light_coalition/aH98rFQV">traffic light coalition</a> led by <a href="/facts/Olaf_Scholz/m6WEvQjG">Olaf Scholz</a>. Lindner was named as <a href="/facts/Federal_Ministry_of_Finance_(Germany)/s6SkDmW8">Finance Minister</a>, and took office on 8 December 2021.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a>
After the G7 countries announced that they would present strong sanctions against Russia, Lindner stated that they should target Russian oligarchs. He stated: "We are working on further sanctions. I am particularly concerned that the oligarchs should be affected. Those who have profited from <a href="/facts/Vladimir_Putin/DcQdxqbj">Putin</a> and stolen the wealth of the Russian people, including through corruption, should not be allowed to enjoy their prosperity in our Western democracies".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a>
On the night of 24 February 2022, right after Russia started its invasion of Ukraine, Lindner according to the Ambassador of Ukraine in Germany told Ukraine's ambassador <a href="/facts/Andriy_Yaroslavovych_Melnyk/9BMNTull">Andriy Melnyk</a> that "Ukraine has only a few hours" left, so he opposed arms supplies to Kyiv and Russia's disconnection from <a href="/facts/SWIFT/HTklm3zJ">SWIFT</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a> On 17 May 2022, Lindner said he is "politically open to the idea of seizing" the frozen <a href="/facts/List_of_countries_by_foreign-exchange_reserves/KoYKEwdJ">foreign-exchange reserves</a> of the <a href="/facts/Central_Bank_of_Russia/dasd3AdC">Central Bank of Russia</a> —which amount to over $300 billion— to cover the costs of rebuilding Ukraine after the war.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31">31</a>
In August 2022, Lindner announced a "big step" to improve anti-money laundering and sanctions enforcement in Germany: he wanted to create a "Federal Financial Criminal Investigation Office" to end the good conditions for money laundering in Germany.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32">32</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33">33</a> The <a href="/facts/Gewerkschaft_der_Polizei/1usC4jIK">GdP</a> warned of fragmented responsibilities and authorities at federal and state levels; rather, Lindner should strengthen the existing Federal Customs Office. To this day there is no "Federal Financial Criminal Investigation Office".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34">34</a> Experts criticize that the new agency lacks the authority to seizure suspicious assets by administrative order and the exclusion of tax-related offences from its jurisdiction, according to a draft published until September 2023.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35">35</a>
Lindner has been a staunch defender of the constitutionally-enshrined <a href="/facts/Debt_brake_(Germany)/xwLD49SS">debt brake</a> and seen as reluctant to agree another suspension in 2024.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36">36</a>
In July 2024 Lindner argued that Germany would need to halve its aid to Ukraine.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37">37</a> In August 2024 Lindner halted new aid to Ukraine, saying the aid would in future be supplied from the frozen funds in the west of the <a href="/facts/Russian_Central_Bank/dasd3AdC">Russian Central Bank</a>. <a href="/facts/Robert_Habeck/LUxPYMCF">Robert Habeck</a>, among others, thought that this might stress the ruling coalition,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38">38</a> and this had already impacted the promised <a href="/facts/Diehl_Defence/hueQAdB3">Diehl</a> <a href="/facts/IRIS-T/oTUMD8WP">IRIS-T</a> system, which turned out not to have been funded by Germany after all because of the restrictions put in place by Lindner.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39">39</a>
In September 2024, Lindner agreed with an FDP position paper that proposed cuts to the social benefits for asylum seekers, as well as designating some North African countries as "safe" for ease of repatriation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40">40</a>
On 6 November 2024, Lindner's dismissal was proposed by Olaf Scholz, citing loss of trust.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41">41</a> On 7 November he was dismissed from office by the Federal President Frank-Walter Steinmeier.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42">42</a> His removal led to the collapse of the governing coalition, with two other FDP members resigning from their ministries and a <a href="/facts/Volker_Wissing/jWb16Y8k">third minister</a> leaving the FDP.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43">43</a>

<h2 id="2025-federal-election-and-retirement">2025 federal election and retirement</h2>
Lindner led the FDP in the <a href="/facts/2025_German_federal_election/vjlpEcEN">2025 German federal election</a>. As expected in the polls, the FDP failed to reach the 5% threshold, resulting in the party failing to secure any seats in the <a href="/facts/21st_Bundestag/62wm5PkH">21st Bundestag</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44">44</a> Shortly after the announcement of the projected election results, Lindner announced his retirement from politics and resignation as FDP leader.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45">45</a>

<h2 id="other-activities">Other activities</h2>
<h3>International organizations</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/European_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development/dXGW7vHH">European Bank for Reconstruction and Development</a> (EBRD), ex-officio Member of the Board of Governors (since 2021)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46">46</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/European_Investment_Bank/uXIa0lkR">European Investment Bank</a> (EIB), ex-officio Member of the Board of Governors (since 2021)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47">47</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/European_Stability_Mechanism/IAVjD4dM">European Stability Mechanism</a> (ESM), ex-officio Member of the Board of Governors (since 2021)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48">48</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Asian_Infrastructure_Investment_Bank/UnYz3cln">Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank</a> (AIIB), ex-officio Member of the Board of Governors (since 2021)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49">49</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/International_Monetary_Fund/tPSTWWS4">International Monetary Fund</a> (IMF), ex-officio Alternate Member of the Board of Governors (since 2021)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50">50</a></li></ul>
<h3>Corporate boards</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/KfW/nHdK20jL">KfW</a>, Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Supervisory Directors (since 2021)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51">51</a></li>
<li>RAG-Stiftung, Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2021)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52">52</a></li></ul>
<h3>Non-profit organizations</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Borussia_Dortmund/kVGq7nE3">Borussia Dortmund</a>, Member of the Business Advisory Board (since 2018)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53">53</a></li>
<li>Aktive Bürgerschaft, Member of the Board of Trustees<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54">54</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Friedrich_Naumann_Foundation/VRn1hQUK">Friedrich Naumann Foundation</a>, Member of the Board of Trustees<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55">55</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/ZDF/aAWXCMc7">ZDF</a>, Member of the Television Board<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56">56</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/University_of_D%25C3%25BCsseldorf/6mQ3LVsM">Heinrich Heine University</a> (HHU), Institut für Deutsches und Internationales Parteienrecht und Parteienforschung, Member of the Board of Trustees</li>
<li>Deutsche AIDS-Stiftung, Member of the Board of Trustees<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57">57</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Walther_Rathenau_Institut/7QfFAdYC">Walther Rathenau Institute</a>, Member of the Advisory Board<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58">58</a></li>
<li>Deutsche Nationalstiftung, Member of the Senate</li>
<li>NRW Foundation, Member of the Board of Trustees<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59">59</a></li>
<li>Captain in the <a href="/facts/German_Air_Force/ayXl2F4g">German Air Forces</a> reserve<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60">60</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Rotary_International/Tw9WDcoH">Rotary International</a>, Member</li></ul>
<h2 id="political-positions">Political positions</h2>
<h3>Foreign policy</h3>
In 2022, Lindner called for renewed talks over a free trade agreement between the European Union and the United States, aiming to revive discussions on the so-called <a href="/facts/Transatlantic_Trade_and_Investment_Partnership/V0jaIHTj">Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership</a> (TTIP).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61">61</a>

<h3>Entrepreneurship</h3>
In early 2015, an impassioned response to heckling by Lindner, defending entrepreneurs and startup culture, made it onto newspaper front pages and became one of the most watched political speeches in months. Lindner was speaking before the <a href="/facts/Landtag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia/rSSR800M">state legislature</a> in North Rhine-Westphalia about the importance of entrepreneurship and how failed entrepreneurs deserve a second chance when a Social Democratic member in the audience heckled: "That [failure] is something you have experience in." That was a reference to an Internet company co-founded by Lindner that failed after the dot-com bubble burst in the early 2000s. Lindner responded with a 2+1⁄2-minute speech, saying: "If one succeeds, one ends up in the sights of the Social Democratic redistribution machinery and, if one fails, one can be sure of derision and mockery." He added that this particular member preferred to have a secure job in public service for his entire life, rather than daring to found a company, and how the message of that heckling attempt was the total opposite of what had been announced just minutes earlier by the president of the state legislature, who also happened to be an SPD member.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62">62</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63">63</a>
<a href="/facts/Bild/Quva2xcv">Bild</a>, the highest-circulation tabloid in Germany, praised Lindner on its front page. The Berlin daily <a href="/facts/Tagesspiegel/PQ0wSdF7">Tagesspiegel</a> said the rant offered a welcome contrast to the "persistent fog of alternative-less Merkelism" that characterized debate in the Bundestag.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64">64</a> What they were referring to was the situation that because of the narrow defeats of the FDP and the <a href="/facts/Alternative_for_Germany/kTCco2TS">AfD</a>, the opposition in the Bundestag only included left parties. Many policies of Merkel's government directly came from their center-left coalition partner SPD or were at least negotiated and harmonized with them, and then only left parties reacted on them, who usually criticized those policies as inadequate and advocated for more investment into them or stronger policies, but did not oppose them on a principled basis.

<h3>Financial policy</h3>
Shortly after the <a href="/facts/2017_German_federal_election/4mwh3jlb">2017 elections</a>, Lindner ruled out taking on new debt to manage the balancing act of cutting income taxes and increasing investment on digital infrastructure. He criticized outgoing Finance Minister <a href="/facts/Wolfgang_Sch%25C3%25A4uble/hGnCYK57">Wolfgang Schäuble</a> for not being tough enough on <a href="/facts/Greece/lqHw8bTB">Greece</a> and not cutting income taxes for middle-class workers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65">65</a>

<h3>German farmers' protests</h3>
Lindner criticized some of the actions taken during the <a href="/facts/2023%25E2%2580%25932024_German_farmers%2527_protests/0nnsIrYx">2023–2024 German farmers' protests</a>, especially after the blockade of <a href="/facts/Robert_Habeck/LUxPYMCF">Robert Habeck</a> on a ferry.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66">66</a>

<h2 id="reception">Reception</h2>
US economist <a href="/facts/Joseph_Stiglitz/DU3DATT4">Joseph Stiglitz</a> and British economist <a href="/facts/Adam_Tooze/kSmnFHIY">Adam Tooze</a> criticized Lindner's fiscal positions in 2021, arguing that, if put into practice, they would pose a threat to the economic future of Germany and Europe. They called his positions an "accumulation of conservative clichés" from a "bygone era" that had become obsolete "after three decades of crisis on the financial markets, in geopolitics [and] in the environmental field".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67">67</a>

<h2 id="personal-life">Personal life</h2>
In 2011, Lindner married journalist <a href="/facts/Dagmar_Rosenfeld/pTgFg9xh">Dagmar Rosenfeld</a>; they had started dating in 2009.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68">68</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69">69</a> On 19 April 2018, they announced their separation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70">70</a> In 2018, he started dating journalist <a href="/facts/Franca_Lehfeldt/3NWFl60S">Franca Lehfeldt</a>, whom he married in 2022.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71">71</a> Their first child, a daughter, was born in April 2025<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72">72</a>

<h2 id="publications">Publications</h2>
<h3>Editor</h3>
<ul><li>Knüppel, Hartmut (2001). Die Aktie als Marke (in German). Frankfurt am Main: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Verl.-Bereich Buch. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-3-933180-83-4.</li>
<li>Lindner, Christian (14 October 2012). Avatare (in German). Springer. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-3-642-62397-4.</li>
<li>Rösler, Philipp; Lindner, Christian (25 March 2009). Freiheit: gefühlt - gedacht - gelebt (in German). Wiesbaden: Springer-Verlag. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-3-531-16387-1.</li></ul>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Christian Lindner.

<ul><li><a href="https://www.bundestag.de/abgeordnete/biografien/L/521640-521640">German Bundestag – Abgeordneter Christian Lindner</a> (in German)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.christian-lindner.de">Lindner's personal website</a> (mostly in German)</li>
<li><a href="https://www.christian-lindner.de/content/about-christian-lindner">English section on his personal website</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.fdp.de/person/christian-lindner">Lindner's profile on the party website</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">"Christian Lindner ist Bundesminister der Finanzen" [Christian Lindner is Federal Minister of Finance]. German Federal Ministry of Finance. Archived from the original on 3 December 2024. <a href="https://www.bundesfinanzministerium.de/Content/DE/Standardartikel/Ministerium/Leitung/christian-lindner-neuer-finanzminister.html" target="_blank">https://www.bundesfinanzministerium.de/Content/DE/Standardartikel/Ministerium/Leitung/christian-lindner-neuer-finanzminister.html</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">"Geschäftsordnung der Bundesregierung" [Rules of Procedure of the Federal Government]. Die Bundesregierung (in German). Archived from the original on 1 December 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2022. <a href="https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-de/themen/geschaeftsordnung-der-bundesregierung-459846" target="_blank">https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-de/themen/geschaeftsordnung-der-bundesregierung-459846</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">"FDP-Chef Lindner kündigt Rückzug aus Politik an" [FDP leader Lindner announces resignation from politics]. Tagesschau (in German). Berlin: ARD. 23 February 2025. Retrieved 24 February 2025. <a href="https://www.tagesschau.de/eilmeldung/eilmeldung-8444.html" target="_blank">https://www.tagesschau.de/eilmeldung/eilmeldung-8444.html</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">Kresge, Naomi; Nienaber, Michael (23 February 2025). "Germany's Former Finance Minister Lindner Ends Political Career". Bloomberg. Bloomberg News. <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-02-23/germany-s-former-finance-minister-lindner-ends-political-career" target="_blank">https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-02-23/germany-s-former-finance-minister-lindner-ends-political-career</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">"Im Sprint ins Ziel: Mathematik in vier Semestern – Juni – Universität – FernUniversität in Hagen". Archived from the original on 17 December 2010. Retrieved 24 March 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101217060237/http://fernuni-hagen.de/universitaet/aktuelles/2008/06/30-ak-sprint-studium-mathe.shtml" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20101217060237/http://fernuni-hagen.de/universitaet/aktuelles/2008/06/30-ak-sprint-studium-mathe.shtml</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">(In german: Steuerwettbewerb und Finanzausgleich. Kann die Finanzverfassung reformiert werden?), »Bambi« legt los., Der Spiegel, 29 November 2004. <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">Daniel Dettling (Hrsg.): Minima Moralia der nächsten Gesellschaft. Standpunkte eines neuen Generationenvertrags. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2009, ISBN 978-3-531-16475-5, S. 168. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">Verbindungsoffizier zum Landeskommando. In: Rheinische Post. 26 July 2008. <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">"De Maizière befördert Lindner zum Hauptmann" [De Maizière promotes Lindner to captain]. Handelsblatt. 16 September 2011. Archived from the original on 6 February 2012. <a href="https://www.handelsblatt.com/politik/deutschland/luftwaffenreserve-de-maiziere-befoerdert-lindner-zum-hauptmann/4617000.html" target="_blank">https://www.handelsblatt.com/politik/deutschland/luftwaffenreserve-de-maiziere-befoerdert-lindner-zum-hauptmann/4617000.html</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">"Christian Lindner CV English" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 July 2021. <a href="https://www.christian-lindner.de/sites/default/files/2021-07/CV%20english.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.christian-lindner.de/sites/default/files/2021-07/CV%20english.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">"Christian_Lindner_englisch.pdf" (PDF). www.christian-lindner.de. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 July 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2015. <a href="https://www.christian-lindner.de/sites/default/files/2021-07/CV%20english.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.christian-lindner.de/sites/default/files/2021-07/CV%20english.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">"Christian_Lindner_englisch.pdf" (PDF). www.christian-lindner.de. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 July 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2015. <a href="https://www.christian-lindner.de/sites/default/files/2021-07/CV%20english.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.christian-lindner.de/sites/default/files/2021-07/CV%20english.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">"Christian_Lindner_englisch.pdf" (PDF). www.christian-lindner.de. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 July 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2015. <a href="https://www.christian-lindner.de/sites/default/files/2021-07/CV%20english.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.christian-lindner.de/sites/default/files/2021-07/CV%20english.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">"FDP general secretary Lindner resigns". 14 December 2011. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140311193006/http://www.thelocal.de/politics/20111214-39497.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20140311193006/http://www.thelocal.de/politics/20111214-39497.html</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">"Christian_Lindner_englisch.pdf" (PDF). www.christian-lindner.de. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 July 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2015. <a href="https://www.christian-lindner.de/sites/default/files/2021-07/CV%20english.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.christian-lindner.de/sites/default/files/2021-07/CV%20english.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">"Senior FDP Official Resigns: Merkel's Coalition Partner Falls Further into Crisis". Spiegel Online. 14 December 2011. Archived from the original on 16 January 2017. <a href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/senior-fdp-official-resigns-merkel-s-coalition-partner-falls-further-into-crisis-a-803660.html" target="_blank">http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/senior-fdp-official-resigns-merkel-s-coalition-partner-falls-further-into-crisis-a-803660.html</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">"Landtag NRW: Abgeordneter Christian Lindner". Landtag Nordrhein-Westfalen. Archived from the original on 13 December 2018. Retrieved 23 September 2013. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181213124753/https://www.landtag.nrw.de/portal/WWW/Webmaster/GB_I/I.1/Abgeordnete/abgeordnetendetail.jsp?k=01404" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20181213124753/https://www.landtag.nrw.de/portal/WWW/Webmaster/GB_I/I.1/Abgeordnete/abgeordnetendetail.jsp?k=01404</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">"Landtagswahl 2012 in NRW". www.wahlergebnisse.nrw.de. Archived from the original on 26 September 2013. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130926081557/http://www.wahlergebnisse.nrw.de/landtagswahlen/2012/aktuell/a0lw1200.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20130926081557/http://www.wahlergebnisse.nrw.de/landtagswahlen/2012/aktuell/a0lw1200.html</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">Kulish, Nicholas (13 May 2012). "In Rebuke to Merkel's Party, Social Democrats Win German Vote". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 May 2012. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/14/world/europe/in-rebuke-to-merkel-social-democrats-win-german-vote.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/14/world/europe/in-rebuke-to-merkel-social-democrats-win-german-vote.html</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:20">"Aktuelle Nachrichten – Inland Ausland Wirtschaft Kultur Sport". tagesschau.de. Archived from the original on 26 September 2013. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130926162535/https://www.tagesschau.de/wahl/fdp822.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20130926162535/https://www.tagesschau.de/wahl/fdp822.html</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:21">"FDP, a post-war fixture, is out of parliament". DW.COM. Archived from the original on 24 September 2013. <a href="http://www.dw.de/fdp-a-post-war-fixture-is-out-of-parliament/a-17106509" target="_blank">http://www.dw.de/fdp-a-post-war-fixture-is-out-of-parliament/a-17106509</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:22">"ALDE candidates". Politico. 8 January 2014. Archived from the original on 24 August 2017. <a href="http://www.politico.eu/article/alde-candidates/" target="_blank">http://www.politico.eu/article/alde-candidates/</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:23">"ALDE candidates". Politico. 20 January 2014. Archived from the original on 24 August 2017. <a href="http://www.politico.eu/article/verhofstadt-rehn-agree-campaign-roles/" target="_blank">http://www.politico.eu/article/verhofstadt-rehn-agree-campaign-roles/</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:24">"ALDE candidates". Financial Times. 2 January 2014. Archived from the original on 2 January 2014. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140102164806/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/0607ca9e-6bf2-11e3-85b1-00144feabdc0.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20140102164806/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/0607ca9e-6bf2-11e3-85b1-00144feabdc0.html</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:25">"Wahl der Mitglieder für die 16. Bundesversammlung" [Election of members for the 16th Federal Assembly] (PDF). Financial Times (in German). 14 December 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 December 2016. <a href="https://www.landtag.nrw.de/portal/WWW/dokumentenarchiv/Dokument/MMD16-13713.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.landtag.nrw.de/portal/WWW/dokumentenarchiv/Dokument/MMD16-13713.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:26">"FDP-Vorsitzender Lindner auf Bundesparteitag wiedergewählt" [FDP Chairman Lindner re-elected at federal party conference]. MDR.DE (in German). Archived from the original on 21 April 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2023. <a href="https://www.mdr.de/nachrichten/deutschland/politik/fdp-bundesparteitag-christian-lindner-wiederwahl-parteivorsitzender-100.html" target="_blank">https://www.mdr.de/nachrichten/deutschland/politik/fdp-bundesparteitag-christian-lindner-wiederwahl-parteivorsitzender-100.html</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:27">Posaner, Joshua (8 December 2021). "Meet Germany's new government". Politico (in German). Archived from the original on 8 December 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2021. <a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/meet-germany-new-government-scholz-cabinet/" target="_blank">https://www.politico.eu/article/meet-germany-new-government-scholz-cabinet/</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:28">"Tysk minister: Nye G7-sanksjoner burde rettes mot russiske oligarker" [German minister: New G7 sanctions should target Russian oligarchs] (in Norwegian). ABC Nyheter. 7 March 2022. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022. <a href="https://www.abcnyheter.no/nyheter/verden/2022/03/06/195830744/tysk-minister-nye-g7-sanksjoner-burde-rettes-mot-russiske-oligarker" target="_blank">https://www.abcnyheter.no/nyheter/verden/2022/03/06/195830744/tysk-minister-nye-g7-sanksjoner-burde-rettes-mot-russiske-oligarker</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:29">Gerster, Livia. "Ukrainischer Botschafter: Sie wollen seine Worte nicht hören" [Ukrainian ambassador: They don't want to hear his words]. FAZ.NET (in German). ISSN 0174-4909. Archived from the original on 28 March 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2022. <a href="https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/andrij-melnyk-ukrainischer-botschafter-in-verzweifelter-mission-17909743.html" target="_blank">https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/andrij-melnyk-ukrainischer-botschafter-in-verzweifelter-mission-17909743.html</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:30">"У Берліні давали Україні "кілька годин" після вторгнення РФ, тому не допомагали – посол" [Berlin gave Ukraine "a few hours" after Russia's invasion, so they didn't help - ambassador]. Українська правда (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 29 March 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2022. <a href="https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2022/03/29/7335467/" target="_blank">https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2022/03/29/7335467/</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:31">"Germany open to Russian Central Bank asset seizure to finance Ukraine's recovery". Euractiv. 17 May 2022. Archived from the original on 17 May 2022. <a href="https://www.euractiv.com/section/eastern-europe/news/germany-open-to-russian-central-bank-asset-seizure-to-finance-ukraines-recovery/" target="_blank">https://www.euractiv.com/section/eastern-europe/news/germany-open-to-russian-central-bank-asset-seizure-to-finance-ukraines-recovery/</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:32">"Sanktionen durchsetzen und Geldwäsche bekämpfen" [Enforcing sanctions and combating money laundering]. www.gdp.de (in German). 16 September 2022. Archived from the original on 16 September 2022. Retrieved 5 October 2023. <a href="https://www.gdp.de/gdp/gdpbupo.nsf/id/DG_13_BZGZoll_Sanktionen-durchsetzen-und-Geldwaesche-bekaempfen" target="_blank">https://www.gdp.de/gdp/gdpbupo.nsf/id/DG_13_BZGZoll_Sanktionen-durchsetzen-und-Geldwaesche-bekaempfen</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:33">"Christian Lindner treibt Pläne für Bundesfinanzkriminalamt voran" [Christian Lindner pushes forward plans for Federal Financial Criminal Police Office] (in German). Archived from the original on 3 December 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023. <a href="https://www.diruj.net/news/christian-lindner-treibt-plaene-fuer-bundesfinanzkriminalamt-voran-2/" target="_blank">https://www.diruj.net/news/christian-lindner-treibt-plaene-fuer-bundesfinanzkriminalamt-voran-2/</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:34">"Sanktionen durchsetzen und Geldwäsche bekämpfen" [Enforcing sanctions and combating money laundering]. www.gdp.de (in German). 16 September 2022. Archived from the original on 16 September 2022. Retrieved 5 October 2023. <a href="https://www.gdp.de/gdp/gdpbupo.nsf/id/DG_13_BZGZoll_Sanktionen-durchsetzen-und-Geldwaesche-bekaempfen" target="_blank">https://www.gdp.de/gdp/gdpbupo.nsf/id/DG_13_BZGZoll_Sanktionen-durchsetzen-und-Geldwaesche-bekaempfen</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:35">""Lindner schafft es nicht zu liefern"" (in German). 21 September 2023. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 8 June 2024. <a href="https://www.sueddeutsche.de/wirtschaft/christian-lindner-kriminalitaet-geldwaesche-1.6246893" target="_blank">https://www.sueddeutsche.de/wirtschaft/christian-lindner-kriminalitaet-geldwaesche-1.6246893</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:38">"Germany to halt new Ukraine military aid: Report". Politico. Archived from the original on 17 August 2024. <a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/germany-halt-new-ukraine-military-aid-report-war-russia/" target="_blank">https://www.politico.eu/article/germany-halt-new-ukraine-military-aid-report-war-russia/</a> <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:39">"Germany to limit military aid to Ukraine due to budget cuts". TVP World. Archived from the original on 17 August 2024. <a href="https://tvpworld.com/79939063/germany-to-limit-military-aid-to-ukraine-due-to-budget-cuts" target="_blank">https://tvpworld.com/79939063/germany-to-limit-military-aid-to-ukraine-due-to-budget-cuts</a> <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:40">von der Burchard, Hans (20 September 2023). "Germany's Greens and Liberals call for action on immigration as far right strengthens". Politico. Archived from the original on 20 September 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2024. <a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/germany-struggles-to-contain-migration-influx/" target="_blank">https://www.politico.eu/article/germany-struggles-to-contain-migration-influx/</a> <a href="#fnref:40" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:41">"Kanzler Scholz entlässt Finanzminister Lindner" [Chancellor Scholz dismisses Finance Minister Lindner]. Tagesschau (in German). Archived from the original on 6 November 2024. Retrieved 9 November 2024. <a href="https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/innenpolitik/eilmeldung-ampelregierung-scholz-entlaesst-lindner-100.html" target="_blank">https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/innenpolitik/eilmeldung-ampelregierung-scholz-entlaesst-lindner-100.html</a> <a href="#fnref:41" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:47">"Board of Governors". European Investment Bank. Archived from the original on 16 June 2018. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180616103358/http://www.eib.org/about/governance-and-structure/statutory-bodies/board_of_governors/index.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20180616103358/http://www.eib.org/about/governance-and-structure/statutory-bodies/board_of_governors/index.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:47" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:48">"Board of Governors: Christian Lindner". European Stability Mechanism. Archived from the original on 5 January 2022. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220105082622/https://www.esm.europa.eu/profile/christian-lindner" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20220105082622/https://www.esm.europa.eu/profile/christian-lindner</a> <a href="#fnref:48" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:49">"Board of Governors". Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. Archived from the original on 29 October 2017. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171029173748/https://www.aiib.org/en/about-aiib/governance/board-governors/index.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20171029173748/https://www.aiib.org/en/about-aiib/governance/board-governors/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:49" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:50">"Members". International Monetary Fund. Archived from the original on 11 November 2011. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111111021542/http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/memdir/members.aspx" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20111111021542/http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/memdir/members.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:50" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:51">"Board of Supervisory Directors and its Committees". KfW. Archived from the original on 19 October 2021. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019094835/https://www.kfw.de/About-KfW/Arbeitsweise-und-Unternehmensf%C3%BChrung/Verwaltungsrat-und-seine-Aussch%C3%BCsse/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20211019094835/https://www.kfw.de/About-KfW/Arbeitsweise-und-Unternehmensf%C3%BChrung/Verwaltungsrat-und-seine-Aussch%C3%BCsse/</a> <a href="#fnref:51" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:52">"Board of Trustees". RAG-Stiftung. Archived from the original on 20 August 2017. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170820173606/http://www.rag-stiftung.de/en/about-us/board-of-trustees/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20170820173606/http://www.rag-stiftung.de/en/about-us/board-of-trustees/</a> <a href="#fnref:52" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:53">Lothar Schmalen (28 November 2018). "FDP-Chef Lindner sitzt jetzt im BVB-Wirtschaftsrat – kein Einzelfall". Neue Westfälische. Archived from the original on 3 November 2019. <a href="https://www.nw.de/nachrichten/zwischen_weser_und_rhein/22310442_Im-Glanz-des-Fussballerfolgs.html" target="_blank">https://www.nw.de/nachrichten/zwischen_weser_und_rhein/22310442_Im-Glanz-des-Fussballerfolgs.html</a> <a href="#fnref:53" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:54">"Aktive Bürgerschaft". www.aktive-buergerschaft.de. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2015. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305023033/http://www.aktive-buergerschaft.de/aktive_buergerschaft/stiftungsrat/lindner" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160305023033/http://www.aktive-buergerschaft.de/aktive_buergerschaft/stiftungsrat/lindner</a> <a href="#fnref:54" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:55">"www.en.freiheit.org – Organization". www.freiheit.org. Archived from the original on 20 November 2011. Retrieved 23 May 2015. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111120220403/http://www.freiheit.org/The-Board-of-Trustees/867c11142i780/index.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20111120220403/http://www.freiheit.org/The-Board-of-Trustees/867c11142i780/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:55" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:56">"ZDF-Fernsehrat beschneidet Politikerzahl nicht". Tagesspiegel (in German). 16 May 2014. Retrieved 26 July 2021. <a href="https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/medien/alte-besetzung-zdf-fernsehrat-beschneidet-politikerzahl-nicht/9905338.html" target="_blank">https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/medien/alte-besetzung-zdf-fernsehrat-beschneidet-politikerzahl-nicht/9905338.html</a> <a href="#fnref:56" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:57">"Board of Trustees". Deutsche AIDS-Stiftung. Archived from the original on 13 December 2018. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181213115653/https://aids-stiftung.de/infos-%C3%BCber-die-stiftung/die-stiftung/gremien/kuratorium" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20181213115653/https://aids-stiftung.de/infos-%C3%BCber-die-stiftung/die-stiftung/gremien/kuratorium</a> <a href="#fnref:57" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:58">"Advisory Board". Walther Rathenau Institute. Archived from the original on 18 August 2018. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180818013739/http://www.rathenau-stiftung.de/organisation/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20180818013739/http://www.rathenau-stiftung.de/organisation/</a> <a href="#fnref:58" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:59">"Board of Trustees". NRW Foundation. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419133736/http://www.nrw-stiftung.de/foerderverein/gremien-kuratorium.php?sid=69a03dda8d7107cac89f18a8da19cfb7?sid=11a71a6298eb96ea978cca0201f13ae3" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20210419133736/http://www.nrw-stiftung.de/foerderverein/gremien-kuratorium.php?sid=69a03dda8d7107cac89f18a8da19cfb7?sid=11a71a6298eb96ea978cca0201f13ae3</a> <a href="#fnref:59" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:60">"Christian_Lindner_englisch.pdf" (PDF). www.christian-lindner.de. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 July 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2015. <a href="https://www.christian-lindner.de/sites/default/files/2021-07/CV%20english.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.christian-lindner.de/sites/default/files/2021-07/CV%20english.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:60" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:61">Tom Sims (20 March 2022). "Germany calls for new talks on transatlantic trade deal". Reuters. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/germany-calls-new-talks-transatlantic-trade-deal-handelsblatt-2022-03-20/" target="_blank">https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/germany-calls-new-talks-transatlantic-trade-deal-handelsblatt-2022-03-20/</a> <a href="#fnref:61" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:62">Troianovski, Anton (3 February 2015). "Video Rant Wins Praise for Struggling German Political Party". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on 10 March 2015. Retrieved 23 May 2015. <a href="/wiki/Anton_Troianovski" target="_blank">/wiki/Anton_Troianovski</a> <a href="#fnref:62" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:63">"YouTube". www.youtube.com. Archived from the original on 1 February 2015. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150201184210/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=skvOKFbtr3E&gl=US&hl=en" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20150201184210/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=skvOKFbtr3E&gl=US&hl=en</a> <a href="#fnref:63" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:64">Troianovski, Anton (3 February 2015). "Video Rant Wins Praise for Struggling German Political Party". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on 10 March 2015. Retrieved 23 May 2015. <a href="/wiki/Anton_Troianovski" target="_blank">/wiki/Anton_Troianovski</a> <a href="#fnref:64" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:65">Michael Nienaber (6 October 2017). "FDP leader wants tougher euro zone policy, no new German debt". Reuters. Archived from the original on 6 October 2017. <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-germany-politics-fdp/fdp-leader-wants-tougher-euro-zone-policy-no-new-german-debt-idUSKBN1CB12R" target="_blank">https://www.reuters.com/article/us-germany-politics-fdp/fdp-leader-wants-tougher-euro-zone-policy-no-new-german-debt-idUSKBN1CB12R</a> <a href="#fnref:65" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:66">"Lindner appelliert an Landwirte: "Sie haben sich verrannt, bitte kehren Sie um"" [Lindner appeals to farmers: "You have lost your way, please turn back"]. stern.de (in German). 6 January 2024. Archived from the original on 6 January 2024. <a href="https://www.stern.de/politik/deutschland/christian-lindner-appelliert-an-landwirte---bitte-kehren-sie-um--34342792.html" target="_blank">https://www.stern.de/politik/deutschland/christian-lindner-appelliert-an-landwirte---bitte-kehren-sie-um--34342792.html</a> <a href="#fnref:66" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:67">Stiglitz, Joseph E.; Tooze, Adam (27 October 2021). ""It Would Be a Mistake to Grant Him His Wish"". Die Zeit. Archived from the original on 20 April 2023. Retrieved 8 June 2024. <a href="https://archive.today/20230420225925/https://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2021-10/christian-lindner-finance-minister-traffic-light-coalition-koalition-critics-englisch/komplettansicht" target="_blank">https://archive.today/20230420225925/https://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2021-10/christian-lindner-finance-minister-traffic-light-coalition-koalition-critics-englisch/komplettansicht</a> <a href="#fnref:67" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:68">"FDP-Generalsekretär heiratet Dagmar Rosenfeld" [FDP General Secretary marries Dagmar Rosenfeld]. FOCUS Online (in German). Archived from the original on 17 January 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2018. <a href="https://www.focus.de/panorama/vermischtes/christian-lindner-fdp-generalsekretaer-heiratet-dagmar-rosenfeld_aid_655556.html" target="_blank">https://www.focus.de/panorama/vermischtes/christian-lindner-fdp-generalsekretaer-heiratet-dagmar-rosenfeld_aid_655556.html</a> <a href="#fnref:68" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:69">"FDP-Chef: Christian Lindner ist wieder Single" [FDP leader: Christian Lindner is single again]. Berliner Zeitung (in German). Archived from the original on 19 April 2018. Retrieved 19 April 2018. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180419192603/https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/panorama/fdp-chef-wieder-single-so-koennte-christian-lindners-datingprofil-aussehen-30042946" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20180419192603/https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/panorama/fdp-chef-wieder-single-so-koennte-christian-lindners-datingprofil-aussehen-30042946</a> <a href="#fnref:69" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:70">Matthew Karnitschnig (18 May 2018). "German liberal leader's 'midlife crisis". Politico. Archived from the original on 18 May 2018. <a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/christian-lindner-german-liberal-fdp-angela-merkel-leaders-bakery-tale-goes-a-rye/" target="_blank">https://www.politico.eu/article/christian-lindner-german-liberal-fdp-angela-merkel-leaders-bakery-tale-goes-a-rye/</a> <a href="#fnref:70" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:71">"German finance minister gets married at exclusive island of Sylt". MSN.com. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2022. <a href="https://www.msn.com/en-xl/news/other/german-finance-minister-gets-married-at-exclusive-island-of-sylt/ar-AAZkl6g" target="_blank">https://www.msn.com/en-xl/news/other/german-finance-minister-gets-married-at-exclusive-island-of-sylt/ar-AAZkl6g</a> <a href="#fnref:71" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:72">https://www.focus.de/kultur/stars/erstes-foto-geteilt-christian-lindners-und-franca-lehfeldts-baby-ist-da_84a8f3c1-43b3-4d78-85cf-282751450def.html <a href="https://www.focus.de/kultur/stars/erstes-foto-geteilt-christian-lindners-und-franca-lehfeldts-baby-ist-da_84a8f3c1-43b3-4d78-85cf-282751450def.html" target="_blank">https://www.focus.de/kultur/stars/erstes-foto-geteilt-christian-lindners-und-franca-lehfeldts-baby-ist-da_84a8f3c1-43b3-4d78-85cf-282751450def.html</a> <a href="#fnref:72" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

Christian Lindner open-in-new

Christian Lindner