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Spherical robot
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<h2 id="applications">Applications</h2> <p>Spherical mobile robots have applications<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> in surveillance, environmental monitoring, patrol, underwater and planetary exploration, rehabilitation, child-development,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> and entertainment. Spherical robots can be used as <a href="/facts/Amphibious_vehicle/2C5GcHSF">amphibious</a> robots<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> viable on land as well as on (or under) water.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="locomotion">Locomotion</h2> <p>The most common drive mechanisms of the spherical robots operate by changing the robot's center of mass.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> Other driving mechanisms<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> make use of: (1) conservation of angular velocity by flywheels,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> (2) environment's wind, (3) distorting the spherical shell, and (4) gyroscopic effect. </p> <h2 id="current-research">Current research</h2> <p>The <a href="http://www.spherical-robot.com/">research on spherical robots</a> involves studies on design and prototyping ,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> dynamical modelling and simulation,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> control,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> motion planning,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> and navigation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> From a theoretical point of view, the rolling motion of a spherical robot on a surface represents a <a href="/facts/Nonholonomic_system/5VHl7nMU">nonholonomic system</a> which has been particularly studied in the scope of control and motion planning.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="commercial-spherical-robots">Commercial spherical robots</h2> <p>Commercial spherical robots are available for sale to the public. Some current commercial products are GroundBot, Roball, and QueBall, as well as <a href="/facts/Sphero/X9nSq5W8">Sphero</a>'s <a href="/facts/BB-8/k5qRebh3">BB-8</a>, based on the <a href="/facts/Droid_(Star_Wars)/PtVs475F">droid</a> character of the same name introduced in the 2015 film <i><a href="/facts/Star_Wars%3a_The_Force_Awakens/C76BvsxX">Star Wars: The Force Awakens</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Samsung/oNXUwDjn">Samsung</a> Ballie is a Spherical Rolling tennis Ball look alike personal robot which was introduced in Samsung CES2020.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a> Sajid Sadi VP of the research team at Samsung is quoted saying that "Ballie’s ability to move around enables it to respond to a person wherever they are. Parents could ask Ballie to check up on kids to make sure they’ve completed their homework, for instance, or monitor the types of television shows and movies they’re watching."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Mobile_robot/klkTEo39">Mobile robot</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/SPHERES/4qEDK3pR">SPHERES</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://www.spherical-robot.com">Spherical Robots: Research, Design, Application</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Halme, A.; Schonberg, T.; Yan Wang (1996). "Motion control of a spherical mobile robot". Proceedings of 4th IEEE International Workshop on Advanced Motion Control - AMC '96 - MIE. Vol. 1. pp. 259–264. doi:10.1109/AMC.1996.509415. ISBN 0-7803-3219-9. S2CID 14135004. <a href="0-7803-3219-9" target="_blank">0-7803-3219-9</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Mukherjee, Ranjan; Minor, Mark A.; Pukrushpan, Jay T. (2002). "Motion Planning for a Spherical Mobile Robot: Revisiting the Classical Ball-Plate Problem". Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control. 124 (4): 502–511. doi:10.1115/1.1513177. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Joshi, Vrunda A.; Banavar, Ravi N.; Hippalgaonkar, Rohit (2010). "Design and analysis of a spherical mobile robot". Mechanism and Machine Theory. 45 (2): 130–136. doi:10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2009.04.003. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Alizadeh, Hossein Vahid; Mahjoob, Mohammad J. (2009). "Effect of Incremental Driving Motion on a Vision-Based Path Planning of a Spherical Robot". 2009 Second International Conference on Computer and Electrical Engineering. pp. 299–303. doi:10.1109/ICCEE.2009.133. ISBN 978-1-4244-5365-8. S2CID 18734506. <a href="978-1-4244-5365-8" target="_blank">978-1-4244-5365-8</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Spherical robots – All On Robots". <a href="https://www.allonrobots.com/spherical-robots/" target="_blank">https://www.allonrobots.com/spherical-robots/</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Ylikorpi, Tomi J; Halme, Aarne J; Forsman, Pekka J (2017). "Dynamic modeling and obstacle-crossing capability of flexible pendulum-driven ball-shaped robots". Robotics and Autonomous Systems. 87. Elsevier: 269–280. doi:10.1016/j.robot.2016.10.019. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Shi, Liwei; Guo, Shuxiang; Mao, Shilian; Yue, Chunfeng; Li, Maoxun; Asaka, Kinji (2013). "Development of an amphibious turtle-inspired spherical mother robot". Journal of Bionic Engineering. 10 (4). Elsevier: 446–455. doi:10.1016/S1672-6529(13)60248-6. S2CID 109405748. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Spherical Robot". cim.mcgill.ca. <a href="http://cim.mcgill.ca/~hva/Spherical_Robot/" target="_blank">http://cim.mcgill.ca/~hva/Spherical_Robot/</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"Spherical Robot". cim.mcgill.ca. <a href="http://cim.mcgill.ca/~hva/Spherical_Robot/" target="_blank">http://cim.mcgill.ca/~hva/Spherical_Robot/</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"Spherical Robot". cim.mcgill.ca. <a href="http://cim.mcgill.ca/~hva/Spherical_Robot/" target="_blank">http://cim.mcgill.ca/~hva/Spherical_Robot/</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Michaud, F.; Laplante, J.-F.; Larouche, H.; Duquette, A.; Caron, S.; Letourneau, D.; Masson, P. (2005). "Autonomous Spherical Mobile Robot for Child-Development Studies". IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans. 35 (4): 471–480. doi:10.1109/TSMCA.2005.850596. S2CID 5337551. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Shi, Liwei; Guo, Shuxiang; Mao, Shilian; Yue, Chunfeng; Li, Maoxun; Asaka, Kinji (2013). "Development of an amphibious turtle-inspired spherical mother robot". Journal of Bionic Engineering. 10 (4). Elsevier: 446–455. doi:10.1016/S1672-6529(13)60248-6. S2CID 109405748. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Vahid Alizadeh, H.; Mahjoob, M. J. (2011). "Quadratic damping model for a spherical mobile robot moving on the free surface of the water". 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Robotic and Sensors Environments (ROSE). pp. 125–130. doi:10.1109/ROSE.2011.6058541. ISBN 978-1-4577-0819-0. S2CID 11649614. <a href="978-1-4577-0819-0" target="_blank">978-1-4577-0819-0</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Halme, A.; Schonberg, T.; Yan Wang (1996). "Motion control of a spherical mobile robot". Proceedings of 4th IEEE International Workshop on Advanced Motion Control - AMC '96 - MIE. Vol. 1. pp. 259–264. doi:10.1109/AMC.1996.509415. ISBN 0-7803-3219-9. S2CID 14135004. <a href="0-7803-3219-9" target="_blank">0-7803-3219-9</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>"Spherical Robot". cim.mcgill.ca. <a href="http://cim.mcgill.ca/~hva/Spherical_Robot/" target="_blank">http://cim.mcgill.ca/~hva/Spherical_Robot/</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Joshi, Vrunda A.; Banavar, Ravi N.; Hippalgaonkar, Rohit (2010). "Design and analysis of a spherical mobile robot". Mechanism and Machine Theory. 45 (2): 130–136. doi:10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2009.04.003. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Guo, Shuxiang; Mao, Shilian; Shi, Liwei; Li, Maoxun (2012). "Design and kinematic analysis of an amphibious spherical robot". 2012 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation. pp. 2214–2219. doi:10.1109/ICMA.2012.6285687. ISBN 978-1-4673-1278-3. S2CID 10512711. <a href="978-1-4673-1278-3" target="_blank">978-1-4673-1278-3</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Joshi, Vrunda A.; Banavar, Ravi N.; Hippalgaonkar, Rohit (2010). "Design and analysis of a spherical mobile robot". Mechanism and Machine Theory. 45 (2): 130–136. doi:10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2009.04.003. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>Kamaldar, M.; Mahjoob, M. J.; Haeri Yazdi, M.; Vahid-Alizadeh, H.; Ahmadizadeh, S. (2011). "A control synthesis for reducing lateral oscillations of a spherical robot". 2011 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics. pp. 546–551. doi:10.1109/ICMECH.2011.5971346. ISBN 978-1-61284-982-9. S2CID 43710053. <a href="978-1-61284-982-9" target="_blank">978-1-61284-982-9</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>Mukherjee, Ranjan; Minor, Mark A.; Pukrushpan, Jay T. (2002). "Motion Planning for a Spherical Mobile Robot: Revisiting the Classical Ball-Plate Problem". Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control. 124 (4): 502–511. doi:10.1115/1.1513177. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>Alizadeh, Hossein Vahid; Mahjoob, Mohammad J. (2009). "Effect of Incremental Driving Motion on a Vision-Based Path Planning of a Spherical Robot". 2009 Second International Conference on Computer and Electrical Engineering. pp. 299–303. doi:10.1109/ICCEE.2009.133. ISBN 978-1-4244-5365-8. S2CID 18734506. <a href="978-1-4244-5365-8" target="_blank">978-1-4244-5365-8</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>Hou, Kang; Sun, Hanxu; Jia, Qingxuan; Zhang, Yanheng (2012). "An autonomous positioning and navigation system for spherical mobile robot". Procedia Engineering. 29. Elsevier: 2556–2561. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2012.01.350. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.proeng.2012.01.350" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.proeng.2012.01.350</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>Mukherjee, Ranjan; Minor, Mark A.; Pukrushpan, Jay T. (2002). "Motion Planning for a Spherical Mobile Robot: Revisiting the Classical Ball-Plate Problem". Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control. 124 (4): 502–511. doi:10.1115/1.1513177. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>Hackett, Robert (May 26, 2015). "Disney just developed the most adorable walking robot". Fortune. Retrieved July 23, 2015. <a href="http://fortune.com/2015/05/26/disney-walking-robot/" target="_blank">http://fortune.com/2015/05/26/disney-walking-robot/</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>"Samsung at CES 2020". Samsung levant. <a href="https://www.samsung.com/levant/explore/experiences/ces2020/" target="_blank">https://www.samsung.com/levant/explore/experiences/ces2020/</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>"- YouTube". www.youtube.com.[dead YouTube link] <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c7N5UDZX7TQ&feature=youtu.be" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c7N5UDZX7TQ&feature=youtu.be</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:27"><p>"Ballie Is a Rolling Robot From Samsung That Can Help Around the Home". Digital Trends. January 7, 2020. <a href="https://www.digitaltrends.com/home/ballie-is-a-rolling-robot-from-samsung-that-can-help-around-the-home/" target="_blank">https://www.digitaltrends.com/home/ballie-is-a-rolling-robot-from-samsung-that-can-help-around-the-home/</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:28"><p>"Samsung's VP of research on making Ballie mobile, personable, and nonthreatening". 25 January 2020. <a href="https://venturebeat.com/2020/01/25/samsungs-vp-of-research-on-making-ballie-mobile-personable-and-nonthreatening/" target="_blank">https://venturebeat.com/2020/01/25/samsungs-vp-of-research-on-making-ballie-mobile-personable-and-nonthreatening/</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>