Menu
Home
People
Places
Arts
History
Plants & Animals
Science
Life & Culture
Technology
Reference.org
Thomas L. Saaty
open-in-new
<h2 id="contributions">Contributions</h2> <p>Saaty was a Distinguished University Professor at the University of Pittsburgh.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> He has made contributions in the fields of <a href="/facts/Operations_research/H5yJkV5n">operations research</a> (parametric <a href="/facts/Linear_programming/GduXFQxT">linear programming</a>, <a href="/facts/Epidemics/N7fM3HYd">epidemics</a> and the spread of <a href="/facts/Biological_agents/4YnbS6Em">biological agents</a>, <a href="/facts/Queuing_theory/8NDl56EM">queuing theory</a>, and behavioral mathematics as it relates to operations), <a href="/facts/Arms_control/Jzpvsxwm">arms control</a> and <a href="/facts/Disarmament/3G3ewlxu">disarmament</a>, and <a href="/facts/Urban_design/Bbhb9ykJ">urban design</a>. He has written more than 35 books and 350 papers on mathematics, <a href="/facts/Operations_research/H5yJkV5n">operations research</a>, and <a href="/facts/Decision_making/NbJYprSw">decision making</a>. Their subjects include <a href="/facts/Graph_theory/VVPCd4TX">graph theory</a> and its applications, <a href="/facts/Nonlinearity/4aYItALC">nonlinear mathematics</a>, analytical <a href="/facts/Planning/ckzCp5tv">planning</a>, and <a href="/facts/Game_theory/zkEIj1ya">game theory</a> and <a href="/facts/Conflict_resolution/vovgnlwG">conflict resolution</a>. According to the <a href="/facts/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project/J7AFo1Do">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a>, he has had 14 doctoral students. Saaty himself was a student of <a href="/facts/Einar_Hille/56qNTKUA">Einar Hille</a> at <a href="/facts/Yale/KUdS6jt1">Yale</a>. </p><p>In line with his long-time interest in peace and <a href="/facts/Conflict_resolution/vovgnlwG">conflict resolution</a>, in 1983 Saaty proposed that an International Center for Conflict Resolution needs to be established that would have branches in many countries and would be staffed by retired diplomats, negotiators and conflict analysts. This idea was first published in an article "Center for Conflict Resolution," in the March 1984 issue of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, and it later appeared as an appendix in his 1989 book on Conflict Resolution co-authored with J.M. Alexander.[4] A current revised version of this proposal is posted <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111003181300/http://www.business.pitt.edu/faculty/papers/saaty-iccr.pdf">here</a> with his University of Pittsburgh vita. </p><p>A 2002 article listing the most important contributions to operations research from 1954 to date listed four from Saaty: "Parametric Programming" (1954, with S. I. Gass), "Mathematical Methods of Operations Research" (1959), "Elements of Queueing Theory" (1961), and "The <a href="/facts/Analytic_Hierarchy_Process/fsdAIATE">Analytic Hierarchy Process</a>" (1980).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> The book on operations research was the first to summarize the formal mathematical methods in the field of Operations Research and was translated to Russian and Japanese. The comprehensive work on queueing theory was reviewed by D.G. Kendall of Oxford University in Mathematical Reviews who wrote that this book is "a substantial encyclopedia of queueing theory whose scope is indicated by the 910 items in the bibliography at the end of the book." The book "Mathematical Methods of Arms Control and Disarmament" was reviewed in Management Science in April 1969, "This fascinating book is an important contribution to the present task of discovering some valid underlying mathematical structures in politics...highly recommended both because of its numerous fascinating models and because of the deadly importance of its subject." The Analytic Hierarchy Process itself anticipates the <a href="/facts/PageRank/KtJRJFUX">PageRank</a> algorithm by more than 20 years, with the same basic idea of using the eigenvector corresponding to the largest eigenvalue of a suitable matrix. </p><p>Saaty has been elected to the <a href="/facts/National_Academy_of_Engineering/6RCqfvXM">National Academy of Engineering</a> (2005), and the <i>Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales</i> (Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences, 1971). In 1973, he received the <a href="/facts/Lester_R._Ford_Award/6fmMtq4M">Lester R. Ford Award</a> from the <a href="/facts/Mathematical_Association_of_America/G3BkG5YX">Mathematical Association of America</a> for expository excellence in his <a href="http://www.maa.org/programs/maa-awards/writing-awards/thirteen-colorful-variations-on-guthries-four-color-conjecture">paper</a> "Thirteen Colorful Variations on Guthrie's Four-color Conjecture" on the <a href="/facts/Four_color_problem/HTS4Nway">four color problem</a>, and in 2000 he was awarded the gold medal of the International Society on Multi-criteria Decision Making. He is the 2007 recipient of the <a href="http://www.qfdi.org/who_is_qfdi/akao_prize.htm">Akao Prize</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070821003153/http://qfdi.org/who_is_qfdi/akao_prize.htm">Archived</a> 2007-08-21 at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a> of the <a href="/facts/Quality_function_deployment/mTLM0yuj">QFD Institute</a>. In 2008, he received the <a href="/facts/INFORMS/pALUR8e3">INFORMS</a> Impact Prize for his development of the Analytic Hierarchy Process. The Impact Prize is awarded every two years to recognize contributions that have had a broad impact on the fields of operations research and the management sciences. Emphasis is placed on the breadth of the impact of an idea or body of research. In 2011 he was awarded, in a <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vC9Aeu06wjA">ceremony with ancient roots</a> on <a href="/facts/YouTube_video_(identifier)/db276jst">YouTube</a>, the <a href="/facts/Honorary_degree/yVVgQ6Wt">Doktor Honoris Causa</a> degree by <a href="/facts/Jagiellonian_University/m4yGkw85">Jagiellonian University</a> in <a href="/facts/Krak%25C3%25B3w/hubj59IT">Kraków</a>, Poland.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> In December 2011 he received the Herbert Simon Award for Outstanding Contribution in Information Technology and Decision Making for the paper "The Possibility Of Group Welfare Functions" coauthored with Professor Luis G. Vargas, published in the <a href="/facts/International_Journal_of_Information_Technology_%2526_Decision_Making/41pmNbt2">International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making</a> (IJITDM), Most of the university scholars are working on the basis he provided, Anum Bakhtyar. </p><p>Saaty died at the age of 91 on August 14, 2017, 14 months after a cancer diagnosis. </p> <h2 id="education">Education</h2> <p>PhD, Mathematics, <a href="/facts/Yale_University/KUdS6jt1">Yale University</a>, 1953 (thesis, under <a href="/facts/Einar_Carl_Hille/56qNTKUA">Einar Carl Hille</a>: "On the Bessel Tricomi Equation"). Post-graduate study, <a href="/facts/University_of_Paris/yXAx8nlG">University of Paris</a>, 1952–53. MA, Mathematics, Yale University, 1951. MS, <a href="/facts/Physics/a7aH2y08">Physics</a>, <a href="/facts/The_Catholic_University_of_America/85gl74XY">The Catholic University of America</a>, 1949. BA, <a href="/facts/Columbia_Union_College/9hygBTzn">Columbia Union College</a>, 1948.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="bibliography">Bibliography</h2> <h3>Analytic hierarchy process (AHP)</h3> <ul><li>1980 <i>The Analytic Hierarchy Process: Planning, Priority Setting, Resource Allocation</i>, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-07-054371-2, McGraw-Hill</li> <li>1982 <i>Decision Making for Leaders: The Analytical Hierarchy Process for Decisions in a Complex World</i>, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-534-97959-9, Wadsworth. 1988, Paperback, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-9620317-0-4, RWS</li> <li>1982 <i>The Logic of Priorities: Applications in Business, Energy, Health, and Transportation</i>, with Luis G. Vargas, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-89838-071-5 (Hardcover) <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-89838-078-2 (Paperback), Kluwer-Nijhoff</li> <li>1985 <i>Analytical Planning: The Organization of Systems</i>, with Kevin P. Kearns, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-08-032599-8, Pergamon</li> <li>1989 <i>Conflict Resolution: The Analytic Hierarchy Process</i>, with Joyce Alexander, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-275-93229-X, Praeger</li> <li>1991 <i>Prediction, Projection and Forecasting: Applications of the Analytic Hierarchy Process in Economics, Finance, Politics, Games and Sports</i>, with Luis G. Vargas, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-7923-9104-7, Kluwer Academic</li> <li>1992 <i>The Hierarchon: A Dictionary of Hierarchies</i>, with Ernest H. Forman, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-9620317-5-5, RWS</li> <li>1994 <i>Fundamentals of Decision Making and Priority Theory with the Analytic Hierarchy Process</i>, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-9620317-6-3, RWS</li> <li>1994 <i>Decision Making in Economic, Social and Technological Environments</i>, with Luis G. Vargas, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-9620317-7-1, RWS</li> <li>1996 <i>Vol. III and IV of the Analytic Hierarchy Process Series</i>, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-888603-07-0 RWS</li> <li>2001 <i>Models, Methods, Concepts & Applications of the Analytic Hierarchy Process</i>, with Luis G. Vargas, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-7923-7267-0, Kluwer Academic</li> <li>2007 <i>Group Decision Making: Drawing Out and Reconciling Differences</i>, with Kirti Peniwati, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-888603-08-9, RWS</li> <li>2008 <i>Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process</i>, Int. J. Services Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2008 (<a href="http://www.colorado.edu/geography/leyk/geog_5113/readings/saaty_2008.pdf">http://www.colorado.edu/geography/leyk/geog_5113/readings/saaty_2008.pdf</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918192816/http://www.colorado.edu/geography/leyk/geog_5113/readings/saaty_2008.pdf">Archived</a> 2017-09-18 at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a>) - includes a statement of priority scales which measure intangibles in relative terms.</li></ul> <h3>Analytic network process (ANP)</h3> <ul><li>1996 <i>Decision Making with Dependence and Feedback: The Analytic Network Process</i>, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-9620317-9-8, RWS</li> <li>2005 <i>Theory and Applications of the Analytic Network Process: Decision Making with Benefits, Opportunities, Costs and Risks</i>, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-888603-06-2, RWS</li> <li>2005 <i>The Encyclicon, A Dictionary of Decisions with Dependence and Feedback based on the Analytic Network Process</i>, with Müjgan S. Özdemir, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-888603-05-4, RWS</li> <li>2006 <i>Decision Making with the Analytic Network Process: Economic, Political, Social and Technological Applications with Benefits, Opportunities, Costs and Risks</i>, with Luis G. Vargas, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-387-33859-4, Springer</li> <li>2008 <i>The Encyclicon, Volume 2: A Dictionary of Complex Decisions using the Analytic Network Process</i>, with Brady Cillo, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-888603-09-7, RWS</li> <li>2008 <i><a href="http://ejpam.com/index.php/ejpam/article/view/6/18">The analytic hierarchy and analytic network measurement processes: Applications to decisions under Risk</a>', European Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 1 (1), 122–196, (2008)</i></li></ul> <h3>Neural network process (NNP)</h3> <ul><li>1999 <i>The Brain: Unraveling the Mystery of How it Works, The Neural Network Process</i>, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-888603-02-X, RWS</li> <li>2009 <i>Principia Mathematica Decernendi: Mathematical Principles of Decision Making - Generalization of the Analytic Network Process to Neural Firing and Synthesis</i>, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-888603-10-0, RWS</li></ul> <h3>Operations research</h3> <ul><li>1959 <i>Mathematical Methods of Operations Research</i>, no ISBN (translated into Japanese and Russian), McGraw-Hill. 1988 Extended edition, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-486-65703-5, Dover (paperback)</li> <li>1961 <i>Elements of Queueing Theory with Applications</i>, no ISBN (translated into Russian, Spanish and German), McGraw-Hill</li></ul> <h3>Mathematics</h3> <ul><li>1964 <i>Nonlinear Mathematics</i>, with J. Bram, no ISBN, McGraw-Hill. 1981 Reprinted as <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-486-64233-X, Dover (paperback)</li> <li>1964–1965 <i>Lectures on Modern Mathematics</i>, Volumes I, II, III (Thomas L. Saaty, Editor), no ISBN (translated into Japanese), John Wiley</li> <li>1965 <i>Finite Graphs and Networks</i>, with R. Busacker, no ISBN (translated into Japanese, Russian, German and Hungarian), McGraw-Hill</li> <li>1967 <i>Modern Nonlinear Equations</i>, no ISBN, McGraw-Hill. 1981, reprinted as <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-486-64232-1, Dover (paperback)</li> <li>1969 <i>The Spirit and Uses of the Mathematical Sciences</i>, (Thomas L. Saaty, Editor, with F.J. Weyl), no ISBN, McGraw-Hill</li> <li>1970 <i>Optimization in Integers and Related Extremal Problems</i>, no ISBN (translated into Russian), McGraw-Hill</li> <li>1977 <i>The Four-Color Problem; Assaults and Conquest</i>, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-07-054382-8, with <a href="/facts/Paul_Chester_Kainen/ajToeKL6">Paul C. Kainen</a>, McGraw-Hill. 1986 Revised edition, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-486-65092-8, Dover (paperback)</li></ul> <h3>Applied mathematics</h3> <ul><li>1968 <i>Mathematical Models of Arms Control and Disarmament</i>, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-471-74810-2, John Wiley</li> <li>1973 <i>Topics in Behavioral Mathematics</i>, no ISBN, Mathematical Association of America</li> <li>1981 <i>Thinking with Models: Mathematical Models in the Physical, Biological, and Social Sciences</i>, with Joyce Alexander, hardback <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-08-026475-1, paperback <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-08-026474-5, Pergamon</li></ul> <h3>Other topics</h3> <ul><li>1973 <i>Compact City</i>, with George B. Dantzig, hardback <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-7167-0784-5, paperback <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-7167-0794-2 (translated into Japanese and Russian), W.H. Freeman</li> <li>1990 <i>Embracing the Future</i>, with Larry W. Boone, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-275-93573-6, Praeger</li> <li>2001 <i>Creative Thinking, Problem Solving & Decision Making</i>, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-888603-03-8, RWS</li> <li>2013 <i>Compact City: The Next Urban Evolution in Response to Climate Change</i>, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-888603-12-7, RWS</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://www.business.pitt.edu/katz/faculty/saaty.php">University of Pittsburgh faculty biography of Thomas L. Saaty</a></li> <li><a href="https://archive.today/20080820004435/http://www.decisionlens.com/company/board.htm">Decision Lens Board of Advisors</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.rac.es/ficheros/doc/00186.pdf"><i>Real Academia de Ciencias, Relación de Académicos</i></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.informs.org/content/view/full/270757">Biography of Thomas L. Saaty</a> from the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Saaty, John. "Thomas Saaty, (1926 - 2017) - ForeverMissed.com Online Memorials". www.forevermissed.com. Retrieved 6 January 2024. <a href="https://www.forevermissed.com/thomas-saaty/about" target="_blank">https://www.forevermissed.com/thomas-saaty/about</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Thomas L. Saaty (1926 - 2017)". <a href="http://www.creativedecisions.org/about/ThomasLSaaty.php" target="_blank">http://www.creativedecisions.org/about/ThomasLSaaty.php</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Policy and Procedure Governing Appointments to Distinguished Professorships". University of Pittsburgh Faculty Handbook. University of Pittsburgh. 2013-02-05. Archived from the original on 2007-09-05. Retrieved 2017-03-16. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070905185012/http://www.provost.pitt.edu/faculty-affairs/distinguished.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070905185012/http://www.provost.pitt.edu/faculty-affairs/distinguished.html</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Gass, Saul I. (2002-10-01). "Great Moments in HistORy (sic)". OR/MS Today. INFORMS. Retrieved 2008-10-12. <a href="http://lionhrtpub.com/orms/orms-10-02/frhistorysb1.html" target="_blank">http://lionhrtpub.com/orms/orms-10-02/frhistorysb1.html</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Kopiejka, Mariusz (2011-10-11). "JU honorary doctorate conferred to Professor Thomas L. Saaty". Jagellonian University web site (In Polish; click the link to get the English version. Retrieved 2011-11-08. <a href="http://www.uj.edu.pl/uniwersytet/aktualnosci/video-foto/-/journal_content/56_INSTANCE_7Cwe/10172/4083332" target="_blank">http://www.uj.edu.pl/uniwersytet/aktualnosci/video-foto/-/journal_content/56_INSTANCE_7Cwe/10172/4083332</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Faculty appointments from Wharton (Nov 14, 1969) <a href="http://www.archives.upenn.edu/primdocs/upa/upa1_1/60s/19691114a1.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.archives.upenn.edu/primdocs/upa/upa1_1/60s/19691114a1.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>