Demineralized bone matrix

<h2 id="current-clinical-options">Current clinical options</h2>
<p>The success of a bone graft is determined by its ability to recruit host cells to the site of the graft and modulate their conversion into bone forming cells such as <a href="/facts/Osteoblasts/N6mMDQvR">osteoblasts</a>, to repair the defect. This will depend on the <a href="/facts/Osteoconductive/rfkmCfWC">osteoconductive</a>, <a href="/facts/Osteoinductive/1Sy7Kf6y">osteoinductive</a> and <a href="/facts/Osteogenic/6ETh4tp8">osteogenic</a> capabilities of the graft.
</p><p>Currently, <a href="/facts/Autograft/Hv2U9gaG">autograft</a> bone harvested from the iliac crest is considered the 'gold standard' due to its superior osteogenic properties. However, associated donor site <a href="/facts/Morbidity/55eeQlGL">morbidity</a>, an increased surgery and recovery time, and a limited supply of donor bone are limiting its use.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a>
</p><p>Allograft bone is a logical alternative to autograft. However, it must be rigorously processed and terminally sterilized prior to implantation to remove the risk of disease transmission or an <a href="/facts/Immunological/vylm0L8e">immunological</a> response. This processing removes the osteogenic and osteoinductive properties of the graft, leaving only an osteoconductive <a href="/facts/Tissue_scaffold/Tx77KG1S">scaffold</a>. These scaffolds are available in a range of preparations (such as morselized particles and struts) for different orthopaedic applications.
</p><p>DBM has superior biological properties to undemineralised allograft bone,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> as the removal of the mineral increases the <a href="/facts/Osteopromotive/rjfYMU9c">osteoinductivity</a> of the graft.
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<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>Urist, Marshall R. (1965). "Bone: formation by autoinduction". Science 12:150 (698): 893–899. doi:10.1126/science.150.3698.893. PMID 5319761. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>Graham, S.M., et al., Biological therapy of bone defects: the immunology of bone allo-transplantation. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2010. 10(6): p. 885-901. <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:3"><p>Glowacki, J., S. Zhou, and S. Mizuno, Mechanisms of osteoinduction/chondroinduction by demineralized bone. J Craniofac Surg, 2009. 20 Suppl 1: p. 634-8. <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
</ol>

Demineralized bone matrix open-in-new

Demineralized bone matrix