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Microcotyle
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<h2 id="morphology">Morphology</h2> <p>Individuals of species of <i>Microcotyle</i>, like any typical <a href="/facts/Polyopisthocotylea/lCKS876m">polyopisthocotylean</a> <a href="/facts/Monogenea/NtF6bKsp">monogenean</a>, have an anterior organ called prohaptor, which is mainly used for feeding and attachment. Although the prohaptor is not the primary attachment organ, it is used to anchor the body of the parasite while the <a href="/facts/Haptor/5GQqQTRb">opisthaptor</a> is being repositioned. The opisthaptor is found in all <i>Microcotyle</i> species and it is an important attachment organ that allows these <a href="/facts/Ectoparasites/HWPcgky7">ectoparasites</a> to latch onto their hosts. </p><p>Located at the anterior part of the worm is the funnel-shaped mouth that is connected to the <a href="/facts/Pharynx/51F3eVms">pharynx</a>, followed by the <a href="/facts/Esophagus/XWa7WoWn">esophagus</a> that is smaller in diameter compared to the pharynx. About one tenth of the entire length of the worm, the esophagus then divides into intestinal crura, which extends further posteriorly. The cruca is divided into pouches, which extend between vitellaria. Vitallaria are glands that secrete yolk around the egg. This digestive pathway is observed to be continuous throughout the entire worm. Food particles were observed to be passing back and forth along these pathways in vivo.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> </p><p>The worms are <a href="/facts/Hermaphroditic/C4aYIk4n">hermaphroditic</a>, containing both male and female organs. Each worm has reproductive organs such as vas deferens, <a href="/facts/Testis/Doy40hoq">testis</a>, <a href="/facts/Uterus/LIrApMXs">uterus</a>, vitelline duct, <a href="/facts/Ovary/z2hG6bNy">ovary</a>, and <a href="/facts/Vitellaria/6zzlpaM7">vitellaria</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> They also have flame cells that function as a <a href="/facts/Kidney/HBspPrv9">kidney</a> and remove waste material. A short duct that opens to the outside on the dorsal surface is composed of four canals on each side, two posterior and two anterior, that come together laterally to the cirrus. During observation on immature specimens, these canals can still be seen. However, on adults, these canals are concealed by vitellaria.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="life-cycle">Life cycle</h2> <p>Species of <i>Microcotyle</i> have a direct life cycle; no intermediate hosts are needed to complete its life cycle. Marine fishes are the definitive host of these parasites. The adults live on the gill of the fishes as ectoparasites. The eggs are released into water, hatch and develop as oncomiracidium. The oncomiracidia, free swimming form larvae, move around and attach to another fish and grow into adult stage. The life cycle of species of <i>Microcotyle</i> is completed and repeated again and again. </p> <h2 id="treatment">Treatment</h2> <p>Bath treatment using praziquantel is the effective methods of treating <i>Microcotyle sebastis</i> on rockfish.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> An experiment was done to indicate that feeding a praziquantel-adsorbed diet significantly reduces the abundance of <i>M. sebastis</i> infestation, and bathing in 100 ppm praziquantel for 4 minutes is effective for controlling <i>M. sebastis</i> infestation in a practical rockfish culture system.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="species">Species</h2> <p>According to the World Register of Marine Species,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> there are more than one hundred species in this genus: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_aigoi/EC0fuw9y">Microcotyle aigoi</a></i> Ishii & Sawada, 1938 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_algeriensis/zurkeJpo">Microcotyle algeriensis</a></i> Ayadi, Gey, Justine & Tazerouti, 2017 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_angelichthys/n3fa5PLH">Microcotyle angelichthys</a></i> MacCallum, 1913 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_archosargi/tBeg3Lu3">Microcotyle archosargi</a></i> MacCallum, 1913 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_argenticus/S0B8fsIf">Microcotyle argenticus</a></i> Hadi & Bilqees, 2011 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_arripis/ct92k3bq">Microcotyle arripis</a></i> Sandars, 1945 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_bassensis/9UPS5M70">Microcotyle bassensis</a></i> Murray, 1931 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_bothi/g3xE4bsz">Microcotyle bothi</a></i> <a href="/facts/Satyu_Yamaguti/WNKYhghH">Yamaguti</a>, 1968 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_branchiostegi/7NJl7U7W">Microcotyle branchiostegi</a></i> <a href="/facts/Satyu_Yamaguti/WNKYhghH">Yamaguti</a>, 1937 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_brevis/1aKXk1Dj">Microcotyle brevis</a></i> Dillon & Hargis, 1965 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_caudata/aV7ARVqA">Microcotyle caudata</a></i> <a href="/facts/Seitar%C5%8D_Got%C5%8D/LskS0jWq">Goto</a>, 1984 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_centrodonti/H4hqS0Q4">Microcotyle centrodonti</a></i> Brown, 1929 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_centropristis/7z2A0nYw">Microcotyle centropristis</a></i> MacCallum, 1915.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_cepolae/4n3jMV4V">Microcotyle cepolae</a></i> <a href="/facts/Satyu_Yamaguti/WNKYhghH">Yamaguti</a>, 1938 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_constricta/WU8zvSzD">Microcotyle constricta</a></i> Robinson, 1961 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_danielcarrioni/HPhYYI1M">Microcotyle danielcarrioni</a></i> (Martinez & Barrantes, 1977) Bouguerche, Gey, Justine and Tazerouti, 2019 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_ditrematis/LJSpwswz">Microcotyle ditrematis</a></i> <a href="/facts/Satyu_Yamaguti/WNKYhghH">Yamaguti</a>, 1940 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_donavini/0eU3vFn4">Microcotyle donavini</a></i> Van Beneden & Hesse, 1863 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_elegans/3KGxnBu4">Microcotyle elegans</a></i> <a href="/facts/Seitar%C5%8D_Got%C5%8D/LskS0jWq">Goto</a>, 1894 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_emmelichthyops/JSSkyGVA">Microcotyle emmelichthyops</a></i> <a href="/facts/Satyu_Yamaguti/WNKYhghH">Yamaguti</a>, 1968 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_erythrini/7BWMPcPH">Microcotyle erythrini</a></i> Van Beneden & Hesse, 1863 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_eueides/3ggUou5l">Microcotyle eueides</a></i> MacCallum & MacCallum, 1913 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_fistulariae/GHgkGvUK">Microcotyle fistulariae</a></i> Mamaev, 1989 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_furcata/toKfmcCr">Microcotyle furcata</a></i> Linton, 1940 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_fusiformis/uvMnDdLj">Microcotyle fusiformis</a></i> <a href="/facts/Seitar%C5%8D_Got%C5%8D/LskS0jWq">Goto</a>, 1894 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_gimpo/9VyvUlsq">Microcotyle gimpo</a></i> <a href="/facts/Satyu_Yamaguti/WNKYhghH">Yamaguti</a>, 1958 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_guanabarensis/e8kdkzaI">Microcotyle guanabarensis</a></i> Bravo-Hollis & Kohn, 1990 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_hainanensis/XXh7FJjB">Microcotyle hainanensis</a></i> <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_helotes/EdgBAfRB">Microcotyle helotes</a></i> Sandars, 1944 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_hiatulae/P6nGYdYg">Microcotyle hiatulae</a></i> <a href="/facts/Seitar%C5%8D_Got%C5%8D/LskS0jWq">Goto</a>, 1899 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_inglisi/EAp3JMMK">Microcotyle inglisi</a></i> Gupta & Krishna, 1980 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_jonii/HLpX0ykW">Microcotyle jonii</a></i> Hadi, Bilqees & Khatoon, 2011<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a></li> <li><i>Microcotyle justinei</i> Ayadi & Tazerouti, 2023 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_korathai/RNqSwQxD">Microcotyle korathai</a></i> Gupta & Krishna, 1980 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_lichiae/J3eBBspD">Microcotyle lichiae</a></i> Ariola, 1899 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_longirostri/m60bUS9X">Microcotyle longirostri</a></i> Robinson, 1961 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_macropharynx/xk3EdeyD">Microcotyle macropharynx</a></i> Mamaev, 1989 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_mouwoi/gXuqFeN3">Microcotyle mouwoi</a></i> Ishii & Sawada, 1938 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_moyanoi/lNPPgmlt">Microcotyle moyanoi</a></i> (Villalba & Fernandes, 1986) Bouguerche, Gey, Justine and Tazerouti, 2019 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_nemadactylus/Wb1El8Sw">Microcotyle nemadactylus</a></i> Dillon & Hargis, 1965 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_neozealanica/k9m498Q0">Microcotyle neozealanica</a></i> Dillon & Hargis, 1965 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_oceanica/mTF252b0">Microcotyle oceanica</a></i> Caballero, Bravo-Hollis & Grocott, 1953 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_odacis/oCb9dbrY">Microcotyle odacis</a></i> Sandars, 1945 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_omani/INGD4R4E">Microcotyle omani</a></i> Machkewskyi, Dmitrieva, Al-Jufaili & Al-Mazrooei, 2013 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_otrynteri/ErQ8gGwW">Microcotyle otrynteri</a></i> Pearse, 1949 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_pacifica/gfQcJtwT">Microcotyle pacifica</a></i> Crane, 1972 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_pempheri/Y6q2UNRH">Microcotyle pempheri</a></i> Machida & Azaki, 1977 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55"><sup>55</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_pentapodi/xMuuTe8G">Microcotyle pentapodi</a></i> Sandars, 1944 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56"><sup>56</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_peprili/qquLnDWa">Microcotyle peprili</a></i> Pearse, 1949 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57"><sup>57</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_polymixiae/csJw5cIv">Microcotyle polymixiae</a></i> <a href="/facts/Satyu_Yamaguti/WNKYhghH">Yamaguti</a>, 1968 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58"><sup>58</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_pomacanthi/v0fsg25e">Microcotyle pomacanthi</a></i> MacCallum, 1915 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59"><sup>59</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_pomatomi/sLaVmPMx">Microcotyle pomatomi</a></i> <a href="/facts/Seitar%C5%8D_Got%C5%8D/LskS0jWq">Goto</a>, 1899 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60"><sup>60</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_pontica/Lhj6WS9j">Microcotyle pontica</a></i> Pogorel'tseva, 1964 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61"><sup>61</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_poronoti/fjFDQIsM">Microcotyle poronoti</a></i> MacCallum, 1915 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62"><sup>62</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_pseudopercis/zwVLBkx2">Microcotyle pseudopercis</a></i> Amato & Cezar, 1994 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63"><sup>63</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_rubrum/sz0Jxjz8">Microcotyle rubrum</a></i> Hadi & Bilqees, 2010 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64"><sup>64</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_sebastis/1ENKALo9">Microcotyle sebastis</a></i> <a href="/facts/Seitar%C5%8D_Got%C5%8D/LskS0jWq">Goto</a>, 1894 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65"><sup>65</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_sebastisci/uEaVCkQF">Microcotyle sebastisci</a></i> <a href="/facts/Satyu_Yamaguti/WNKYhghH">Yamaguti</a>, 1958 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66"><sup>66</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_stenotomi/GaKzGvc2">Microcotyle stenotomi</a></i> <a href="/facts/Seitar%C5%8D_Got%C5%8D/LskS0jWq">Goto</a>, 1899 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67"><sup>67</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_tampicensis/eYb1LUe5">Microcotyle tampicensis</a></i> (Caballero & Bravo-Hollis, 1972) Mamaev, 1986 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68"><sup>68</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_tanago/wTknpgxE">Microcotyle tanago</a></i> <a href="/facts/Satyu_Yamaguti/WNKYhghH">Yamaguti</a>, 1940 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69"><sup>69</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_toba/1ITvrIxQ">Microcotyle toba</a></i> Ishii & Sawada, 1938 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70"><sup>70</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_victoriae/nGGy49xK">Microcotyle victoriae</a></i> Woolcock, 1936 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71"><sup>71</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_visa/lSMzENhM">Microcotyle visa</a></i> Bouguerche, Gey, Justine & Tazerouti, 2019 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72"><sup>72</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Microcotyle_zalembius/qpdgdj5H">Microcotyle zalembius</a></i> Crane, 1972 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73"><sup>73</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Kim, Ki. H, and Eun. Lee, and Se. Kwon, and Jae. Cho. (2001). Treatment of Microcotyle sebastis infestation in cultured rockfish Sebastes schlegeli by oral administration of praziquantel in combination with cimetidine. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 44 (2), pp. 133–136 <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Remley, L. W. 1942. Morphology and life history studies of Microcotyle spinicirrus MacCallum 1918, a Monogenetic Trematode parasitic on the gills of Aplodinotus grunniens. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, Vol. 61, No. 2 (Apr., 1942), pp141–155 <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Remley, L. W. 1942. Morphology and life history studies of Microcotyle spinicirrus MacCallum 1918, a Monogenetic Trematode parasitic on the gills of Aplodinotus grunniens. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, Vol. 61, No. 2 (Apr., 1942), pp141–155 <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Remley, L. W. 1942. Morphology and life history studies of Microcotyle spinicirrus MacCallum 1918, a Monogenetic Trematode parasitic on the gills of Aplodinotus grunniens. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, Vol. 61, No. 2 (Apr., 1942), pp141–155 <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Kim, Ki. H, and Jae. Cho. (2000). Treatment of Microcotyle sebastis (Monogenea: Polyopisthocotylea) infestation with praziquantel in an experimental cage simulating commercial rockfish Sebastes schlegeli culture conditions.. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, Vol.40: 229-231, pp. 229–231 <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Kim, Ki. H, and Eun. Lee, and Se. Kwon, and Jae. Cho. (2001). Treatment of Microcotyle sebastis infestation in cultured rockfish Sebastes schlegeli by oral administration of praziquantel in combination with cimetidine. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 44 (2), pp. 133–136 <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>WoRMS (2018). Microcotyle Van Beneden & Hesse, 1863. Accessed at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=119381 on 2018-11-29 <a href="http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=119381" target="_blank">http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=119381</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>石井信太郎・澤田利貞 (1937). 外部寄生性吸蟲類ノ研究. 日本寄生虫学会記事 9: 93-97. (Ishii, N. and Sawada, T. (1937). [Studies on the ectoparasitic trematodes]. Nihon Kiseichū Gakkai Kiji 9: 3-97. [In Japanese]) <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Ayadi, Zouhour El Mouna; Gey, Delphine; Justine, Jean-Lou; Tazerouti, Fadila (2017). "A new species of Microcotyle (Monogenea: Microcotylidae) from Scorpaena notata (Teleostei: Scorpaenidae) in the Mediterranean Sea" (PDF). Parasitology International. 66 (2): 37–42. doi:10.1016/j.parint.2016.11.004. ISSN 1383-5769. PMID 27840197. <a href="http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01462207/file/El_Mouna_Ayadi_A_new_species_of.pdf" target="_blank">http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01462207/file/El_Mouna_Ayadi_A_new_species_of.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>MacCallum, G.A. (1913) Further notes on the genus Microcotyle. Zool Jahrb Jena, 35, 389-402. <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>MacCallum, G.A. (1913) Further notes on the genus Microcotyle. Zool Jahrb Jena, 35, 389-402. <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Hadi, R. & Bilqees, F.M. (2011) Microcotyle argenticus n. sp. (Monogenea) on the fish Pampus argenticus from Karachi Coast. 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