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Jake Epp
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<h2 id="life-and-career">Life and career</h2> <p>Born into a <a href="/facts/Mennonite/pFLcS0Pg">Mennonite</a> family in <a href="/facts/Manitoba/QuCdIDYB">Manitoba</a>, Epp was a high school history teacher in <a href="/facts/Steinbach,_Manitoba/A2W3akxb">Steinbach, Manitoba</a> before entering politics. Jake Epp was first elected to the <a href="/facts/House_of_Commons_of_Canada/XAdyEgPs">House of Commons of Canada</a> as a <a href="/facts/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada/X3BdD7qJ">Progressive Conservative</a> <a href="/facts/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)/mCycBJxY">Member of Parliament</a> (MP) in the <a href="/facts/1972_Canadian_federal_election/RoQIHWTp">1972 election</a> for the riding of <a href="/facts/Provencher/vAKJ0BCF">Provencher</a>, which was the home of <a href="/facts/Atomic_Energy_of_Canada_Limited/Dv09lsfo">Atomic Energy of Canada Limited</a>'s <a href="/facts/Whiteshell_Laboratories/LxFCYkqp">Whiteshell Laboratories</a>. </p><p>In the wake of the 1977 murder of <a href="/facts/Emanuel_Jaques/vK7mGeMA">Emanuel Jaques</a>, Epp wrote to the National Gay Rights Coalition: "I would like to see what kind of support you have now after what has taken place in Toronto. What is needed is not protection for homosexuals, but for Canadians who are not deviant."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> </p><p>After the <a href="/facts/1979_Canadian_federal_election/M5w5wqjv">1979 election</a>, he served in the short-lived <a href="/facts/Canadian_Cabinet/9yHPB9m7">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/facts/Joe_Clark/mcnvnG8W">Joe Clark</a> as <a href="/facts/Minister_of_Indian_Affairs_and_Northern_Development_(Canada)/I99fDwk1">Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development</a>. As a minister, he wrote the <i>Epp letter</i>, which instructed the <a href="/facts/Commissioner_of_the_Yukon/n4eJ3yXh">Commissioner of the Yukon</a> to abandon some of her powers and established <a href="/facts/Responsible_government/gSgDvLlf">responsible government</a> in the <a href="/facts/Yukon/JAGCCGCW">Yukon</a>. He retained his seat in the <a href="/facts/1980_Canadian_federal_election/Ak07HX7A">1980 election</a> despite the defeat of the Clark government and returned to the <a href="/facts/Parliamentary_Opposition/mg1UsKRe">Opposition bench</a>. </p><p>When <a href="/facts/Brian_Mulroney/n8y2UneP">Brian Mulroney</a> led the Conservatives back to power in the <a href="/facts/1984_Canadian_federal_election/INuAxD78">1984 election</a>, he appointed Epp as his <a href="/facts/Minister_of_Health_(Canada)/r1sY1hBW">Minister of National Health and Welfare</a>. At the Cabinet table, he was a vocal proponent that life begins at conception.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> In the spring of 1988, the activist organization AIDS Action NOW! burned an effigy of Epp at <a href="/facts/Toronto_City_Hall/NkN1Dsx1">Toronto City Hall</a> to draw attention to his neglect of the AIDS epidemic.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p><p>In 1989, Epp became <a href="/facts/Minister_of_Energy,_Mines_and_Resources_(Canada)/WPx265ub">Minister of Energy, Mines and Resources</a>. Epp retired at the <a href="/facts/1993_Canadian_federal_election/7ghyG3lc">1993 election</a>, and returned to private life. From 1993 until 2000, he was Senior Vice President and Vice President at <a href="/facts/TransCanada_Pipelines/SI4jppnn">TransCanada Pipelines</a> Ltd. </p><p>Epp was one of the Tories who joined the <a href="/facts/Canadian_Alliance/tk6cyFdo">Canadian Alliance</a> when it was created in an attempt to attract Progressive Conservatives to the former <a href="/facts/Reform_Party_of_Canada/GGkkAtGS">Reform Party of Canada</a>. </p><p>The Tory <a href="/facts/Mike_Harris/RkhWgF30">Mike Harris</a> government appointed Epp to head a review of the ongoing cost over-runs and delays that plagued <a href="/facts/Ontario_Power_Generation/kSr3P7m6">Ontario Power Generation</a>'s restart of the four "A" reactors at the <a href="/facts/Pickering_Nuclear_Generating_Station/T6zxMenw">Pickering Nuclear Generating Station</a>. The two other panel members were Peter Barnes and Dr. Robin Jeffrey. The review's report was released on December 4, 2003, and attributed blame for the project to management problems. </p><p>The election of the <a href="/facts/Ontario_Liberal_Party/pIB227M4">Ontario Liberal Party</a> in 2003 delayed action on the Epp report. The government of <a href="/facts/Dalton_McGuinty/gxpFzpGu">Dalton McGuinty</a> appointed Epp to the Ontario Power Generation Review headed by <a href="/facts/John_Manley_(politician)/lM6RWB4q">John Manley</a> to examine the future role of <a href="/facts/Ontario_Power_Generation/kSr3P7m6">Ontario Power Generation</a> (OPG) in the province’s electricity market, examine its corporate and management structure, and decide whether the public utility should proceed with refurbishing three more nuclear reactors at the Pickering <a href="/facts/Nuclear_power/jzSyvxSn">nuclear power</a> plant. The report recommended proceeding with the restart Pickering "A" reactors 1, 2, and 3, sequentially. The report argued that the restart of units 2 and 3 would be contingent on whether "OPG will be able to succeed at the Unit 1 project."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> </p><p>The McGuinty government accepted the OPG Review Committee's recommendation and allowed the restart of reactor 1, which still underwent cost over-runs and delays. In August 2005, the OPG Board of Directors announced that Units 2 and 3 would not be refurbished due to specific technical and cost risks surrounding the material condition of these two units. </p><p>In 2004, the McGuinty government made Epp <a href="/facts/Chair_(official)/RS6EemFF">Chairman of the Board</a> of OPG. </p><p>Between 2005 and 2009 Epp served as Chancellor of <a href="/facts/Tyndale_University_College_and_Seminary/VupF3I0j">Tyndale University College and Seminary</a> in Toronto.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p><p>In 2010, Epp was appointed an Officer of the <a href="/facts/Order_of_Canada/whrUUAHI">Order of Canada</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="the-aids-crisis">The AIDS Crisis</h2> <p>Jake Epp played a significant role in allowing the <a href="/facts/HIV/AIDS_in_Canada/fEfSHbzy">AIDS crisis</a> to grow unchecked by continuously ignoring pleas from <a href="/facts/Community_organizations/9TuJjaPL">community organizations</a> to develop and implement a National AIDS Strategy. Beyond invitations for conversation, a blind eye was turned to AIDS activist protests as well. <a href="/facts/HIV/AIDS_activism/9NrzjfBK">HIV/AID activism</a> in opposition to Jake Epp came to a head when activists from AIDS Action Now! in <a href="/facts/Toronto/cnXH7881">Toronto</a> called attention to his neglect by burning him in <a href="/facts/Effigy/LNHFTn6J">effigy</a> in <a href="/facts/Nathan_Phillips_Square/pn1FrWow">Nathan Phillips Square</a>. Jake Epp's willful ignorance exacerbated the AIDS crisis in Canada and contributed to the growing number of AIDS-related deaths. Despite the desperate need for action, the government made no change until Epp was replaced by <a href="/facts/Perrin_Beatty/4BpqP8T0">Perrin Beatty</a>. Only then was there involvement in HIV-related matters at the federal level in Canada.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="electoral-history">Electoral history</h2> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="9"><ul><li>v</li><li>t</li><li>e</li></ul><a href="/facts/1988_Canadian_federal_election/VT6dhFQA">1988 Canadian federal election</a>: <a href="/facts/Provencher/vAKJ0BCF">Provencher</a></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2 style=">Party</th><th>Candidate</th><th>Votes</th><th>%</th><th>±%</th></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada/X3BdD7qJ">Progressive Conservative</a></td><td>Jake Epp</td><td>19,000</td><td>55.5</td><td>−2.7</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Liberal_Party_of_Canada/4NcQ9pNu">Liberal</a></td><td>Wes Penner</td><td>11,121</td><td>32.5</td><td>+12.4</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/New_Democratic_Party/L1XRJrFX">New Democratic</a></td><td>Mary Sabovitch</td><td>2,490</td><td>7.3</td><td>−6.8</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Reform_Party_of_Canada/GGkkAtGS">Reform</a></td><td>Lawrence Feilberg</td><td>1,246</td><td>3.6</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Confederation_of_Regions_Party_of_Canada/bm9yaq9h">Confederation of Regions</a></td><td>John Wiebe</td><td>357</td><td>1.0</td><td>−5.8</td></tr><tr><th colspan="3">Total valid votes</th><th>34,214</th><th>100.0</th><th></th></tr><tr><th colspan="3">Total rejected ballots</th><th>106</th><th>0.3</th><th></th></tr><tr><th colspan="3">Turnout</th><th>34,320</th><th>70.9</th><th></th></tr><tr><th colspan="3">Electors on the lists</th><th>48,385</th><th></th><th></th></tr></tbody></table> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="9"><ul><li>v</li><li>t</li><li>e</li></ul><a href="/facts/1984_Canadian_federal_election/INuAxD78">1984 Canadian federal election</a>: <a href="/facts/Provencher/vAKJ0BCF">Provencher</a></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2 style=">Party</th><th>Candidate</th><th>Votes</th><th>%</th><th>±%</th></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada/X3BdD7qJ">Progressive Conservative</a></td><td>Jake Epp</td><td>20,077</td><td>58.3</td><td>+13.3</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/New_Democratic_Party/L1XRJrFX">New Democratic</a></td><td>Ron Buzahora</td><td>6,941</td><td>20.1</td><td>-8.3</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Liberal_Party_of_Canada/4NcQ9pNu">Liberal</a></td><td>Wally Rempel</td><td>4,859</td><td>14.1</td><td>-11.2</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Confederation_of_Regions_Party_of_Canada/bm9yaq9h">Confederation of Regions</a></td><td>Ron Bowers</td><td>2,347</td><td>6.8</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Libertarian_Party_of_Canada/ye8Mqlhe">Libertarian</a></td><td>Donald Ives</td><td>232</td><td>0.7</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3">Total valid votes</td><td>34,456</td><td>100.0</td></tr></tbody></table> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="9"><ul><li>v</li><li>t</li><li>e</li></ul><a href="/facts/1980_Canadian_federal_election/Ak07HX7A">1980 Canadian federal election</a>: <a href="/facts/Provencher/vAKJ0BCF">Provencher</a></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2 style=">Party</th><th>Candidate</th><th>Votes</th><th>%</th><th>±%</th></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada/X3BdD7qJ">Progressive Conservative</a></td><td>Jake Epp</td><td>14,677</td><td>44.9</td><td>-6.7</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/New_Democratic_Party/L1XRJrFX">New Democratic</a></td><td>Richard Rattai</td><td>9,281</td><td>28.4</td><td>+2.7</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Liberal_Party_of_Canada/4NcQ9pNu">Liberal</a></td><td>Clare Cremer</td><td>8,271</td><td>25.3</td><td>+2.7</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Rhinoceros_Party_of_Canada_(1963%E2%80%9393)/R0yE9c2I">Rhinoceros</a></td><td>Lawrence Feilberg</td><td>433</td><td>1.3</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3">Total valid votes</td><td>32,662</td><td>100.0</td></tr><tr><td colspan="7"><a href="https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/ElectionsRidings/Elections/Profile?election=1980-02-18">lop.parl.ca</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="9"><ul><li>v</li><li>t</li><li>e</li></ul><a href="/facts/1979_Canadian_federal_election/M5w5wqjv">1979 Canadian federal election</a>: <a href="/facts/Provencher/vAKJ0BCF">Provencher</a></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2 style=">Party</th><th>Candidate</th><th>Votes</th><th>%</th><th>±%</th></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada/X3BdD7qJ">Progressive Conservative</a></td><td>Jake Epp</td><td>17,030</td><td>51.7</td><td>-3.1</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/New_Democratic_Party/L1XRJrFX">New Democratic</a></td><td>Richard C. Greenway</td><td>8,473</td><td>25.7</td><td>+5.7</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Liberal_Party_of_Canada/4NcQ9pNu">Liberal</a></td><td>Howard Loewen</td><td>7,459</td><td>22.6</td><td>-0.1</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3">Total valid votes</td><td>32,962</td><td>100.0</td></tr></tbody></table> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="9"><ul><li>v</li><li>t</li><li>e</li></ul><a href="/facts/1974_Canadian_federal_election/FfNVaYWJ">1974 Canadian federal election</a>: <a href="/facts/Provencher/vAKJ0BCF">Provencher</a></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2 style=">Party</th><th>Candidate</th><th>Votes</th><th>%</th><th>±%</th></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada/X3BdD7qJ">Progressive Conservative</a></td><td>Jake Epp</td><td>13,405</td><td>54.8</td><td>+9.4</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Liberal_Party_of_Canada/4NcQ9pNu">Liberal</a></td><td>Tom Copeland</td><td>5,558</td><td>22.7</td><td>-3.4</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/New_Democratic_Party/L1XRJrFX">New Democratic</a></td><td>Jack Feely</td><td>4,907</td><td>20.0</td><td>-5.3</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Social_Credit_Party_of_Canada/n1edBsav">Social Credit</a></td><td>Jake Wall</td><td>613</td><td>2.5</td><td>-0.7</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3">Total valid votes</td><td>24,483</td><td>100.0</td></tr></tbody></table> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="9"><ul><li>v</li><li>t</li><li>e</li></ul><a href="/facts/1972_Canadian_federal_election/RoQIHWTp">1972 Canadian federal election</a>: <a href="/facts/Provencher/vAKJ0BCF">Provencher</a></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2 style=">Party</th><th>Candidate</th><th>Votes</th><th>%</th><th>±%</th></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada/X3BdD7qJ">Progressive Conservative</a></td><td>Jake Epp</td><td>11,262</td><td>45.3</td><td>+9.4</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Liberal_Party_of_Canada/4NcQ9pNu">Liberal</a></td><td>Mark Smerchanski</td><td>6,489</td><td>26.1</td><td>-15.5</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/New_Democratic_Party/L1XRJrFX">New Democratic</a></td><td>Alf Chorney</td><td>6,304</td><td>25.4</td><td>+11.2</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Social_Credit_Party_of_Canada/n1edBsav">Social Credit</a></td><td>Jake Wall</td><td>784</td><td>3.2</td><td>-5.0</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3">Total valid votes</td><td>24,839</td><td>100.0</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li></li> <li><a href="https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/People/Profile?personId=5602">Jake Epp – Parliament of Canada biography</a></li> <li><a href="http://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=107230&lang=eng">Jake Epp fonds, Library and Archives Canada</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Eye Weekly - Murder and history - 10.24.02". Archived from the original on 2011-07-10. Retrieved 2008-05-21. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110710212845/http://contests.eyeweekly.com/eye/issue/issue_10.24.02/news/editorial.php" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110710212845/http://contests.eyeweekly.com/eye/issue/issue_10.24.02/news/editorial.php</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>17 Nov 2013 Toronto Star: "Mulroney-era cabinet documents reveal struggle to replace abortion law thrown out by court" <a href="https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2013/11/17/mulroneyera_cabinet_documents_reveal_struggle_to_replace_abortion_law_thrown_out_by_court.html" target="_blank">https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2013/11/17/mulroneyera_cabinet_documents_reveal_struggle_to_replace_abortion_law_thrown_out_by_court.html</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>calgarygayhistory (2020-04-10). "AIDS 1988: lighting a fire under Health Minister Epp". Calgary Gay History. Retrieved 2020-12-10. <a href="https://calgarygayhistory.ca/2020/04/10/aids-1988-lighting-a-fire-under-health-minister-epp/" target="_blank">https://calgarygayhistory.ca/2020/04/10/aids-1988-lighting-a-fire-under-health-minister-epp/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"The Push for Treatment Access". www.catie.ca. Archived from the original on 2020-10-21. Retrieved 2020-12-10. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021050720/https://www.catie.ca/en/positiveside/winter-2016/push-access" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20201021050720/https://www.catie.ca/en/positiveside/winter-2016/push-access</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Ontario Power Generation Review Committee, Transforming Ontario’s Power Generation Company, March 2004, p. 47 <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Jake Epp Appointed as new Tyndale Chancellor Archived 2011-07-22 at the Wayback Machine, April 25, 2005. <a href="http://www.tyndale.ca/news/2005/04/honourable-jake-epp-appointed-as-new-tyndale-chancellor" target="_blank">http://www.tyndale.ca/news/2005/04/honourable-jake-epp-appointed-as-new-tyndale-chancellor</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Governor General announces 74 new appointments to the Order of Canada <a href="http://www.gg.ca/document.aspx?id=13725&lan=eng" target="_blank">http://www.gg.ca/document.aspx?id=13725&lan=eng</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"David Hoe" (PDF). AIDS Activist History Project. 2016-11-17. Retrieved 2022-01-27. <a href="https://aidsactivisthistory.files.wordpress.com/2017/09/aahp-david-hoe-final1.pdf" target="_blank">https://aidsactivisthistory.files.wordpress.com/2017/09/aahp-david-hoe-final1.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"Heidi McDonell" (PDF). AIDS Activist History Project. September 15, 2016. Retrieved January 27, 2022. <a href="https://aidsactivisthistory.files.wordpress.com/2017/09/aahp-heidi-mcdonell-final.pdf" target="_blank">https://aidsactivisthistory.files.wordpress.com/2017/09/aahp-heidi-mcdonell-final.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>