X-ray scattering techniques

<h2 id="scattering-techniques">Scattering techniques</h2>
<h3>Elastic scattering</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/X-ray_diffraction/WtI0F5DN">X-ray diffraction</a>, sometimes called Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Small-angle_X-ray_scattering/Q4tvaRn7">Small-angle X-ray scattering</a> (SAXS) probes structure in the nanometer to micrometer range by measuring scattering intensity at scattering angles 2θ close to 0°.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/X-ray_reflectivity/CGk7tUHT">X-ray reflectivity</a> is an analytical technique for determining thickness, roughness, and density of single layer and multilayer thin films.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Wide-angle_X-ray_scattering/peWtuBtp">Wide-angle X-ray scattering</a> (WAXS), a technique concentrating on scattering angles 2θ larger than 5°.</li></ul>

<h3>Inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS)</h3>
<p>In IXS the energy and angle of <a href="/facts/Inelastic_collision/6lzRMFvk">inelastically</a> scattered X-rays are monitored, giving the dynamic <a href="/facts/Structure_factor/ulu9jjuc">structure factor</a> 
  
    
      
        S
        (
        
          q
        
        ,
        ω
        )
      
    
    {\displaystyle S(\mathbf {q} ,\omega )}
  
.  From this many properties of materials can be obtained, the specific property depending on the scale of the energy transfer. The table below, listing techniques, is adapted from.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> Inelastically scattered X-rays have intermediate phases and so in principle are not useful for <a href="/facts/X-ray_crystallography/WtI0F5DN">X-ray crystallography</a>. In practice X-rays with small energy transfers are included with the diffraction spots due to elastic scattering, and X-rays with large energy transfers contribute to the background noise in the diffraction pattern.
</p>
<table><tbody><tr><th>Technique</th><th>Typical Incident Energy, keV</th><th>Energy transfer range, eV</th><th>Information on:</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Compton_scattering/Q98Ty8rz">Compton scattering</a></td><td>100</td><td>1,000</td><td>Fermi Surface Shape</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Resonant_inelastic_X-ray_scattering/JpazyzxR">Resonant IXS</a> (RIXS)</td><td>4-20</td><td>0.1 - 50</td><td>Electronic Structure & Excitations</td></tr><tr><td>Non-Resonant IXS (NRIXS)</td><td>10</td><td>0.1 - 10</td><td>Electronic Structure & Excitations</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/X-ray_Raman_scattering/Fb5tT3yj">X-ray Raman scattering</a></td><td>10</td><td>50 - 1000</td><td>Absorption Edge Structure, Bonding, Valence</td></tr><tr><td>High resolution IXS</td><td>10</td><td>0.001 - 0.1</td><td>Atomic Dynamics, Phonon Dispersion</td></tr></tbody></table>
<ul><li></li></ul>
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>

<ul><li><a href="/facts/Anomalous_scattering/oQuTGrL5">Anomalous scattering</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Anomalous_X-ray_scattering/oQuTGrL5">Anomalous X-ray scattering</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Backscatter/C79g5QLB">Backscatter</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Materials_science/N5HrXRYW">Materials science</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Metallurgy/1SANyxX4">Metallurgy</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Mineralogy/MeIK9lx9">Mineralogy</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Rachinger_correction/d04EQ2Aj">Rachinger correction</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Structure_determination/r5rT1Lj4">Structure determination</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Ultrafast_x-ray/wb6gRfnc">Ultrafast x-ray</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/X-rays/wseP79cN">X-rays</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/X-ray_generator/BUuA5JSl">X-ray generator</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>

Wikimedia Commons has media related to X-ray diffraction.

<ul><li><a href="http://www.xtal.iqfr.csic.es/Cristalografia/index-en.html">Learning Crystallography</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.iucr.ac.uk/">International Union of Crystallography</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070405181230/http://www.iucr.org/cww-top/crystal.index.html">IUCr Crystallography Online</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.icdd.com/">The International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://crystallography.org.uk/">The British Crystallographic Association</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.mrl.ucsb.edu/centralfacilities/x-ray/basics">Introduction to X-ray Diffraction</a> at <a href="/facts/University_of_California,_Santa_Barbara/G7UvBWlK">University of California, Santa Barbara</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>Guinier, A. (1963). X-ray diffraction in Crystals, Imperfect Crystals and Amorphous Bodies. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman & Co. <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>Baron, Alfred Q. R (2015). "Introduction to High-Resolution Inelastic X-Ray Scattering". arXiv:1504.01098 [cond-mat.mtrl-sci]. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
</ol>

X-ray scattering techniques open-in-new

X-ray scattering techniques