Model C stellarator

<h2 id="design-parameters">Design parameters</h2>
<p>The Model C had a racetrack shape. The total circumference of the magnetic axis was 12 m.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> The plasma could have a 5-7.5 cm minor radius. Magnetic coils could produce a toroidal field (along the tube) of 35,000 Gauss.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> It was only capable of pulsed operation.
</p><p>It had a <a href="/facts/Divertor/P2xcFypT">divertor</a> in one of the straight sections. In the other it could inject 4 MW of 25 MHz <a href="/facts/Ion_cyclotron_resonance_heating/NvTPxc9f">ion cyclotron resonance heating</a> (ICRH).
</p><p>It had helical windings on the curved sections.
</p>
<h2 id="results">Results</h2>
<p>An average ion temperature of 400 eV was reached in 1969.
</p>
<h2 id="history">History</h2>
<p>Construction funding/approval was announced in April 1957 with the design based on Katherine Weimer's efforts in fundamental research.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a>
</p><p>It started operating March 1962.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a>
</p><p>The Model C was reconfigured as a tokamak in 1969,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> becoming the Symmetric Tokamak (ST).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a>
</p>

<h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2>
<ul><li><a href="http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0029-5515/25/9/047/pdf">Experiments on the Model C stellarator.  S. Yoshikawa and T.H. Stix </a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/4299735">A CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF THE MODEL C STELLARATOR. 1956</a> Says 9" vacuum tube, but 150 ft long seems unlikely. 150,000 kW peak of pulsed power to the magnets.</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>Stix, T. H. (1998). "Highlights in early stellarator research at Princeton" (PDF). J. Plasma Fusion Res. 1: 3–8. <a href="http://www.jspf.or.jp/JPFRS/PDF/Vol1/jpfrs1998_01-003.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.jspf.or.jp/JPFRS/PDF/Vol1/jpfrs1998_01-003.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>Yoshikawa, S.; Stix, T.H. (1985-09-01). "Experiments on the Model C stellarator". Nuclear Fusion. 25 (9): 1275–1279. doi:10.1088/0029-5515/25/9/047. ISSN 0029-5515. <a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0029-5515/25/9/047" target="_blank">https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0029-5515/25/9/047</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:3"><p>Stix, T. H. (1998). "Highlights in early stellarator research at Princeton" (PDF). J. Plasma Fusion Res. 1: 3–8. <a href="http://www.jspf.or.jp/JPFRS/PDF/Vol1/jpfrs1998_01-003.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.jspf.or.jp/JPFRS/PDF/Vol1/jpfrs1998_01-003.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:4"><p>Princeton Alumni Weekly, Volume 57. April 19. p9 <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LxJbAAAAYAAJ&dq=model+c+stellarator&pg=RA10-PA9" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=LxJbAAAAYAAJ&dq=model+c+stellarator&pg=RA10-PA9</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:5"><p>Johnson, John L.; Greene, John M. (September 2000). "Katherine Ella Mounce Weimer". Physics Today. 53 (9): 88. doi:10.1063/1.1325250. ISSN 0031-9228. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.1325250" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.1325250</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:6"><p>See 1962 <a href="http://www.pppl.gov/about/history/timeline" target="_blank">http://www.pppl.gov/about/history/timeline</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:7"><p>Stix, T. H. (1998). "Highlights in early stellarator research at Princeton" (PDF). J. Plasma Fusion Res. 1: 3–8. <a href="http://www.jspf.or.jp/JPFRS/PDF/Vol1/jpfrs1998_01-003.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.jspf.or.jp/JPFRS/PDF/Vol1/jpfrs1998_01-003.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:8"><p>See 1969,1970 <a href="http://www.pppl.gov/about/history/timeline" target="_blank">http://www.pppl.gov/about/history/timeline</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
</ol>

Model C stellarator open-in-new

Model C stellarator