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<h2 id="use-of-keychains">Use of keychains</h2> <h3>Advertising & Souvenirs</h3> <p>Keychains are one of the most common <a href="/facts/Souvenir/8KEPak3D">souvenir</a> and <a href="/facts/Advertising/Hgz271hW">advertising</a> items. </p><p>In the 1950s and 1960s, with the improvement of plastic manufacturing techniques, promotional items including keychains became unique. Businesses could place their names and logos on promotional keychains that were three-dimensional for less cost than the standard metal keychains. </p><p>Keychains are small and inexpensive enough to become promotional items for larger national companies that might give them out by the millions. For example, with the launch of a new movie or television show, those companies might partner with food companies to provide a character keychain in each box of cereal. </p><p>These same qualities also make them cheap and easy to produce for consumers, and these have become popular souvenir and novelty items. Destination souvenir keychains will often bear the name of the destination or be shaped like something people relate to the destination, such as a sandal for a beach, or skis for a mountain. The ease of production has created a wide range of options for consumers and businesses alike. </p> <h3>Securing keys and other items</h3> <p>A keychain can also be a connecting link between a keyring and the <a href="/facts/Belt_(clothing)/WurjmUK1">belt</a>, bag, or other garment. Keychains with an actual chain or string are usually used by personnel whose job demands frequent use of keys, such as a <a href="/facts/Security_guard/hrpVUPqz">security guard</a>, prison officer, <a href="/facts/Janitor/Uk8YYgp3">janitor</a>, or <a href="/facts/Retail/unzV9sPF">retail</a> store manager. The chain is often retractable, and therefore may be a <a href="/facts/Nylon/hBvG9bCw">nylon</a> rope, instead of an actual metal chain. The chain ensures that the keys remain attached to the individual using them, makes accidental loss less likely, and saves on wear and tear on the <a href="/facts/Pocket/AclSj32j">pockets</a> of the user. </p><p>Many keychains also offer other functions that the owner wants easily accessible as well. These can include army knives, bottle openers, nail clippers, pill cases, or pepper spray among many others. An electronic key finder is also a useful item found on many keys that will beep when summoned for quick finding when misplaced. </p> <h2 id="keyring">Keyring</h2> <p>A keyring or "split ring" is a <a href="/facts/Circle_cotter/jfE7URrx">circle cotter</a> that holds <a href="/facts/Key_(lock)/5xcFqSyy">keys</a> and other small items sometimes connected to keychains. Other types of keyrings are made of leather, wood and rubber. These are the central component to a keychain. </p><p>Keyrings were invented in the 19th century by Samuel Harrison. <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> The most common form of the keyring is a single piece of metal in a 'double loop'. Either end of the loop can be pried open to allow a key to be inserted and slid along the spiral until it becomes wholly engaged onto the ring. Novelty <a href="/facts/Carabiner/uU5xmpeD">carabiners</a> are also commonly used as keyrings for ease of access and exchange. Often the keyring is adorned with a fob for self-identification or decor. Other forms of rings may use a single loop of metal or plastic with a mechanism to open and securely close the loop. </p> <h2 id="key-fob">Key fob</h2> <p>A key fob is a generally decorative and at times useful item many people often carry with their <a href="/facts/Key_(lock)/5xcFqSyy">keys</a>, on a ring or a chain, for ease of tactile identification, to provide a better grip, or to make a personal statement. Key fob can also specifically refer to modern electronic <a href="/facts/Car_key/MWMDDPpF">car keys</a>, or <a href="/facts/Smart_key/MIej4M6H">smart keys</a>, which serve as both a key and remote. </p><p>The word <i>fob</i> may be linked to the <a href="/facts/German_dialects/e6W9NA9g">low German dialect</a> for the word <i>Fuppe</i>, meaning "pocket"; however, the real origin of the word is uncertain. Fob pockets (meaning 'sneak proof' from the German word <i>foppen</i>) were pockets meant to deter thieves. A short "fob chain" was used to attach to items, like a pocket watch, placed in these pockets.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> </p><p>Fobs vary considerably in size, style and functionality. Most commonly they are simple discs of smooth metal or plastic, typically with a message or symbol such as that of a <a href="/facts/Logo/nUlH9REj">logo</a> (as with conference trinkets) or a sign of an important group affiliation. A fob may be symbolic or strictly aesthetic, but it can also be a small tool. Many fobs are small <a href="/facts/Flashlight/WFx32GbI">flashlights</a>, <a href="/facts/Compass/86MaeFXu">compasses</a>, <a href="/facts/Calculators/eeLfRS8L">calculators</a>, <a href="/facts/Penknives/HDrRUK5P">penknives</a>, <a href="/facts/Discount_card/3rpazfvb">discount cards</a>, <a href="/facts/Bottle_openers/9zKnnxHt">bottle openers</a>, <a href="/facts/Security_token/0V55fErB">security tokens</a>, and <a href="/facts/USB_flash_drives/Jv0qmTCF">USB flash drives</a>. As electronic technology continues to become smaller and cheaper, miniature key-fob versions of (previously) larger devices are becoming common, such as <a href="/facts/Digital_photo_frame/3Tm7zdE9">digital photo frames</a>, <a href="/facts/Remote_control/A9zmkgIV">remote control</a> units for <a href="/facts/Garage_door_opener/WAkRXX0M">garage door openers</a>, <a href="/facts/Barcode_scanner/k6L6FUlY">barcode scanners</a> and simple <a href="/facts/Video_game/vmTdNASJ">video games</a> (e.g. <a href="/facts/Tamagotchi/fIl2sdrU">Tamagotchi</a>) or other <a href="/facts/Gadget/G3TPBIHl">gadgets</a> such as <a href="/facts/Breathalyzer/JM8VTLKv">breathalyzers</a>. </p><p>Some retail establishments such as gasoline stations keep their bathrooms locked and customers must ask for the key from the attendant. In such cases the key often has a very large fob so that customers will not automatically pocket and walk off with the key after completing their ablutions. Key fobs offering added functionalities connected to online services may require additional subscription payment to access them.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> </p> <h3>Access control key fobs</h3> <p><a href="/facts/Access_control/08zE5Pz8">Access control</a> key fobs are <a href="/facts/Electronics/E4JhgISq">electronic</a> key fobs that are used for controlling access to buildings or vehicles.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> They are used for activating such things as <a href="/facts/Keyless_entry_systems/tDLrF6WM">remote keyless entry systems</a> on <a href="/facts/Motor_vehicles/AaXamA0w">motor vehicles</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> Early electric key fobs operated using <a href="/facts/Infrared/44XdJNcc">infrared</a> and required a clear <a href="/facts/Line-of-sight_propagation/w4xfQd2o">line-of-sight</a> to function. These could be copied using a programmable <a href="/facts/Remote_control/A9zmkgIV">remote control</a>. More recent models use <a href="/facts/Challenge%25E2%2580%2593response_authentication/QTMRmhpM">challenge–response authentication</a> over <a href="/facts/Radio_frequency/aWku7h4R">radio frequency</a>, so these are harder to copy and do not need line-of-sight to operate. Programming these remotes sometimes requires the automotive dealership to connect a diagnostic tool, but many of them can be self-programmed by following a sequence of steps in the vehicle and usually requires at least one working key. </p><p>Key fobs are used in <a href="/facts/Apartment_buildings/AnqWV09E">apartment buildings</a> and <a href="/facts/Condominium_(living_space)/UN3Wapsv">condominium</a> buildings for controlling access to common areas (for example, lobby doors, storage areas, fitness room, pool). These usually contain a <a href="/facts/Radio-frequency_identification/4CnmIV2b">passive RFID</a> tag. The fob operates in much the same manner as a <a href="/facts/Proximity_card/fJ3p3fd6">proximity card</a> to communicate (via a reader pad) with a central server for the building, which can be programmed to allow access only to those areas in which the tenant or owner is permitted to access, or only within certain time frames. </p><p><a href="/facts/Remote_work/yDcwVn1F">Remote workers</a> may also use a <a href="/facts/Security_token/0V55fErB">security token</a> – an electronic device often referred to as a fob – that provides one part of a three-way match to log in over an <a href="/facts/Computer_security/7E5dIy7G">unsecure</a> <a href="/facts/Computer_network/3w5RM99p">computer network</a> connection to a secure network. (A well-known example is the <a href="/facts/RSA_SecurID/L0y2vTcH">RSA SecurID</a> token.) This kind of key fob may have a keypad on which the user must enter a <a href="/facts/Personal_identification_number/DGMvGdJf">PIN</a> to retrieve an access code, or it could be a display-only device. </p><p>RFID key fobs can be easily cloned with tools like the <a href="/facts/Proxmark3/R0gzmlR9">Proxmark3</a>, and there are several companies in America that offer this service. </p> <h2 id="costs">Costs</h2> <p>The cost of keychains in the United States varies widely depending on their purpose. Advertising keychains begin at only a few cents to a few dollars each when purchased in large quantities as giveaways. Souvenir keychains or <a href="/facts/Novelty_item/LeG3xj2d">novelty</a> keychains representing bands, movies, games, etc., are also considered to be inexpensive, ranging from US$1 up to US$15. </p><p>Electronic keychains including games and small organizers start at a few dollars and can be up to US$50. Other keychain electronics including cameras, digital photo frames, and USB drives cost US$10 to US$100. </p> <h2 id="as-a-collectible-item">As a collectible item</h2> <p>The most popular focused keychain collections are advertising, souvenir, monument, popular characters and nostalgia-related items. Keychains are typically not made specifically for collecting on large scale, and do not hold their value as well as other collections. A standard keychain that was purchased for ten dollars new may only be worth less than a dollar once it has been owned regardless of condition. </p> <p>Collectors display and store their keychains in several different ways. Some collections are small enough that the collector can place all of their keychains on their standard key ring. Some larger collections can be stored and displayed on dowels, cork boards, tool racks, on large link chains, in display cases, hung on walls, or displayed on Christmas trees. Some collections are large enough that entire rooms are dedicated to the keychain collection. </p><p>According to <a href="/facts/Guinness_World_Records/Az88wVWk">Guinness World Records</a>, the largest collection of keychains consists of 62,257 items, achieved by Angel Alvarez Cornejo in Sevilla, Spain, as verified on 25 June 2016. His collection began at the age of 7. Due to the tremendous size of his collection he now stores his keychains in his garage and a rented warehouse.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> The previous record holder was Brent Dixon of <a href="/facts/Georgia%2c_United_States/KKnTDY6F">Georgia, United States</a> with the largest collection of keychains, at 41,418 non-duplicated ones.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="computer-keychains">Computer keychains</h2> <p>By analogy to the physical object, the terms <i>keychain</i> and <i>keyring</i> are often used for <a href="/facts/Software/RP79lVSW">software</a> that stores <a href="/facts/Cryptographic_key/5W5PAmT4">cryptographic keys</a>. The term keychain was first introduced in a series of IBM developerWorks articles. The term is used in <a href="/facts/GNU_Privacy_Guard/EqmGmx7V">GNU Privacy Guard</a> to store known keys on a keyring. <a href="/facts/Mac_OS_X/Y93vVpTm">Mac OS X</a> uses a password storage system called <a href="/facts/Apple_Keychain/XP17PLGM">Keychain</a>. A "<a href="/facts/GNOME_Keyring/xTAugwSb">keyring</a>" is also the name of a <a href="/facts/Password_manager/NUJzIXPR">password manager</a> application working under the <a href="/facts/GNOME/EFMNBmpR">GNOME</a> desktop manager (used for example in <a href="/facts/Ubuntu_operating_system/0WDd7hkb">Ubuntu operating system</a>). In cryptography a <a href="/facts/Keyring_(cryptography)/IW8o3IyA">keyring</a> is a database of multiple keys or passwords. There are also portable password manager programs, such as Keepass and KeePassX. </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Key_finder/hyL232qK">Key finder</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li> Media related to Key fobs at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li> The dictionary definition of key fob at Wiktionary</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>J.T.Bunce, Memoir of Sir Josiah Mason, p. 208; Simon Parkes, A Tale of Two Knives, Midland Ancestor, vol. 8, no. 4, June 1987. Henry Bore, The Story of the Invention of Steel Pens, 1890, at p. 20 says that Harrison made a steel pen for Joseph Priestley in about 1780, "probably the first steel pen ever produced." <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Priestley" target="_blank">/wiki/Joseph_Priestley</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"fob - alphaDictionary * Free English On-line Dictionary". Alphadictionary.com. Retrieved 14 August 2012. <a href="http://www.alphadictionary.com/goodword/word/fob" target="_blank">http://www.alphadictionary.com/goodword/word/fob</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Toyota Made Its Key Fob Remote Start into a Subscription Service". 9 December 2021. <a href="https://www.thedrive.com/news/43329/toyota-made-its-key-fob-remote-start-into-a-subscription-service" target="_blank">https://www.thedrive.com/news/43329/toyota-made-its-key-fob-remote-start-into-a-subscription-service</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"New Zealand Reviews Directory".[permanent dead link] <a href="http://natsoc.org.au/faq" target="_blank">http://natsoc.org.au/faq</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Why you might want to wrap your car key fob in foil (Why an Ex-FBI Agent Recommends Wrapping Your Keys in Tinfoil Whenever You Leave Your Car)". USA Today. Archived from the original on 26 June 2021. Retrieved 26 June 2021. <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/nation-now/2018/07/08/wrap-car-key-fob-foil/762338002/" target="_blank">https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/nation-now/2018/07/08/wrap-car-key-fob-foil/762338002/</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Does Wrapping Your Car Key In Tin Foil Really Prevent Theft?: Some have also suggested keeping keys in your refrigerator or microwave". 21 November 2019. Archived from the original on 25 June 2021. Retrieved 26 June 2021. <a href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/car-key-in-tin-foil-fob-relay-attack_l_5db8d269e4b00d83f71ef35a" target="_blank">https://www.huffpost.com/entry/car-key-in-tin-foil-fob-relay-attack_l_5db8d269e4b00d83f71ef35a</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Largest collection of keychains". Guinness World Records. <a href="https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/largest-collection-of-keychains" target="_blank">https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/largest-collection-of-keychains</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Largest Collection of Keychains". Guinness World Records. Archived from the original on 18 May 2011. Retrieved 3 April 2011. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110518143553/http://guinnessworldrecords.com/records/modern_society/collections/largest_collection_of_keychains.aspx" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110518143553/http://guinnessworldrecords.com/records/modern_society/collections/largest_collection_of_keychains.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>