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Hebrew (Unicode block)
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<h2 id="block">Block</h2> <table><tbody><tr><td colspan="17">Hebrew[1][2]<a href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0590.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>8</td><td>9</td><td>A</td><td>B</td><td>C</td><td>D</td><td>E</td><td>F</td></tr><tr><td>U+059x</td><td></td><td>֑ </td><td>֒ </td><td>֓ </td><td>֔ </td><td>֕ </td><td>֖ </td><td>֗ </td><td>֘ </td><td>֙ </td><td>֚ </td><td>֛ </td><td>֜ </td><td>֝ </td><td>֞ </td><td>֟ </td></tr><tr><td>U+05Ax</td><td>֠ </td><td>֡ </td><td>֢ </td><td>֣ </td><td>֤ </td><td>֥ </td><td>֦ </td><td>֧ </td><td>֨ </td><td>֩ </td><td>֪ </td><td>֫ </td><td>֬ </td><td>֭ </td><td>֮ </td><td>֯ </td></tr><tr><td>U+05Bx</td><td>ְ </td><td>ֱ </td><td>ֲ </td><td>ֳ </td><td>ִ </td><td>ֵ </td><td>ֶ </td><td>ַ </td><td>ָ </td><td>ֹ </td><td>ֺ </td><td>ֻ </td><td>ּ </td><td>ֽ </td><td>־</td><td>ֿ </td></tr><tr><td>U+05Cx</td><td>׀</td><td>ׁ </td><td>ׂ </td><td>׃</td><td>ׄ </td><td>ׅ </td><td>׆</td><td>ׇ </td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>U+05Dx</td><td>א</td><td>ב</td><td>ג</td><td>ד</td><td>ה</td><td>ו</td><td>ז</td><td>ח</td><td>ט</td><td>י</td><td>ך</td><td>כ</td><td>ל</td><td>ם</td><td>מ</td><td>ן</td></tr><tr><td>U+05Ex</td><td>נ</td><td>ס</td><td>ע</td><td>ף</td><td>פ</td><td>ץ</td><td>צ</td><td>ק</td><td>ר</td><td>ש</td><td>ת</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>ׯ</td></tr><tr><td>U+05Fx</td><td>װ</td><td>ױ</td><td>ײ</td><td>׳</td><td>״</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="17">Notes1.^ As of Unicode version 16.02.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Hebrew block: </p> <table><tbody><tr><th><a href="/facts/Unicode/DDu3MfPV">Version</a></th><th>Final code points<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a></th><th>Count</th><th><a href="/facts/Unicode_Consortium/mJQClyDW">UTC</a> ID</th><th><a href="/facts/International_Committee_for_Information_Technology_Standards/CXq4JYfR">L2</a> ID</th><th><a href="/facts/ISO%2fIEC_JTC_1%2fSC_2/IcW7grUW">WG2</a> ID</th><th>Document</th></tr><tr><td rowspan="13">1.0.0</td><td rowspan="13">U+05B0..05B9, 05BB..05C3, 05D0..05EA, 05F0..05F4</td><td rowspan="13">51</td><td>UTC/1991-053</td><td></td><td></td><td>Rosenne, Jony (1991-03-26), <i>Hebrew</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1991-UTC/UTC46-draft.txt">UTC/1991-048B</a></td><td></td><td></td><td>Whistler, Ken (1991-03-27), "5) Hebrew", <i>Draft Minutes from the UTC meeting #46 day 2, 3/27 at Apple</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N1026</td><td><i>Liaison Report - Encoding Newsletter</i>, April 1994</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>X3L2/94-098</td><td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1033.pdf">N1033 (pdf</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1033.doc">doc</a>)</td><td>Umamaheswaran, V. S.; Ksar, Mike (1994-06-01), "8.1.14", <i>Unconfirmed Minutes of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 Meeting 25, Falez Hotel, Antalya, Turkey, 1994-04-18--22</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03234-whistler-hebrew1.txt">L2/03-234</a></td><td></td><td>Hudson, John (2003-08-05), <i>More on Meteg and CGJ [1]</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03235-whistler-hebrew2.txt">L2/03-235</a></td><td></td><td>Whistler, Ken (2003-08-05), <i>More on Meteg and CGJ [2]</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03236-whistler-hebrew3.txt">L2/03-236</a></td><td></td><td>Whistler, Ken (2003-08-05), <i>More on Meteg and CGJ [3]</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03261-keown-hebrew.txt">L2/03-261</a></td><td></td><td>Keown, Elaine (2003-08-05), <i>E-mail to ANSI regarding Hebrew encoding</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03297-hebrew-issues.htm">L2/03-297</a></td><td></td><td>Rosenne, Jony (2003-08-24), <i>Hebrew Issues</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04194-kirk-meteg.pdf">L2/04-194</a></td><td></td><td>Kirk, Peter (2004-06-05), <i>On the Hebrew mark METEG</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04213-rosenne.pdf">L2/04-213</a></td><td></td><td>Rosenne, Jony (2004-06-07), <i>Responses to Several Hebrew Related Items</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06104-konstantinov-hebrew.txt">L2/06-104</a></td><td></td><td>Konstantinov, Ilya (2006-01-18), <i>Feedback for Unicode 5.0.0: HEBREW PUNCTUATION MAQAF is a Dash-character</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06108.htm">L2/06-108</a></td><td></td><td>Moore, Lisa (2006-05-25), "B.14.5, B.11.8", <i>UTC #107 Minutes</i></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="13">2.0</td><td rowspan="13">U+0591..05A1, 05A3..05AF, 05C4</td><td rowspan="13">31</td><td></td><td></td><td>N1079R</td><td><i>Hebrew cantillation marks in ISO/IEC 10646-1</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1117.doc">N1117</a></td><td>Umamaheswaran, V. S.; Ksar, Mike (1994-10-31), "7.2.2 item f", <i>Unconfirmed Minutes of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2 Meeting 26, Tuscan Inn - Fisherman's Wharf, San Francisco, CA, UAS; 1994-10-10 through 14</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N1079RA</td><td><i>Summary Proposal Form and Examples</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N1079R2</td><td><i>Hebrew cantillation marks in ISO/IEC 10646-1</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1195.DOC">N1195</a></td><td><i>Hebrew Cantillation marks</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1203.txt">N1203</a></td><td>Umamaheswaran, V. S.; Ksar, Mike (1995-05-03), "6.1.8", <i>Unconfirmed minutes of SC2/WG2 Meeting 27, Geneva</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1217.txt">N1217</a></td><td><i>Further clarifications regarding WG2 N1195</i>, 1995-05-21</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>X3L2/95-090</td><td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1253.doc">N1253 (doc</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1253.txt">txt</a>)</td><td>Umamaheswaran, V. S.; Ksar, Mike (1995-09-09), "6.4.3", <i>Unconfirmed Minutes of WG 2 Meeting # 28 in Helsinki, Finland; 1995-06-26--27</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N1315</td><td><i>Updated Table of replies and national body feedback on pDAM7 - Additional characters (SC2 N2656)</i>, 1996-01-09</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N1539</td><td><i>Table of Replies and Feedback on Amendment 7 – Hebrew etc.</i>, 1997-01-29</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>L2/97-127</td><td>N1563</td><td>Paterson, Bruce (1997-05-27), <i>Draft Report on JTC1 letter ballot on DAM No. 7 to ISO/IEC 10646-1 (33 additional characters)</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td>N1572</td><td>Paterson, Bruce (1997-06-23), <i>Almost Final Text – DAM 7 – 33 additional characters</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>L2/97-288</td><td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1603.doc">N1603</a></td><td>Umamaheswaran, V. S. (1997-10-24), "5.3.3", <i>Unconfirmed Meeting Minutes, WG 2 Meeting # 33, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, 20 June – 4 July 1997</i></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="14">4.1</td><td rowspan="2">U+05A2</td><td rowspan="2">1</td><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03443-n2692-hebrew-atnah-hafukh.pdf">L2/03-443</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2692.pdf">N2692</a></td><td>Shoulson, Mark; Kirk, Peter; <a href="/facts/Michael_Everson/8Se2cLdz">Everson, Michael</a> (2003-12-11), <i>Proposal to add ATNAH HAFUKH to the BMP of the UCS</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04156.htm">L2/04-156R2</a></td><td></td><td>Moore, Lisa (2004-08-13), "Atnah Hafukh (A.17.3)", <i>UTC #99 Minutes</i></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4">U+05C5..05C6</td><td rowspan="4">2</td><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03297-hebrew-issues.htm">L2/03-297</a></td><td></td><td>Rosenne, Jony (2003-08-24), <i>Hebrew Issues</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03299-hebrew-issues.pdf">L2/03-299</a></td><td></td><td>Kirk, Peter (2003-08-25), <i>Issues in the Representation of Pointed Hebrew in Unicode</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04089r-n2714-nun-hafukha.pdf">L2/04-089R</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2714.pdf">N2714</a></td><td>Shoulson, Mark; Kirk, Peter; Hudson, John; Everson, Michael; Constable, Peter (2004-03-04), <i>Proposal to add two Masoretic punctuation marks to the BMP of the UCS</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04156.htm">L2/04-156R2</a></td><td></td><td>Moore, Lisa (2004-08-13), "Two Hebrew punctuation marks (A.17.4)", <i>UTC #99 Minutes</i></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="8">U+05C7</td><td rowspan="8">1</td><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03297-hebrew-issues.htm">L2/03-297</a></td><td></td><td>Rosenne, Jony (2003-08-24), <i>Hebrew Issues</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04150-n2755-qamats-qatan.pdf">L2/04-150</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2755.pdf">N2755</a></td><td>Everson, Michael; Shoulson, Mark (2004-05-03), <i>Proposal to add QAMATS QATAN to the BMP of the UCS</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04213-rosenne.pdf">L2/04-213</a></td><td></td><td>Rosenne, Jony (2004-06-07), <i>Responses to Several Hebrew Related Items</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2821.pdf">N2821</a></td><td>Everson, Michael; Shoulson, Mark (2004-06-21), <i>Clarification on the name QAMATS QATAN</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04346-holam-qamats-alloc.html">L2/04-346</a></td><td></td><td>Kirk, Peter (2004-08-12), <i>Proposal to change the provisional code point allocations for proposed characters HEBREW POINT HOLAM HASER FOR VAV and HEBREW POINT QAMATS QATAN</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04156.htm">L2/04-156R2</a></td><td></td><td>Moore, Lisa (2004-08-13), "QAMATS QATAN (A.17.5)", <i>UTC #99 Minutes</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2018/18274-pubrev.html">L2/18-274</a></td><td></td><td>McGowan, Rick (2018-09-14), "Identifier_Type of U+05C7 HEBREW POINT QAMATS QATAN", <i>Comments on Public Review Issues (July 24 - Sept 14, 2018)</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2018/18272.htm">L2/18-272</a></td><td></td><td>Moore, Lisa (2018-10-29), "157-C17 Consensus", <i>UTC #157 Minutes</i>, Change the Identifier_Type of U+05C7 HEBREW POINT QAMATS QATAN from "Obsolete" to "Uncommon_Use Technical" for Unicode version 12.0.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="11">5.0</td><td rowspan="11">U+05BA</td><td rowspan="11">1</td><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03297-hebrew-issues.htm">L2/03-297</a></td><td></td><td>Rosenne, Jony (2003-08-24), <i>Hebrew Issues</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04193-kirk-holam.pdf">L2/04-193</a></td><td></td><td>Kirk, Peter (2004-06-05), <i>On the Hebrew vowel HOLAM</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04213-rosenne.pdf">L2/04-213</a></td><td></td><td>Rosenne, Jony (2004-06-07), <i>Responses to Several Hebrew Related Items</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04306-kirk-holam-bg.pdf">L2/04-306</a></td><td></td><td>Kirk, Peter (2004-07-29), <i>Background material for the proposal on the Hebrew vowel HOLAM</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04307-kirk-holam.pdf">L2/04-307</a></td><td></td><td>Kirk, Peter; Shmidman, Avi; <a href="/facts/John_W._Cowan/7NuFeKCp">Cowan, John</a>; Hopp, Ted; Peterson, Trevor; Lowery, Kirk; Keown, Elaine; Robertson, Stuart (2004-07-29), <i>New proposal on the Hebrew vowel HOLAM</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04310-n2840-holam-haser.pdf">L2/04-310</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2840.pdf">N2840</a></td><td>Everson, Michael; Shoulson, Mark (2004-07-29), <i>Proposal to add HEBREW POINT HOLAM HASER FOR VAV to the BMP of the UCS</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04313-holam-haser.pdf">L2/04-313</a></td><td></td><td>Kirk, Peter (2004-08-02), <i>Response to "Proposal to add HEBREW POINT HOLAM HASER FOR VAV"</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04326-rosenne-holam.html">L2/04-326</a></td><td></td><td>Rosenne, Jony (2004-08-02), <i>UTC - Holam proposals</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04327-hudson-halam.txt">L2/04-327</a></td><td></td><td>Hudson, John (2004-08-03), <i>Distinction of Vav Haluma and Holam Male</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04346-holam-qamats-alloc.html">L2/04-346</a></td><td></td><td>Kirk, Peter (2004-08-12), <i>Proposal to change the provisional code point allocations for proposed characters HEBREW POINT HOLAM HASER FOR VAV and HEBREW POINT QAMATS QATAN</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04344-n2844.pdf">L2/04-344</a></td><td></td><td>Everson, Michael; Shoulson, Mark (2004-08-18), <i>Disunification costs regarding HOLAM and VAV in Hebrew</i></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="8">11.0</td><td rowspan="8">U+05EF</td><td rowspan="8">1</td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1740/n1740.htm">N1740 (html</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1740w97.doc">doc</a>)</td><td>Shoulson, Mark; Everson, Michael (1998-05-09), <i>Proposal to add the Hebrew Tetragrammaton to ISO/IEC 10646</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1807.pdf">N1807 (pdf</a>, <a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1807w97.doc">doc</a>, <a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1807.txt">txt</a>)</td><td>Rosenne, Jonathan (1998-07-07), <i>Israeli Response to the Tetragrammaton Proposal N1740</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2015/15092-hebew-nomina-sacra.pdf">L2/15-092</a></td><td></td><td>Shoulson, Mark (2015-03-10), <i>Typographic Concerns and the Hebrew Nomina Sacra</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2015/15149-script-rec.pdf">L2/15-149</a></td><td></td><td>Anderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; McGowan, Rick; Pournader, Roozbeh; Pandey, Anshuman; Glass, Andrew (2015-05-03), "24 Hebrew Nomina Sacra", <i>Recommendations to UTC #143 May 2015 on Script Proposals</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2015/15204-script-recs.pdf">L2/15-204</a></td><td></td><td>Anderson, Deborah; et al. (2015-07-25), "14. Hebrew Nomina Sacra", <i>Recommendations to UTC #144 July 2015 on Script Proposals</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2016/16305-yod-triangle.pdf">L2/16-305</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n4807-yod-triangle.pdf">N4807</a></td><td>Shoulson, Mark (2016-10-28), <i>Proposal to add HEBREW YOD TRIANGLE</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17037-script-ad-hoc.pdf">L2/17-037</a></td><td></td><td>Anderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; Pournader, Roozbeh; Glass, Andrew; Iancu, Laurențiu; Moore, Lisa; Liang, Hai; Ishida, Richard; Misra, Karan; McGowan, Rick (2017-01-21), "16. Hebrew", <i>Recommendations to UTC #150 January 2017 on Script Proposals</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17016.htm">L2/17-016</a></td><td></td><td>Moore, Lisa (2017-02-08), "C.12", <i>UTC #150 Minutes</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="7"></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Unicode_and_HTML_for_the_Hebrew_alphabet/FoSTW7wu">Hebrew alphabet in Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Alphabetic_Presentation_Forms/bkHVlo36">Alphabetic Presentation Forms</a> (Unicode block)</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Proposed code points and characters names may differ from final code points and names <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>