A-0 System

<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/History_of_compiler_construction/XGz9B5DA">History of compiler construction</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="notes">Notes</h2>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130104114928/http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/mit/summer_session_1954/Digital_Computers_Advanced_Coding_Techniques_Summer_1954.pdf">Proceedings of the 1954 MIT Summer Session on "Digital Computers - Advanced Coding Techniques, section 7 - A2 Compiler and Associated Routines for use with Univac</a></li></ul>

<ol><li>Hopper, Grace (May 1952). <a href="http://xover.mud.at/~marty/iug2/p243-hopper.pdf">"The Education of a Computer"</a> (PDF). <i>Proceedings of the Association for Computing Machinery Conference (Pittsburgh) May 1952</i>. pp. 243–249. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F609784.609818">10.1145/609784.609818</a>.</li>
<li>Hopper, Grace (16 February 1955). <a href="http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/univac/HopperAutoCodingPaper_1955.pdf">"Automatic Coding for Digital Computers"</a> (PDF). <i>High Speed Computer Conference (Louisiana State University) February 1955</i>. Remington Rand.</li>
<li>Hopper, Grace. "Keynote Address". <i>Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN History of Programming Languages (HOPL) conference</i>.</li>
<li>Ridgway, Richard K. (1952). "Compiling Routines". <i>Proceedings of the 1952 ACM national meeting (Toronto) ACM '52</i>.</li>
<li>Sammet, Jean (1969). <i>Programming Languages: History and Fundamentals</i>. Prentice-Hall. pp. g. 12.</li></ol>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>"List of early compilers and assemblers". <a href="http://shape-of-code.coding-guidelines.com/2017/05/21/evidence-for-28-possible-compilers-in-1957" target="_blank">http://shape-of-code.coding-guidelines.com/2017/05/21/evidence-for-28-possible-compilers-in-1957</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>Ridgway, Richard (1952). "Compiling routines". Proceedings of the 1952 ACM national meeting (Toronto) on - ACM '52. pp. 1–5. doi:10.1145/800259.808980. ISBN 9781450379250. S2CID 14878552. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) <a href="9781450379250" target="_blank">9781450379250</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:3"><p>Hopper "Keynote Address", Sammet pg. 12 <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:4"><p>Hopper, Grace. "Keynote Address". Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN History of Programming Languages (HOPL) conference, June 1978. doi:10.1145/800025.1198341. <a href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/800025.1198341" target="_blank">https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/800025.1198341</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:5"><p>Bruderer, Herbert. "Did Grace Hopper Create the First Compiler?". <a href="https://cacm.acm.org/blogs/blog-cacm/268001-did-grace-hopper-create-the-first-compiler/fulltext" target="_blank">https://cacm.acm.org/blogs/blog-cacm/268001-did-grace-hopper-create-the-first-compiler/fulltext</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:6"><p>Strawn, George; Strawn, Candace (2015). "Grace Hopper: Compilers and Cobol". IT Professional. 17 (Jan.-Feb. 2015): 62–64. doi:10.1109/MITP.2015.6.
 <a href="https://www.computer.org/csdl/magazine/it/2015/01/mit2015010062/13rRUxCitFF" target="_blank">https://www.computer.org/csdl/magazine/it/2015/01/mit2015010062/13rRUxCitFF</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:7"><p>* "PAPERS: Automatic Programming: The A 2 Compiler System -- Part I". Computers and Automation. 4 (9): 25–29. Sep 1955. Retrieved 2020-09-05.
"PAPERS: Automatic Programming: The A 2 Compiler System -- Part II". Computers and Automation. 4 (10): 15–27. Oct 1955. Retrieved 2020-09-05.
 <a href="https://archive.org/details/sim_computers-and-people_1955-09_4_9/page/n24/" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/sim_computers-and-people_1955-09_4_9/page/n24/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:8"><p>Ceruzzi, Paul (1998). A History of Modern Computing. The MIT Press. ISBN 9780262032551. <a href="9780262032551" target="_blank">9780262032551</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:9"><p>"Heresy & Heretical Open Source: A Heretic's Perspective". <a href="http://www.infoq.com/presentations/Heretical-Open-Source" target="_blank">http://www.infoq.com/presentations/Heretical-Open-Source</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
</ol>

A-0 System open-in-new

A-0 System