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<h2 id="ideology">Ideology</h2> <p>SIOA describes itself as a human rights organization, promoting <a href="/facts/Freedom_of_speech/jYakwGMP">freedom of speech</a>, <a href="/facts/Freedom_of_conscience/3fUStDu9">freedom of conscience</a>, and equal rights.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> The SIOA's ideology has been called Islamophobic by political and historical scholars, news sources, religious leaders, and hate group watchdogs.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="history">History</h2> <h3>2010</h3> <p>SIOA opposed the construction of <a href="/facts/Park51/6oLFbpo9">Park51</a>, originally named Cordoba House, a 13-story Muslim <a href="/facts/Community_center/Iv32Yk6H">community center</a> proposed for a location two blocks from the <a href="/facts/World_Trade_Center_site/c9xgaWJH">World Trade Center site</a> in <a href="/facts/Lower_Manhattan/bl6eMMHK">Lower Manhattan</a>. On May 6, 2010, Geller posted a blog piece calling the building a "monster mosque" and a "stab in the eye of America" and comparing it to the reconsecration of the <a href="/facts/Hagia_Sophia/HFNJSgux">Hagia Sophia</a> as a mosque by the <a href="/facts/Ottoman_Turks/q4wBrzH9">Ottoman Turks</a> after they conquered <a href="/facts/Constantinople/fLcY371n">Constantinople</a> in 1453.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> In another blog post, Geller encouraged readers to protest its construction.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a> </p><p>In July 2010, the organization purchased <a href="/facts/Bus_advertising/g3qhA0TS">bus advertising</a> in New York and other American cities promoting a website purporting to advocate for Muslims who wanted to disclaim their religion but who feared they might be killed by other Muslims if they did so.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a> The <a href="/facts/Council_on_American-Islamic_Relations/eBKIJ48a">Council on American-Islamic Relations</a> criticized the premise of the ads, that there were any such Muslims, calling it "a smoke screen to advance [Geller's] long-standing history of anti-Muslim bigotry".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a> </p><p>The <a href="/facts/Anti-Defamation_League/oSCrg8fy">Anti-Defamation League</a>, beginning in 2010, included SIOA in their online resource on extremist groups, saying that it "promotes a conspiratorial anti-Muslim agenda under the guise of fighting radical Islam" and "seeks to rouse public fears by consistently vilifying the Islamic faith and asserting the existence of an Islamic conspiracy to destroy 'American' values."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a> </p> <h3>2011</h3> <p>In 2011, the Southern Poverty Law Center named SIOA an anti-Muslim <a href="/facts/Hate_group/bQAbbMTK">hate group</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a> calling it a "propaganda powerhouse" that paints <a href="/facts/Liberal_Muslim_movements/vzWC1g2r">moderate Muslims</a> as <a href="/facts/Islamic_extremism/9MJ2EzQp">radical</a> <a href="/facts/Islamic_terrorism/aDNpLB1X">terrorists</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a> Geller described the SPLC listing as a "badge of honor"<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a> and later, in 2015, stated to CNN, "Who designated the SPLC as a legitimate authority? They are a radical leftist group who targets patriots, vets and even GOP presidential candidates. They have never named a jihadi group as a hate group."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a> </p><p>In July and August 2011, Geller and Spencer were discussed in the media because Norwegian mass-murderer <a href="/facts/Anders_Behring_Breivik/c68Vmm46">Anders Behring Breivik</a>'s anti-Muslim manifesto quoted Spencer at length, and also cited Geller's blog.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a> According to Heidi Beirich, deputy director of <a href="/facts/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center/T25z3Hf7">SPLC</a>, Geller and Spencer's writings were "the primary sources for the anti-Muslim propaganda that had helped give voice" to Breivik's 1500+ page manifesto.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a> SIOA published a statement jointly with <a href="/facts/Jihad_Watch/jMcBNy5x">Jihad Watch</a> and <a href="/facts/Stop_Islamisation_of_Europe/BEppn9hD">Stop Islamisation of Europe</a> condemning Breivik's attack.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a> </p> <h3>2012</h3> <p>In 2012, SIOA sponsored ads in the public transit systems of New York City, Washington, D.C., and Chicago reading, "In any war between the civilized man and the savage, support the civilized man. Support Israel. Defeat <a href="/facts/Jihad/DerLM18J">Jihad</a>."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a> The <a href="/facts/New_York_Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority/FFxUG31Y">New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority</a> (MTA) initially refused to display them.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a> The authority's decision was ruled unconstitutional by Judge <a href="/facts/Paul_A._Engelmayer/QVIcudFL">Paul A. Engelmayer</a> of the <a href="/facts/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_New_York/EvChnafU">United States District Court for the Southern District of New York</a> in July 2012. Judge Engelmayer held that SIOA's ad was "core political speech" protected by the <a href="/facts/First_Amendment/1hNSoIvG">First Amendment</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a> </p><p><a href="/facts/Rabbis_for_Human_Rights/yE3pBP62">Rabbis for Human Rights</a>, <a href="/facts/Sojourners/z8lLrRhu">the Sojourners Community</a>, and <a href="/facts/United_Methodist_Women/NCpuUfwp">United Methodist Women</a> all sponsored subway ads countering SIOA's original ad and promoting religious tolerance.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a> The <a href="/facts/Jewish_Council_for_Public_Affairs/SA6Dkgkf">Jewish Council for Public Affairs</a> called SIOA's ad "bigoted, divisive, and unhelpful", and <a href="/facts/Steve_Gutow/6Rddaf95">Steve Gutow</a>, its president, said, "The fact that ads have been placed in the subway attacking Israel does not excuse the use of attack ads against Muslims."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a> <a href="/facts/William_McGurn/kqp93BqN">William McGurn</a>, a former speechwriter for <a href="/facts/George_W._Bush/mYSgM515">George W. Bush</a>, wrote an <a href="/facts/Op-ed/yHuuJoQD">op-ed</a> in the <i><a href="/facts/Wall_Street_Journal/9Pkf2cYK">Wall Street Journal</a></i> supporting the ads, arguing that "savage" was an appropriate term to describe jihadists, and criticizing "our new political correctness".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a> </p><p>During the 2012 tax year, the organization reported total revenue of $157,870.00, no employee salary or compensation, and total operating expenses of $296,044.00.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a> </p> <h3>2013</h3> <p>In early January 2013, the SIOA placed advertisements in <a href="/facts/New_York_City_Subway/1NKtIgLr">New York City Subway</a> stations. that juxtaposed images of the <a href="/facts/September_11_attacks/PfWQcQNx">September 11 attacks</a> with a quote from the <a href="/facts/Quran/39rkStko">Quran</a>: "Soon shall we cast terror into the hearts of the unbelievers."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a> By that time the <a href="/facts/New_York_City_Transit_Authority/Pjz6LVgV">New York City Transit Authority</a>, had changed its advertising policy to accept what it called "viewpoint advertisements" but to require a disclaimer saying that the Transit Authority did not endorse the advertiser's views.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a> </p><p>In the fiscal year 2013, the organization disclosed a complete revenue amounting to $958,800.00. Employee wages and benefits stood at $243,150.00, while the overall operational costs totaled $419,652.00.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a> </p> <h3>2014</h3> <p>In response to an ad by the <a href="/facts/American_Muslims_for_Palestine/8FQv6Ldr">American Muslims for Palestine</a> that the SIOA called "Jew-hating", the SIOA sponsored an ad on Washington, D.C., buses with a photograph of <a href="/facts/Adolf_Hitler/3zyXG1L8">Adolf Hitler</a> and <a href="/facts/Haj_Amin_al-Husseini/lRxWeaT7">Haj Amin al-Husseini</a>, the <a href="/facts/Grand_Mufti_of_Jerusalem/oRSsmR0N">Grand Mufti of Jerusalem</a> who supported the Nazi dictator before and during World War II.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55"><sup>55</sup></a> </p><p>In May, the <a href="/facts/U.S._Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Federal_Circuit/HWYvYRYa">U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit</a> ruled that the <a href="/facts/U.S._Patent_and_Trademark_Office/97KdJB6h">U.S. Patent and Trademark Office</a> was not required to grant SIOA a <a href="/facts/Trademark_registration/B23H8IS0">trademark registration</a> for its name because it could be disparaging to American Muslims. Geller criticized the ruling, calling it a "complete whitewash" and describing the court as having a <a href="/facts/Politically_correct/HGNd0J4b">politically correct</a> bias.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56"><sup>56</sup></a> </p> <h3>2015</h3> <p>In 2015 the SIOA started a new ad campaign in New York, that included one parody billboard with a quote from Hamas stating 'Killing Jews is worship that draws us close to Allah.' A court judgement in April 2015 ruled that New York's <a href="/facts/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority/FFxUG31Y">Metropolitan Transportation Authority</a> cannot prevent the ads from running on buses.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57"><sup>57</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58"><sup>58</sup></a> </p><p>In January 2015 a Muslim group organized a fundraiser called "Stand With the Prophet in Honor and Respect" at the <a href="/facts/Curtis_Culwell_Center/PAk4N1U2">Curtis Culwell Center</a> in <a href="/facts/Garland%2c_Texas/XLeMwtMh">Garland, Texas</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59"><sup>59</sup></a> Pamela Geller spearheaded about 1,000 picketers at that event.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60"><sup>60</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61"><sup>61</sup></a> The Garland Independent School District board president Rick Lambert said in January, "The Culwell Center is available for rental as long as you comply with the law. Because it is a public facility, the district is not allowed to discriminate based upon viewpoint."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62"><sup>62</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63"><sup>63</sup></a> </p> <h4>Garland shooting</h4> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Curtis_Culwell_Center_attack/nXKBPcPt">Curtis Culwell Center attack</a></p> <p>On May 3, 2015, the SIOA invited <a href="/facts/Geert_Wilders/qXpdjf1y">Geert Wilders</a> to an art exhibit in <a href="/facts/Garland%2c_Texas/XLeMwtMh">Garland, Texas</a> that offered a $10,000 prize for the best <a href="/facts/Depictions_of_Muhammad/IR9bFVR7">cartoon of Muhammad</a>. During the event, a shooting incident occurred.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64"><sup>64</sup></a> Both gunmen, later identified as <a href="/facts/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant/agpVzR4K">ISIL</a>-inspired,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65"><sup>65</sup></a> were shot and killed by police shortly after the suspects shot a security guard.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66"><sup>66</sup></a> </p><p>The SIOA says it spent $10,000 on security, and had 40 police officers and private security guards present.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67"><sup>67</sup></a> The event was hosted at the Curtis Culwell Center, rented from the <a href="/facts/Garland_Independent_School_District/JvAoQbX2">Garland Independent School District</a>, which hosted an event in January called "Stand with the Prophet".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68"><sup>68</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="stop-islamization-of-nations">Stop Islamization of Nations</h2> <p>Stop Islamization of Nations (SION) is an international counter-jihad<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69"><sup>69</sup></a> organization founded in 2012 by Pamela Geller and Robert Spencer of SIOA, and Anders Gravers Pedersen of SIOE. Other board members are Debbie Robinson, of <a href="/facts/Q_Society_of_Australia/DQz7sJL1">Q Society of Australia</a>;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70"><sup>70</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Ezra_Levant/LHV2TAug">Ezra Levant</a>, a Canadian publisher; <a href="/facts/Wafa_Sultan/7shywHS8">Wafa Sultan</a>, a Syrian-American writer; <a href="/facts/Ali_Sina_(activist)/q8PEX3Vo">Ali Sina</a>, an Iranian-born Canadian activist; Stefan Herre, a German author of the <a href="/facts/Politically_Incorrect_(blog)/QCIV1dEF">blog <i>Politically Incorrect</i></a>; <a href="/facts/Mordechai_Kedar/0wqwBEGW">Mordechai Kedar</a>, an Israeli author; Babu Suseelan, a Hindu activist; <a href="/facts/Oskar_Freysinger/K8NwLyBP">Oskar Freysinger</a>, a Swiss politician; <a href="/facts/Cliff_Kincaid/kRxUepwK">Cliff Kincaid</a>, editor of the <a href="/facts/Accuracy_in_Media/egJgHWe8">Accuracy in Media</a> Report; and Ashraf Rameleh the President of Voice of the Copts.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71"><sup>71</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72"><sup>72</sup></a> Pamela Geller and Robert Spencer are President and Vice President of SION.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73"><sup>73</sup></a> SION has taken part in hosting international counter-jihad conferences along with other organisations and multiple individual speakers, including in Stockholm, Sweden and New York City in 2012 and in Melbourne, Australia in 2014.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74"><sup>74</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://freedomdefense.typepad.com/">Official website</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Barnard, Anne; Feuer, Alan (October 10, 2010). "Outraged, And Outrageous". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 24, 2017. Retrieved February 18, 2017. <a href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E05EEDB113CF933A25753C1A9669D8B63&scp=3&st=cse&pagewanted=all" target="_blank">https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E05EEDB113CF933A25753C1A9669D8B63&scp=3&st=cse&pagewanted=all</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Kelly, Suzanne (December 10, 2015). "Why I Am Campaigning to Ban Donald Trump From the U.K." Time. Archived from the original on June 20, 2016. Retrieved June 28, 2016. <a href="https://time.com/4144268/ban-donald-trump-u-k/" target="_blank">https://time.com/4144268/ban-donald-trump-u-k/</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Hughes, Laura (January 17, 2016). "David Cameron: More Muslim women should 'learn English' to help tackle extremism". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on April 18, 2016. Retrieved June 28, 2016. <a href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/terrorism-in-the-uk/12104556/David-Cameron-More-Muslim-women-should-learn-English-to-help-tackle-extremism.html" target="_blank">https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/terrorism-in-the-uk/12104556/David-Cameron-More-Muslim-women-should-learn-English-to-help-tackle-extremism.html</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Faloyin, Dipo (December 17, 2016). "British Prime Minister Predicts the U.K. Will Unite Against Donald Trump". Newsweek. Archived from the original on August 9, 2016. Retrieved June 28, 2016. <a href="http://www.newsweek.com/british-prime-minister-predicts-uk-will-unite-against-donald-trump-406336" target="_blank">http://www.newsweek.com/british-prime-minister-predicts-uk-will-unite-against-donald-trump-406336</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Why Is Mainstream Jewish Philanthropy Funding anti-Muslim, Far Right Pamela Geller?". Haaretz. November 23, 2015. Archived from the original on June 14, 2016. Retrieved June 28, 2016. <a href="http://www.haaretz.com/jewish/features/1.687871" target="_blank">http://www.haaretz.com/jewish/features/1.687871</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Shoichet, Catherine; Pearson, Michael (May 4, 2015). "Garland, Texas, shooting suspect linked himself to ISIS in tweets". Time. Archived from the original on June 27, 2016. Retrieved June 28, 2016. <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2015/05/04/us/garland-mohammed-drawing-contest-shooting/" target="_blank">http://www.cnn.com/2015/05/04/us/garland-mohammed-drawing-contest-shooting/</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Calder, Rich; Edelman, Susan (April 21, 2015). "'Anti-Jihad' bus ads can't be blocked by MTA: judge". New York Post. Archived from the original on April 25, 2015. Retrieved June 28, 2015. <a href="https://nypost.com/2015/04/21/anti-jihad-bus-ads-cant-be-blocked-by-mta-judge/" target="_blank">https://nypost.com/2015/04/21/anti-jihad-bus-ads-cant-be-blocked-by-mta-judge/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Dungca, Nicole (November 23, 2015). "MBTA bans all ads on political and social issues". Boston Globe. Archived from the original on January 26, 2016. Retrieved June 28, 2016. <a href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/11/23/mbta-votes-ban-political-advertisements/K8xyzbqqf0dDf8X6y5luLI/story.html" target="_blank">https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/11/23/mbta-votes-ban-political-advertisements/K8xyzbqqf0dDf8X6y5luLI/story.html</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Miller, Michael E. (April 22, 2015). "'Killing Jews is Worship' posters will soon appear on NYC subways and buses". Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 11, 2016. Retrieved June 28, 2016. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2015/04/22/killing-jews-is-worship-posters-will-soon-appear-on-nyc-subways-and-buses/" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2015/04/22/killing-jews-is-worship-posters-will-soon-appear-on-nyc-subways-and-buses/</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Mulhall, Joe (2021). Drums In The Distance: Journeys Into the Global Far Right. Icon. ISBN 9781785787522. <a href="9781785787522" target="_blank">9781785787522</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Islamophobic: Ernst, Carl W. (2013). "Introduction: The Problem of Islamophobia". Islamophobia in America: The Anatomy of Intolerance. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1137290083. Kumar, Deepa (2012). Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire. Haymarket Books. p. 179. ISBN 978-1608462117. ...the other leading sources of anti-Muslim racism are... Pamela Geller and Robert Spencer's Stop Islamization of America... Davidson, Lawrence (May 2011). "Islamophobia, the Israel Lobby and American Paranoia: Letter from America". Holy Land Studies. 10 (1): 87–95. doi:10.3366/hls.2011.0005. Rice, Stephanie (July 28, 2010). "'Anti-Islamic' bus ads appear in major cities". Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on February 8, 2012. Retrieved January 31, 2012. In the Bay Area, more than 125 religious leaders of various faiths signed a statement in July denouncing the ads as "Islamophobic" Carpenter, Mackenzie (September 9, 2010). "Muslim center here copes with increased Islam-bashing". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Archived from the original on September 12, 2010. Retrieved November 16, 2011. Bazian, Hatem (2015). "The Islamophobia Industry and the Demonization of Palestine: Implications for American Studies". American Quarterly. 67 (4): 1057–1066. doi:10.1353/aq.2015.0073. ISSN 1080-6490. S2CID 146731799. Erich Goode (August 20, 2015). Deviant Behavior. Routledge. p. 317. ISBN 978-1-317-35066-8. David Whitten Smith; Elizabeth Geraldine Burr (August 21, 2014). Understanding World Religions: A Road Map for Justice and Peace. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 380. ISBN 978-1-4422-2644-9. CQ Researcher (May 24, 2016). Global Issues: Selections from CQ Researcher. SAGE Publications. p. 693. ISBN 978-1-5063-5340-1. 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Ideology and Contested Rhetorics Surrounding the Proposed Muslim Community Center near New York City's Ground Zero". In Clarke Rountree (ed.). Venomous Speech: Problems with American Political Discourse on the Right and Left. ABC-CLIO. p. 360. ISBN 9780313398674. Geller heads a small but vocal extreme right-wing group, called Stop Islamization of America. cf. note 4 (p.374) SIOA is associated with Stop Islamization of Europe, an organization with branches in nearly a dozen countries (mostly in Western Europe), founded by an eponymous Danish group that opposes immigration of Muslims to Europe. Nelson, Rebecca (January 10, 2013). "Anti-Muslim Ads Return to NYC Subways". Time. Archived from the original on August 11, 2016. Retrieved June 28, 2016. <a href="9780313398674" target="_blank">9780313398674</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Dungca, Nicole (November 23, 2015). "MBTA bans all ads on political and social issues". Boston Globe. 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