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Ravula language
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<h2 id="phonology">Phonology</h2> <p>Adiya's phonology is similar to Malayalam with a few differences. </p> <table><tbody><tr><th></th><th><a href="/facts/Front_vowel/htKQs3AT">Front</a></th><th><a href="/facts/Central_vowel/IFSaKUe9">Central</a></th><th><a href="/facts/Back_vowel/gyHoGCH0">Back</a></th></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Close_vowel/Ne6tHQHR">Close</a></th><td><a href="/facts/Close_front_unrounded_vowel/rSUdlCPU">i</a></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Close_back_rounded_vowel/gqlQLfse">u</a></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Near-close_vowel/uPhB2scU">Near-close</a></th><td><a href="/facts/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel/1eQAfkDy">ɪ</a></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel/4taYcT5v">ʊ</a></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Close-mid_vowel/rK07wQEd">Close-mid</a></th><td><a href="/facts/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel/e9YNLF97">e</a></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel/VwS9cKWJ">o</a></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Mid_vowel/uzjGLRhf">Mid</a></th><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Mid_central_vowel/CCx0wYy3">ə</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Open-mid_vowel/qkco8QqT">Open-mid</a></th><td><a href="/facts/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel/aDRvwE46">ɛ</a></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel/yMNUClGt">ɔ</a></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Open_vowel/roS0Y7lA">Open</a></th><td><a href="/facts/Open_front_unrounded_vowel/s80pvmYh">a</a></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>All vowels except for /ɪ,ə,ʊ,ɔ/ demonstrate contrastive vowel length.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>Consonants</h3> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"></th><th><a href="/facts/Bilabial_consonant/q2H5MUAe">Bilabial</a></th><th><a href="/facts/Dental_consonant/Yraaz9Nm">Dental</a></th><th><a href="/facts/Alveolar_consonant/B6VkW2EX">Alveolar</a></th><th><a href="/facts/Retroflex_consonant/lsBdJD4V">Retroflex</a></th><th><a href="/facts/Palatal_consonant/KLcKyXE8">Palatal</a></th><th><a href="/facts/Velar_consonant/blWClp79">Velar</a></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Nasal_consonant/m6D3cVhe">Nasal</a></th><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_bilabial_nasal/1pd7NK2x">m</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_dental_nasal/0CEs8314">n̪</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_alveolar_nasal/0CEs8314">n</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_retroflex_nasal/P7M5mWw6">ɳ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_palatal_nasal/dLa9YG49">ɲ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_velar_nasal/r6v5q92L">ŋ</a></td></tr><tr><th rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Stop_consonant/okC9pztc">Stop</a></th><th>voiceless</th><td><a href="/facts/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive/w4M9Igp6">p</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiceless_dental_plosive/1GaDe2Vy">t̪</a></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiceless_retroflex_plosive/o2FrLeV9">ʈ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiceless_palatal_plosive/nBqIqUIS">c</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiceless_velar_plosive/dDppVb6e">k</a></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Voice_(phonetics)/VdqrEGQ3">voiced</a></th><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_bilabial_plosive/6ReC9arR">b</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_dental_plosive/A6hNvmCp">d̪</a></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_retroflex_plosive/SQT2LTNM">ɖ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_palatal_plosive/otrWQbpW">ɟ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_velar_plosive/f6udTvfQ">g</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Fricative_consonant/1FQuuhfX">Fricative</a></th><td></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative/WLKtEYDe">s</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Approximant_consonant/SXrlw7zY">Approximant</a></th><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_labiodental_approximant/wtn3Wrzu">ʋ</a></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant/dgbHhqeK">l</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_approximant/LHNtHWAC">ɭ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_palatal_approximant/v0NVCbUh">j</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Trill_consonant/GKS3ga4q">Trill</a></th><td></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Voiced_alveolar_trill/rDplJobc">r</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Tribes in Malabar : A Socio-Economic Profile" (PDF). ShodhGanga. <a href="http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/11187/12/12_chapter%203.pdf" target="_blank">http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/11187/12/12_chapter%203.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Ravula Language". Ethnologue - Languages of the world. <a href="http://www.ethnologue.com/language/yea" target="_blank">http://www.ethnologue.com/language/yea</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Marti, Felix (2005). Words and Worlds: World Languages Review. Multilingual Matters. p. 238. ISBN 9781853598272. <a href="9781853598272" target="_blank">9781853598272</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Sinha, Anil Kishore (2008). Bio-social Issues in Health. Northern Book Centre. p. 506. ISBN 9788172112257. <a href="9788172112257" target="_blank">9788172112257</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Mallikarjun, B. (1993). A descriptive analysis of Yerava. Central Institute of Indian Languages. OCLC 901560296. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>