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Embedded SQL
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<h2 id="database-systems-that-support-embedded-sql">Database systems that support embedded SQL</h2> <h3>Altibase</h3> C/C++ APRE is an embedded SQL precompiler provided by <a href="/facts/Altibase/LvmURvYE">Altibase</a> Corp. for its DBMS server. <h3>IBM Db2</h3> <p><a href="/facts/IBM_Db2/2cYITuuY">IBM Db2</a> for Linux, UNIX and Windows supports embedded SQL for C, C++, Java, COBOL, FORTRAN and REXX although support for FORTRAN and REXX has been deprecated.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> </p> <h3>IBM Informix</h3> <p><a href="/facts/IBM_Informix/jDdeW93c">IBM Informix</a> version 14.10 for Linux, Unix, and Windows supports embedded SQL for C. <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a>} </p> <h3>Microsoft SQL Server</h3> C/C++ Embedded SQL for C has been deprecated as of <a href="/facts/Microsoft_SQL_Server/eCdt2JBL">Microsoft SQL Server</a> 2008 although earlier versions of the product support it.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> <h3>Mimer SQL</h3> <p><a href="/facts/Mimer_SQL/88K5koLW">Mimer SQL</a> for Linux, <a href="/facts/MacOS/Y93vVpTm">macOS</a>, <a href="/facts/OpenVMS/rAnHAgpD">OpenVMS</a> and Windows support embedded SQL.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> C/C++ Embedded SQL for C/C++ is supported on Linux, macOS, OpenVMS and Windows. COBOL Embedded SQL for COBOL is supported on OpenVMS. Fortran Embedded SQL for Fortran is supported on OpenVMS. <h3>Oracle Database</h3> <a href="/facts/Ada_(programming_language)/Y2yHel4l">Ada</a> Pro*Ada was officially desupported by <a href="/facts/Oracle_Corporation/0z14FygH">Oracle</a> in version 7.3. Starting with Oracle8, Pro*Ada was replaced by SQL*Module but appears to have not been updated since.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> SQL*Module is a module language that offers a different programming method from embedded SQL. SQL*Module supports the Ada83 language standard for Ada. C/C++ <a href="/facts/Pro*C/DcLtbpNb">Pro*C</a> became Pro*C/C++ with Oracle8. Pro*C/C++ is currently supported as of Oracle Database 11<i>g</i>. COBOL Pro*COBOL is currently supported as of Oracle Database 11<i>g</i>. Fortran Pro*FORTRAN is no longer updated as of Oracle8 but Oracle will continue to issue patch releases as bugs are reported and corrected.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Pascal_(programming_language)/b3yvp8bF">Pascal</a> Pro*Pascal was not released with Oracle8.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> <a href="/facts/PL/I/469mVYgd">PL/I</a> Pro*PL/I was not released with Oracle8. The <i>Pro*PL/I Supplement to the Oracle Precompilers Guide</i>, however, continued to make appearances in the Oracle Documentation Library until release 11<i>g</i>. As of release 12c, the Pro*PL/I has been removed from the Oracle Documentation Library.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> <h3>PostgreSQL</h3> C/C++ <a href="/facts/ECPG/JAxYVBmr">ECPG</a> is part of <a href="/facts/PostgreSQL/LHdXuHfl">PostgreSQL</a> since version 6.3. COBOL Cobol-IT is now distributing a COBOL precompiler for PostgreSQL Micro Focus provides support via their OpenESQL preprocessor <h3>SAP Sybase</h3> <p>SAP Sybase ASE 15.7 supports embedded SQL for C and COBOL as part of the Software Developer Kit <a href="/facts/Sybase/2U3d6RUt">Sybase</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p><p>SAP Sybase SQL Anywhere supports embedded SQL for C and C++ as part of the SQL Anywhere database management system <a href="/facts/SQL_Anywhere/hMxuvhhF">SQL Anywhere</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> </p><p>SAP Sybase IQ supports embedded SQL for C and C++ as part of the Sybase IQ database management system <a href="/facts/Sybase_IQ/XLsYXDac">Sybase IQ</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="embedded-sql-through-domain-specific-languages">Embedded SQL through domain-specific languages</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Language_Integrated_Query/qz61xeUf">LINQ-to-SQL</a> embeds a SQL-like language into <a href="/facts/List_of_CLI_languages/LnpaWLBK">.NET languages</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Java_Persistence_API/mdw15jQI">JPA</a> embeds a SQL-like language through <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/6/tutorial/doc/gjrij.html">Criteria API</a> into <a href="/facts/Java_(programming_language)/9ScgFyAL">Java</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Java_Object_Oriented_Querying/jdowdpuv">jOOQ</a> embeds a SQL-like language into <a href="/facts/Java_(programming_language)/9ScgFyAL">Java</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Language_binding/V5HW4Wr4">Language binding</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Module_SQL/I1Aco4Nr">Module SQL</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/PL/SQL/LLghPhdc">PL/SQL</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Pro*C/C%2B%2B/DcLtbpNb">Pro*C/C++</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/SQL/OLB/d5lFFt9s">SQL/OLB</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/SQL_PL/x6aPMLN9">SQL PL</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Transact-SQL/J1ArBRyF">Transact-SQL</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://infolab.stanford.edu/%7Eullman/fcdb/oracle/or-proc.html">Introduction to Pro*C Embedded SQL</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/databases/2006/12/07/embedded-sql-with-pro-c.html">Embedded SQL with Pro*C</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.oracle.com/cd/B10501_01/appdev.920/a58231/ch2.htm">SQL*Module for Ada Programmer's Guide, Release 8.0</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/ecpg.html">ECPG, PostgreSQL Documentation</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSGU8G_14.1.0/com.ibm.esqlc.doc/esqlc.html">ESQL/C, Informix Documentation</a>'</li> <li><a href="https://developer.mimer.com/article/embedded-sql-in-c/">Embedded SQL in C, Mimer SQL Developer</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"The Module Language Concept". SQL*Module for Ada Programmer's Guide, Release 8.0, Chapter 1. Introduction to SQL*Module. Oracle Corporation. Retrieved 2008-07-14. <a href="http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B10501_01/appdev.920/a58231/ch1.htm#2889" target="_blank">http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B10501_01/appdev.920/a58231/ch1.htm#2889</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"SQL Standard 2023 Chapter 21 Embedded SQL". ISO/IEC 9075-2:2023 Information technology — Database languages — SQL — Part 2: Foundation (SQL/Foundation). ISO. Retrieved 2023-08-17. <a href="https://www.iso.org/standard/76584.html" target="_blank">https://www.iso.org/standard/76584.html</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"DB2 Database for Linux, UNIX and Windows". Developing Embedded SQL Applications. IBM. Retrieved 2009-04-10. <a href="http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/db2luw/v9/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.db2.udb.apdv.embed.doc/doc/c0007014.htm" target="_blank">http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/db2luw/v9/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.db2.udb.apdv.embed.doc/doc/c0007014.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Informix Dynamic Server". IBM® Informix® ESQL/C. IBM. Retrieved 2020-03-31. <a href="https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSGU8G_14.1.0/com.ibm.esqlc.doc/esqlc.htm" target="_blank">https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSGU8G_14.1.0/com.ibm.esqlc.doc/esqlc.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Deprecated Database Engine Features in SQL Server 2008". SQL Server 2008 Books Online (March 2009). Microsoft. Retrieved 2009-04-10. <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms143729.aspx" target="_blank">http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms143729.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Embedded SQL". Mimer SQL Programmer's Manual latest version, Embedded SQL. Mimer SQL. <a href="https://docs.mimer.com/MimerSqlManual/latest/Manuals/Embedded_SQL/Embedded_SQL.htm" target="_blank">https://docs.mimer.com/MimerSqlManual/latest/Manuals/Embedded_SQL/Embedded_SQL.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Ada Support in Version 8". Oracle9i Database Migration, Release 2 (9.2), Chapter 5. Compatibility and Interoperability. Oracle Corporation. Retrieved 2008-07-14. <a href="http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B10501_01/server.920/a96530/migcompa.htm#1010868" target="_blank">http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B10501_01/server.920/a96530/migcompa.htm#1010868</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Language Alternatives". Pro*COBOL Precompiler Programmer's Guide, Release 8.0, Chapter 1. Introduction. Oracle Corporation. Retrieved 2008-07-14. <a href="http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/A64702_01/doc/server.805/a58232/ch01.htm#505" target="_blank">http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/A64702_01/doc/server.805/a58232/ch01.htm#505</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"Language Alternatives". Pro*COBOL Precompiler Programmer's Guide, Release 8.0, Chapter 1. Introduction. Oracle Corporation. Retrieved 2008-07-14. <a href="http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/A64702_01/doc/server.805/a58232/ch01.htm#505" target="_blank">http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/A64702_01/doc/server.805/a58232/ch01.htm#505</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"Language Alternatives". Pro*COBOL Precompiler Programmer's Guide, Release 8.0, Chapter 1. Introduction. Oracle Corporation. Retrieved 2008-07-14. <a href="http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/A64702_01/doc/server.805/a58232/ch01.htm#505" target="_blank">http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/A64702_01/doc/server.805/a58232/ch01.htm#505</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"EmbeddedSQL". SAP Sybase Products. SAP Sybase. Archived from the original on 2009-10-23. Retrieved 2012-09-05. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091023214433/http://www.sybase.com/products/allproductsa-z/softwaredeveloperkit/embeddedsql" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20091023214433/http://www.sybase.com/products/allproductsa-z/softwaredeveloperkit/embeddedsql</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"SAP Sybase SQL Anywhere". SAP Sybase Products. SAP Sybase. Archived from the original on 2013-05-01. Retrieved 2013-05-02. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130501030013/http://www54.sap.com/pc/tech/database/software/sybase-sql-anywhere/index.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20130501030013/http://www54.sap.com/pc/tech/database/software/sybase-sql-anywhere/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"SAP Sybase IQ". SAP Sybase Products. SAP Sybase. Archived from the original on 2013-05-04. Retrieved 2013-05-02. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130504025213/http://www54.sap.com/pc/tech/database/software/sybase-iq-big-data-management/index.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20130504025213/http://www54.sap.com/pc/tech/database/software/sybase-iq-big-data-management/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>