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Redones
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<h2 id="name">Name</h2> <p>They are mentioned as <i>R[h]edones</i> by <a href="/facts/Julius_Caesar/ptR603Gv">Caesar</a> (mid-1st c. BC),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> <i>Rhedones</i> (var. <i>r[h]iedones</i>, <i>s[hi]edones</i>) by <a href="/facts/Pliny_the_Elder/grx67ghR">Pliny</a> (1st c. AD),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> <i>Rhiḗdones</i> (‛Ριήδονες; var. ‛Ρηήδονες), <i>Rhḗdones</i> (Ῥήδονες) and <i>Rhēḯdones</i> (Ῥηΐδονες) by <a href="/facts/Ptolemy/htudGQTQ">Ptolemy</a> (2nd c. AD),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> and as <i>Redonas</i> in the <i><a href="/facts/Notitia_Dignitatum/vaEQ0945">Notitia Dignitatum</a></i> (5th c. AD).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> Their chief town is also attested on inscriptions as <i>civ]itas Ried[onum</i> and <i>[civ]itas Ried[onum]</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p> <p>The <a href="/facts/Gaulish/CAQo48pc">Gaulish</a> <a href="/facts/Ethnonym/fEFU3fYr">ethnonym</a> <i>Rēdones</i> means 'chariot-drivers' or 'horse-riders'. It stems from the <a href="/facts/Proto-Celtic_language/RLla8fIB">Celtic</a> root <i>rēd-</i> ('to ride, esp. a horse or horse-led chariot'; cf. Gallo-Lat. <i>rēda</i> 'chariot', <a href="/facts/Old_Irish/79xpaDv5">OIr.</a> <i>ríad</i> 'riding, driving, journey'; also Gallo-Lat. <i>paraue-redus</i> 'work-horse' and <i>ue-rēdus</i> 'post horse', <a href="/facts/Middle_Welsh/l7rvzqc1">MW.</a> <i>gorwydd</i> 'horse') attached to the suffix -<i>ones</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> </p><p>The original <i>Rēdones</i> led to a form <i>Riedones</i> after <a href="/facts/Diphthong/K8tWRvsx">diphthongisation</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> Following the discovery of inscriptions featuring this variant in the 1960s, some historians, including Anne-Marie Rouanet-Liesenfelt and Louis Pape,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> have argued that the form <i>Riedones</i> should be preferred over <i>Redones</i> in scholarship, which is not necessary according to linguist <a href="/facts/Pierre-Yves_Lambert/sAg28QAr">Pierre-Yves Lambert</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> </p><p>The city of <a href="/facts/Rennes/V89b3R3z">Rennes</a>, attested ca. 400 AD as <i>civitas Redonum</i> ('<a href="/facts/Civitas/k70VuV7c">civitas</a> of the Redones'; <i>Redonas</i> in 400–441; <i>Rennes</i> in 1294) is named after the Gallic tribe.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="geography">Geography</h2> <p>They lived on the peninsula of <a href="/facts/Brittany/XvquwmIg">Brittany</a> in the region which was known at the time as <a href="/facts/Armorica/GfloNVus">Armorica</a>. Although they controlled a narrow coastline in the southern part of the <a href="/facts/Mont-Saint-Michel_Bay/1JdkN5XT">Mont-Saint-Michel Bay</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> they did not have a direct opening to maritime trade.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Julius_Caesar/ptR603Gv">Caesar</a> mentions them among the <i>civitates maritimae</i> or <i><a href="/facts/Armorica/GfloNVus">Aremoricae</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> Their territory was located east of the <a href="/facts/Coriosolites/elLqKKKF">Coriosolites</a>, north of the <a href="/facts/Namnetes/qpk9BAER">Namnetes</a>, west of the <a href="/facts/Aulerci_Diablintes/xXSrWNbr">Aulerci Diablintes</a>, and southwest of the <a href="/facts/Venelli/snAqrTAQ">Venelli</a> and <a href="/facts/Abrincatui/hQS9ggPr">Abrincatui</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> </p><p>Their capital was known as Condate Redonum, and was at the site of modern day <a href="/facts/Rennes/V89b3R3z">Rennes</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>After the bloody fight on the <a href="/facts/Sambre/lT90l7Db">Sambre</a> (57 BC) <a href="/facts/Julius_Caesar/ptR603Gv">Julius Caesar</a> sent <a href="/facts/Publius_Licinius_Crassus_(son_of_triumvir)/DKWY9yvU">Publius Licinius Crassus</a> with a single legion into the country of the <a href="/facts/Veneti_(Gaul)/bq2HsnCe">Veneti</a>, Redones, and other <a href="/facts/Celt/eMCVYAFz">Celtic</a> tribes between the <a href="/facts/Seine_River/Chd1gSKo">Seine River</a> and the Loire, all of whom submitted. (<a href="/facts/Commentarii_de_Bello_Gallico/FQaJPwF9"><i>B. G.</i></a> ii. 34.) Caesar here enumerates the Redones among the maritime states whose territory extends to the <a href="/facts/Atlantic_Ocean/EI4uChIb">Atlantic Ocean</a>. In 52 BC the Redones with their neighbors sent a contingent to attack Caesar during the <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Alesia/cb6w7lHT">siege</a> of <a href="/facts/Alesia_(city)/HnbuyPSN">Alesia</a>. In this passage also (<i>B. G.</i> vii. 75), the Redones are enumerated among the states bordering on the ocean, which in the Celtic language were called the <a href="/facts/Armorica/GfloNVus">Armoric States</a>. <a href="/facts/D%2527Anville/DUzvaqe5">D'Anville</a> supposes that their territory extended beyond the limits of the diocese of Rennes into the dioceses of <a href="/facts/St._Malo/BS4HzQTD">St. Malo</a> and <a href="/facts/Dol-de-Bretagne/3zHR4j6w">Dol-de-Bretagne</a>. </p> <h3>Bibliography</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Xavier_Delamarre/jEyvFSxD">Delamarre, Xavier</a> (2003). <i>Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental</i>. Errance. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 9782877723695.</li> <li>Falileyev, Alexander (2010). <i>Dictionary of Continental Celtic Place-names: A Celtic Companion to the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World</i>. CMCS. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0955718236.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Venceslas_Kruta/7NuBmmgT">Kruta, Venceslas</a> (2000). <i>Les Celtes, histoire et dictionnaire : des origines à la romanisation et au christianisme</i>. Robert Laffont. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 2-221-05690-6.</li> <li>Lafond, Yves; Olshausen, Eckart (2006). "Redones". <i>Brill's New Pauly</i>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1574-9347_bnp_e1019800">10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e1019800</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Pierre-Yves_Lambert/sAg28QAr">Lambert, Pierre-Yves</a> (1994). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TjMcAQAAIAAJ"><i>La langue gauloise: description linguistique, commentaire d'inscriptions choisies</i></a>. Errance. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-2-87772-089-2.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Pierre-Yves_Lambert/sAg28QAr">Lambert, Pierre-Yves</a> (1997). "Gaulois tardif et latin vulgaire". <i>Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie</i>. 49–50 (1): 396–413. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fzcph.1997.49-50.1.396">10.1515/zcph.1997.49-50.1.396</a>. <a href="/facts/ISSN_(identifier)/DPAflDvU">ISSN</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1865-889X">1865-889X</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162600621">162600621</a>.</li> <li>Lorho, Thierry; Monteil, Martial (2013). "Entre Loire et baie du mont Saint-Michel (Pays de la Loire et Bretagne, France) : modes d'occupation du littoral au Haut-Empire". In Daire, Marie-Yvane (ed.). <i>Anciens peuplements littoraux et relations Homme/Milieu sur les côtes de l'Europe atlantique</i>. Archaeopress. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1407311913.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Ranko_Matasovi%25C4%2587/mn8JfIym">Matasović, Ranko</a> (2009). <i>Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic</i>. Brill. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 9789004173361.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Ernest_N%25C3%25A8gre/8JFK2JXF">Nègre, Ernest</a> (1990). <i>Toponymie générale de la France</i>. Librairie Droz. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-2-600-02883-7.</li> <li>Pape, Louis (1995). <i>La Bretagne romaine</i>. Ouest-France. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 2-7373-0531-4.</li> <li>Rouanet-Liesenfelt, Anne-Marie; Chastagnol, André; Sanquer, René (1980). <i>La civilisation des Riedones</i>. Éditions Archéologie en Bretagne. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 2-903399-01-8.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Richard_Talbert/PI7MAohV">Talbert, Richard J. A.</a> (2000). <i>Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World</i>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0691031699.</li></ul> <p> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/facts/Public_domain/YWKMDKw4">public domain</a>: <a href="/facts/William_Smith_(lexicographer)/FMSstmWB">Smith, William</a>, ed. (1854–1857). "Redones". <i><a href="/facts/Dictionary_of_Greek_and_Roman_Geography/rIQmdKEM">Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography</a></i>. London: John Murray. </p> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Kruta 2000, p. 790. - Kruta, Venceslas (2000). Les Celtes, histoire et dictionnaire : des origines à la romanisation et au christianisme. Robert Laffont. ISBN 2-221-05690-6. <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Caesar. Commentarii de Bello Gallico. 2:34; 7:75. <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" target="_blank">/wiki/Julius_Caesar</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Pliny. Naturalis Historia, 4:107. <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" target="_blank">/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Ptolemy. Geōgraphikḕ Hyphḗgēsis, 2:8:2, 2:8:9. <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" target="_blank">/wiki/Ptolemy</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Notitia Dignitatum, or 42:36. <a href="/wiki/Notitia_Dignitatum" target="_blank">/wiki/Notitia_Dignitatum</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Falileyev 2010, s.v. Riedones, Condate Redonum and Civitas Riedonum. - Falileyev, Alexander (2010). Dictionary of Continental Celtic Place-names: A Celtic Companion to the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. CMCS. ISBN 978-0955718236. <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>CIL XIII, 03151 <a href="/wiki/Corpus_Inscriptionum_Latinarum" target="_blank">/wiki/Corpus_Inscriptionum_Latinarum</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>CIL XIII, 03153 <a href="/wiki/Corpus_Inscriptionum_Latinarum" target="_blank">/wiki/Corpus_Inscriptionum_Latinarum</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Falileyev 2010, s.v. Riedones, Condate Redonum and Civitas Riedonum. - Falileyev, Alexander (2010). Dictionary of Continental Celtic Place-names: A Celtic Companion to the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. CMCS. ISBN 978-0955718236. <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Lambert 1994, p. 34. - Lambert, Pierre-Yves (1994). La langue gauloise: description linguistique, commentaire d'inscriptions choisies. Errance. ISBN 978-2-87772-089-2. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TjMcAQAAIAAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=TjMcAQAAIAAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Delamarre 2003, p. 256. - Delamarre, Xavier (2003). Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental. Errance. ISBN 9782877723695. <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Matasović 2009, p. 307. - Matasović, Ranko (2009). Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic. Brill. ISBN 9789004173361. <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Delamarre, Xavier (2014). "Notes d'étymologie gauloise". Wékwos. 1. ISSN 2426-5349. <a href="/wiki/Xavier_Delamarre" target="_blank">/wiki/Xavier_Delamarre</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Rouanet-Liesenfelt, Chastagnol & Sanquer 1980, p. 5. - Rouanet-Liesenfelt, Anne-Marie; Chastagnol, André; Sanquer, René (1980). La civilisation des Riedones. Éditions Archéologie en Bretagne. ISBN 2-903399-01-8. <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Pape 1995, p. 21; "...graphie qu’il convient d’utiliser de préférence à Redones étant donné les découvertes épigraphiques de Rennes en 1968." - Pape, Louis (1995). La Bretagne romaine. Ouest-France. ISBN 2-7373-0531-4. <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Lambert 1997, p. 399: La découverte de la forme Riedones, sur une inscription de Rennes, a semblé livrer "la vraie forme" de ce nom de peuple, et plusieurs historiens ont abandonné l'usage de Redones pour Riedones ... En fait, il ne parait pas nécessaire de renoncer a la forme traditionnelle Redones, que supposait avoir un -ē- (de *reid- 'aller en char'); mais l'évolution ē > ie est tout à fait isolée, et l'on hésite à la prendre en compte (plus tard, c'est le e bref accentué qui devient -ie- en français ancien)." - Lambert, Pierre-Yves (1997). "Gaulois tardif et latin vulgaire". Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie. 49–50 (1): 396–413. doi:10.1515/zcph.1997.49-50.1.396. ISSN 1865-889X. S2CID 162600621. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fzcph.1997.49-50.1.396" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fzcph.1997.49-50.1.396</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Nègre 1990, p. 156. - Nègre, Ernest (1990). Toponymie générale de la France. Librairie Droz. ISBN 978-2-600-02883-7. <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Kruta 2000, p. 790. - Kruta, Venceslas (2000). Les Celtes, histoire et dictionnaire : des origines à la romanisation et au christianisme. Robert Laffont. ISBN 2-221-05690-6. <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>Lorho & Monteil 2013, p. 351–352. - Lorho, Thierry; Monteil, Martial (2013). "Entre Loire et baie du mont Saint-Michel (Pays de la Loire et Bretagne, France) : modes d'occupation du littoral au Haut-Empire". In Daire, Marie-Yvane (ed.). Anciens peuplements littoraux et relations Homme/Milieu sur les côtes de l'Europe atlantique. Archaeopress. ISBN 978-1407311913. <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>Lafond & Olshausen 2006. - Lafond, Yves; Olshausen, Eckart (2006). "Redones". Brill's New Pauly. doi:10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e1019800. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1574-9347_bnp_e1019800" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1574-9347_bnp_e1019800</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>Talbert 2000, Map 7: Aremorica. - Talbert, Richard J. A. (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691031699. <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>Lafond & Olshausen 2006. - Lafond, Yves; Olshausen, Eckart (2006). "Redones". Brill's New Pauly. doi:10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e1019800. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1574-9347_bnp_e1019800" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1574-9347_bnp_e1019800</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>