Tilt test (geotechnical engineering)

<h2 id="tilt-angle">Tilt-angle</h2>
<p>The <i>tilt-angle</i> equals the material friction of the <a href="/facts/Discontinuity_(geotechnical_engineering)/rdG68UVf">discontinuity</a> wall plus the roughness i-angle (<i>tilt-angle</i> = <i>φwall material</i> + <i>i</i>) if no real cohesion is present (i.e. no cementing or gluing material between the two blocks), no infill material is present, the <a href="/facts/Asperity_(geotechnical_engineering)/pN5AvDkc">asperities</a> do not break, and the walls of the discontinuity are completely fitting at the start of the test, while if the walls of the discontinuity are completely non-fitting, the <i>tilt-angle</i> equals the friction of the material of the discontinuity walls (<i>tilt-angle</i> = <i>φwall material</i>). If cementation or gluing material is present or asperities break, the <i>tilt-angle</i> represents a combination of the (apparent or real) cohesion and the friction along the discontinuity. If infill material is present, the <i>tilt-angle</i> is governed partially or completely by the infill, depending on the thickness of the infill and height of asperities.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a>
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<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Direct_shear_test/S0YuKFUN">Direct shear test</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Triaxial_shear_test/5WWrt1q0">Triaxial shear test</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2>
<ul><li>Barton, N.R. (5–6 March 2008). "Shear Strength of Rockfill, Interfaces and Rock Joints, and their Points of Contact in Rock Dump Design". In Fourie, A. (ed.). <i>Rock Dumps 2008</i>. Perth, Australia: <a href="/facts/Nedlands/vCbhJ8fX">Nedlands</a>, W.A. : <a href="http://www.acg.uwa.edu.au/about_us">Australian Centre for Geomechanics</a>. pp. 3–17. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-9804185-3-8. {{cite conference}}: External link in |publisher= (help)</li></ul>
<ul><li>Price, D.G. (2008). De Freitas, M.H. (ed.). <i>Engineering Geology: Principles and Practice</i>. <a href="/facts/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media/nAesf6nT">Springer</a>. p. 450. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-3-540-29249-4.</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>Hoek, E.; Bray, J. (1974). Rock slope engineering. London: Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. pp. 358. ISBN 978-0-419-16010-6. <a href="978-0-419-16010-6" target="_blank">978-0-419-16010-6</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>Xian-Qin, H.; Cruden, D.M. (1992). "A portable tilting table for on-site tests of the friction angles of discontinuities in rock masses". Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology. 46 (1): 59–62. doi:10.1007/BF02595034. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:3"><p>Phien-wej, N.; Shrestha, U.B.; Rantucci, G. (1990). "Effect of infill thickness on shear behaviour of rock joints". In Barton, N.R.; Stephansson, O. (eds.). Rock Joints. Balkema (Taylor & Francis), Rotterdam. pp. 289–294. ISBN 978-90-6191-109-8. <a href="978-90-6191-109-8" target="_blank">978-90-6191-109-8</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
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Tilt test (geotechnical engineering)