Super star cluster

<h2 id="characteristics-and-properties">Characteristics and properties</h2>
The typical characteristics and properties of SSCs:

<ul><li>Mass 
 
 
 
 ≳
 
 
 {\displaystyle \gtrsim }
 
 105 M☉<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a></li>
<li>Radius ≈ 5 pc ≈ 1019 cm<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a></li>
<li>Age ≈ 100 Myr<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a> (although other sources state that observed SSCs have an age of 1 Gyr<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a>)</li>
<li>Large <a href="/facts/Electron/L0KBo5cW">electron</a> <a href="/facts/Density/92p6hh9I">densities</a> 
 
 
 
 
 n
 
 e
 
 
 
 
 {\displaystyle n_{\text{e}}}
 
 = 103–106 cm−3 (this is a property of the HII region associated with the SSC)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Pressure/eyc37GRG">Pressures</a> 
 
 
 
 P
 
 /
 
 
 
 {\displaystyle P/}
 
<a href="/facts/Boltzmann_constant/5DIejyR3">
 
 
 
 
 k
 
 B
 
 
 
 
 {\displaystyle k_{\text{B}}}
 
</a> = 107–1010 <a href="/facts/Kelvin/E3trzC4C">K</a>⋅cm−3.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a> (this is a property of the HII region associated with the SSC)</li></ul>
<h2 id="hubble-space-telescope-contributions">Hubble Space Telescope contributions</h2>
Given the relatively small size of SSCs compared to their host galaxies, astronomers have had trouble finding them in the past due to the limited resolution of the ground-based and space telescopes at the time. With the introduction of the <a href="/facts/Hubble_Space_Telescope/NQeIf0vw">Hubble Space Telescope (HST)</a> in the 1990s, finding SSCs (as well as other astronomical objects) became much easier thanks to the higher resolution of the HST (angular resolution of ~1/10 arcsecond<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a>). This has not only allowed astronomers to see SSCs, but also allowed for them to measure their properties as well as the properties of the individual stars within the SSC. Recently, a massive star, <a href="/facts/Westerlund_1-26/9IVlMTWB">Westerlund 1-26</a>, was discovered in the SSC Westerlund 1 in the Milky Way. The radius of this star is thought to be larger than the radius of Jupiter's orbit around the Sun.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a> Essentially, the HST searches the night sky, specifically nearby galaxies, for star clusters and "dense stellar objects" to see if any have the properties similar to that of a SSC or an object that would, in its lifetime, evolve into a globular cluster.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a>

<h2 id="list-of-sscs">List of SSCs</h2>
<table><tbody><tr><th>Name</th><th>Containedin Galaxy</th><th>Comments</th><th>Refs / Notes</th><th>Pictures</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Westerlund_1/60XM2tjV">Westerlund 1</a> (Wd1)</td><td><a href="/facts/Milky_Way/ulF6lccN">Milky Way Galaxy</a></td><td>First SSC discovered in the <a href="/facts/Milky_Way/ulF6lccN">Milky Way Galaxy</a>. This SSC was discovered by Bengt Westerlund in 1961.</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/NGC_3603/r2JpE8W4">NGC 3603</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Milky_Way/ulF6lccN">Milky Way Galaxy</a></td><td>Candidate for SSC</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/RCW_38/9XUeHusg">RCW 38</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Milky_Way_Galaxy/ulF6lccN">Milky Way Galaxy</a></td><td>Youngest SSC in the galaxy</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/NGC_2070/QLpRtcIS">NGC 2070</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Large_Magellanic_Cloud/7VYAehNa">Large Magellanic Cloud</a> (LMC)</td><td>Candidate for SSC</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/R136/a7x0SsJE">R136</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Large_Magellanic_Cloud/7VYAehNa">Large Magellanic Cloud</a> (LMC)</td><td>The prototype SSC, inside <a href="/facts/NGC_2070/QLpRtcIS">NGC 2070</a></td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/LMC_N79/Vc0MXLd0">H72.97-69.39</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Large_Magellanic_Cloud/7VYAehNa">Large Magellanic Cloud</a> (LMC)</td><td>Also known as HSO BMHERICC J072.9711-69.3911, it was discovered in 2017 in the star-forming region <a href="/facts/LMC_N79/Vc0MXLd0">LMC N79</a>. It overlaps with NGC 1722. Further studied with <a href="/facts/Atacama_Large_Millimeter_Array/1hLdJxsw">ALMA</a> and <a href="/facts/James_Webb_Space_Telescope/w4GAWnWX">JWST</a>.</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/NGC_346/zNgFXjb1">NGC 346</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Small_Magellanic_Cloud/jg9s2YCl">Small Magellanic Cloud</a> (SMC)</td><td>May be a SSC</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>NGC 1569 A1 and A2 (NGC 1569 A)</td><td><a href="/facts/NGC_1569/Gs1lH92P">NGC 1569</a></td><td>Clusters A1 and A2 formed SSC A</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>NGC 1569 B</td><td><a href="/facts/NGC_1569/Gs1lH92P">NGC 1569</a></td><td>It contains older population of red giants and red supergiants</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>NGC 5253's central SSC</td><td><a href="/facts/NGC_5253/GIElH5qn">NGC 5253</a></td><td>It is very dusty, and is the site of ongoing star formation. Particularly rich in <a href="/facts/O-type_star/Kcljmhe8">O-type stars</a>, containing at least 7,000.</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/05/050528143304.htm">Monster Super Star Cluster Discovered In Milky Way</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">Gallagher & Grebel (2002). "Extragalactic Star Clusters: Speculations on the Future". Extragalactic Star Clusters, IAU Symposium. 207: 207. arXiv:astro-ph/0109052. Bibcode:2002IAUS..207..745G. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">Johnson, Kelsey (2001). "The Properties of Super Star Clusters In A Sample of Starburst Galaxies" (PDF). Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Colorado at Boulder, 2001. Bibcode:2001PhDT.......182J. S2CID 117321058. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-02-27. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170227231823/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/998f/66fe062452fb32657a42a06c4818c2d5dd64.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20170227231823/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/998f/66fe062452fb32657a42a06c4818c2d5dd64.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">de Grijs, Richard (2003). ""Super" Star Clusters" (PDF). Dynamics and Evolution of Dense Stellar Systems, 25th Meeting of the IAU, Joint Discussion 11, 18 July 2003, Sydney, Australia. 25. Bibcode:2003IAUJD..11E...4D. Retrieved 2024-11-26. <a href="http://astro-expat.info/deGrijsJD11.pdf" target="_blank">http://astro-expat.info/deGrijsJD11.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">Kobulnicky, Henry A. & Johnson, Kelsey E. (1999). "Signatures of the Youngest Starbursts: Optically Thick Thermal Bremsstrahlung Radio Sources in Henize 2-10". Astrophysical Journal. 527 (1): 154–166. arXiv:astro-ph/9907233. Bibcode:1999ApJ...527..154K. doi:10.1086/308075. S2CID 15431678. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">Johnson (2004). "Extragalactic Ultracompact HII Regions: Probing the Birth Environments of Super Star Clusters". ASP Conference Series. 527: 322. arXiv:astro-ph/0405125. Bibcode:2004ASPC..322..339J. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">"Super Star Cluster Discovered in Our Own Milky Way - Universe Today". Universe Today. 2005-03-22. Retrieved 2017-02-10. <a href="http://www.universetoday.com/10360/super-star-cluster-discovered-in-our-own-milky-way/" target="_blank">http://www.universetoday.com/10360/super-star-cluster-discovered-in-our-own-milky-way/</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">Melo, V. P.; Muñoz-Tuñón, C.; Maíz-Apellániz, J.; Tenorio-Tagle, G. (2005-01-01). "Young Super Star Clusters in the Starburst of M82: The Catalog". The Astrophysical Journal. 619 (1): 270. arXiv:astro-ph/0409750. Bibcode:2005ApJ...619..270M. doi:10.1086/426421. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 16452890. <a href="http://stacks.iop.org/0004-637X/619/i=1/a=270" target="_blank">http://stacks.iop.org/0004-637X/619/i=1/a=270</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">Johnson, Kelsey (2001). "The Properties of Super Star Clusters In A Sample of Starburst Galaxies" (PDF). Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Colorado at Boulder, 2001. Bibcode:2001PhDT.......182J. S2CID 117321058. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-02-27. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170227231823/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/998f/66fe062452fb32657a42a06c4818c2d5dd64.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20170227231823/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/998f/66fe062452fb32657a42a06c4818c2d5dd64.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">Hunter, Deidre A.; O'Connell, Robert W. (2000). "The Star Clusters in the Starburst Irregular Galaxy NGC 1569". The Astronomical Journal. 20 (5): 2383–2401. arXiv:astro-ph/0009280. Bibcode:2000AJ....120.2383H. doi:10.1086/316810. S2CID 6445978. <a href="/wiki/Deidre_Hunter" target="_blank">/wiki/Deidre_Hunter</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">Maoz, D.; Barth, A. J.; Sternberg, A.; Filippenko, A. V.; Ho, L. C.; Macchetto, F. D.; Rix, H.-W.; Schneider, D. P. (1996-06-01). "Hubble Space Telescope Ultraviolet Images of Five Circumnuclear Star-Forming Rings". The Astronomical Journal. 111: 2248. arXiv:astro-ph/9604012. Bibcode:1996AJ....111.2248M. doi:10.1086/117960. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 12241545. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">Johnson, Kelsey (2001). "The Properties of Super Star Clusters In A Sample of Starburst Galaxies" (PDF). Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Colorado at Boulder, 2001. Bibcode:2001PhDT.......182J. S2CID 117321058. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-02-27. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170227231823/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/998f/66fe062452fb32657a42a06c4818c2d5dd64.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20170227231823/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/998f/66fe062452fb32657a42a06c4818c2d5dd64.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">Johnson, Kelsey (2001). "The Properties of Super Star Clusters In A Sample of Starburst Galaxies" (PDF). Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Colorado at Boulder, 2001. Bibcode:2001PhDT.......182J. S2CID 117321058. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-02-27. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170227231823/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/998f/66fe062452fb32657a42a06c4818c2d5dd64.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20170227231823/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/998f/66fe062452fb32657a42a06c4818c2d5dd64.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">Johnson, Kelsey (2001). "The Properties of Super Star Clusters In A Sample of Starburst Galaxies" (PDF). Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Colorado at Boulder, 2001. Bibcode:2001PhDT.......182J. S2CID 117321058. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-02-27. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170227231823/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/998f/66fe062452fb32657a42a06c4818c2d5dd64.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20170227231823/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/998f/66fe062452fb32657a42a06c4818c2d5dd64.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">de Grijs, Richard (2003). ""Super" Star Clusters" (PDF). Dynamics and Evolution of Dense Stellar Systems, 25th Meeting of the IAU, Joint Discussion 11, 18 July 2003, Sydney, Australia. 25. Bibcode:2003IAUJD..11E...4D. Retrieved 2024-11-26. <a href="http://astro-expat.info/deGrijsJD11.pdf" target="_blank">http://astro-expat.info/deGrijsJD11.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">Johnson (2004). "Extragalactic Ultracompact HII Regions: Probing the Birth Environments of Super Star Clusters". ASP Conference Series. 527: 322. arXiv:astro-ph/0405125. Bibcode:2004ASPC..322..339J. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">"FAQ – Frequently Asked Questions". www.spacetelescope.org. Retrieved 2017-03-18. <a href="https://www.spacetelescope.org/about/faq/" target="_blank">https://www.spacetelescope.org/about/faq/</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">Wallace, Amy (March 10, 2017). "Hubble finds young super star cluster, giant star". UPI. <a href="http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2017/03/10/Hubble-finds-young-super-star-cluster-giant-star/3391489160736/" target="_blank">http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2017/03/10/Hubble-finds-young-super-star-cluster-giant-star/3391489160736/</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">de Grijs, Richard (2003). ""Super" Star Clusters" (PDF). Dynamics and Evolution of Dense Stellar Systems, 25th Meeting of the IAU, Joint Discussion 11, 18 July 2003, Sydney, Australia. 25. Bibcode:2003IAUJD..11E...4D. Retrieved 2024-11-26. <a href="http://astro-expat.info/deGrijsJD11.pdf" target="_blank">http://astro-expat.info/deGrijsJD11.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">Clark, J. S.; Negueruela, I.; Crowther, P. A.; Goodwin, S. P. (2005). "On the massive stellar population of the super star cluster Westerlund 1". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 434 (3): 949. arXiv:astro-ph/0504342. Bibcode:2005A&A...434..949C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042413. S2CID 119042919. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:20">Fukui, Y.; Ohama, A.; Hanaoka, N.; Furukawa, N.; Torii, K.; Dawson, J. R.; Mizuno, N.; Hasegawa, K.; Fukuda, T.; Soga, S.; Moribe, N.; Kuroda, Y.; Hayakawa, T.; Kawamura, A.; Kuwahara, T.; Yamamoto, H.; Okuda, T.; Onishi, T.; Maezawa, H.; Mizuno, A. (2014). "Molecular Clouds Toward the Super Star Cluster Ngc 3603; Possible Evidence for a Cloud-Cloud Collision in Triggering the Cluster Formation". The Astrophysical Journal. 780 (1): 36. arXiv:1306.2090. Bibcode:2014ApJ...780...36F. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/780/1/36. S2CID 53118305. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:21">Fukui, Y.; et al. (March 2016). "The Two Molecular Clouds in RCW 38: Evidence for the Formation of the Youngest Super Star Cluster in the Milky Way Triggered by Cloud-Cloud Collision". The Astrophysical Journal. 820 (1). id. 26. arXiv:1504.05391. Bibcode:2016ApJ...820...26F. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/820/1/26. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2F0004-637X%2F820%2F1%2F26" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3847%2F0004-637X%2F820%2F1%2F26</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:22">Massey, Philip; Hunter, Deidre A. (1998). "Star Formation in R136: A Cluster of O3 Stars Revealed by Hubble Space Telescope Spectroscopy". The Astrophysical Journal. 493 (1): 180–194. Bibcode:1998ApJ...493..180M. doi:10.1086/305126. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F305126" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1086%2F305126</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:23">Ochsendorf, Bram B.; Zinnecker, Hans; Nayak, Omnarayani; Bally, John; Meixner, Margaret; Jones, Olivia C.; Indebetouw, Remy; Rahman, Mubdi (2017-10-01). "The star-forming complex LMC-N79 as a future rival to 30 Doradus". Nature Astronomy. 1 (11): 784–790. arXiv:1710.00805. Bibcode:2017NatAs...1..784O. doi:10.1038/s41550-017-0268-0. ISSN 2397-3366. <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatAs...1..784O/abstract" target="_blank">https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatAs...1..784O/abstract</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:24">"NGC 1722". simbad.cds.unistra.fr. Retrieved 2025-01-16. <a href="https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=NGC+1722&submit=SIMBAD+search" target="_blank">https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=NGC+1722&submit=SIMBAD+search</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:25">Nayak, O.; Meixner, M.; Sewiło, M.; Ochsendorf, B.; Bolatto, A.; Indebetouw, R.; Kawamura, A.; Onishi, T.; Fukui, Y. (2019-06-01). "ALMA Reveals Kinematics of Super Star Cluster Candidate H72.97-69.39 in LMC-N79". The Astrophysical Journal. 877 (2): 135. Bibcode:2019ApJ...877..135N. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab1b38. ISSN 0004-637X. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Fab1b38" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Fab1b38</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:26">Nayak, Omnarayani; Hirschauer, Alec S.; Kavanagh, Patrick J.; Meixner, Margaret; Chu, Laurie; Habel, Nolan; Jones, Olivia C.; Lenkić, Laura; Nally, Conor; Reiter, Megan; Robberto, Massimo; Sargent, B. A. (2024-03-01). "JWST Mid-infrared Spectroscopy Resolves Gas, Dust, and Ice in Young Stellar Objects in the Large Magellanic Cloud". The Astrophysical Journal. 963 (2): 94. Bibcode:2024ApJ...963...94N. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad18bc. ISSN 0004-637X. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Fad18bc" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Fad18bc</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:27">Nayak, Omnarayani; Nally, Conor; Hirschauer, Alec S.; Jones, Olivia C.; Jaspers, Jeroen; Lenkić, Laura; Meixner, Margaret; Habel, Nolan; Reiter, Megan; Chu, Laurie; Kavanagh, Patrick J.; Robberto, Massimo; Sargent, B. A. (2024-11-01). "Embedded Young Stellar Objects near H72.97-69.39: A Forming Super Star Cluster in N79". The Astrophysical Journal. 975 (2): 262. Bibcode:2024ApJ...975..262N. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad7baf. ISSN 0004-637X. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Fad7baf" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Fad7baf</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:28">Sabbi, E.; Nota, A.; Cignoni, M.; Degl'Innocenti, S.; De Marchi, G.; Gallagher, J. S.; Panagia, N.; Prada Moroni, P. G.; Romaniello, M.; Smith1, L. J.; Sirianni, M.; Tosi, M. (2011). "NGC 346: Tracing the Evolution of a Super Star Cluster". Stellar Clusters & Associations: A Ria Workshop on Gaia: 244–249. Bibcode:2011sca..conf..244S.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) <a href="/wiki/Antonella_Nota" target="_blank">/wiki/Antonella_Nota</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:29">Hunter, Deidre A.; O'Connell, Robert W.; Gallagher, J. S.; Smecker-Hane, Tammy A. (2000). "The Star Clusters in the Starburst Irregular Galaxy NGC 1569". The Astronomical Journal. 120 (5): 2383. arXiv:astro-ph/0009280. Bibcode:2000AJ....120.2383H. doi:10.1086/316810. S2CID 6445978. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:30">Hunter, Deidre A.; O'Connell, Robert W.; Gallagher, J. S.; Smecker-Hane, Tammy A. (2000). "The Star Clusters in the Starburst Irregular Galaxy NGC 1569". The Astronomical Journal. 120 (5): 2383. arXiv:astro-ph/0009280. Bibcode:2000AJ....120.2383H. doi:10.1086/316810. S2CID 6445978. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

Super star cluster open-in-new

Super star cluster