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<h2 id="software-components">Software components</h2> <h3>MongoDB</h3> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/MongoDB/9myQKGoY">MongoDB</a></p> <p>MongoDB is a NoSQL database program that uses JSON-like <a href="/facts/BSON/jK9eaM0x">BSON</a> (binary JSON) documents with optional schemas. </p><p>The role of the database in the MEAN stack is very commonly filled by MongoDB because its use of JSON-like documents for interacting with data as opposed to the row/column model allows it to integrate well with the other (JavaScript-based) components of the stack.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> </p> <h3>Express.js</h3> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Express.js/EJKbXAL4">Express.js</a></p> <p>Express.js (also referred to as Express) is a modular web application framework package for <a href="/facts/Node.js/FKzhV4Qa">Node.js</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p><p>While Express is capable of acting as an internet-facing web server, even supporting SSL/TLS out of the box, it is often used in conjunction with a <a href="/facts/Reverse_proxy/bN4HFUEC">reverse proxy</a> such as <a href="/facts/Nginx/AlTYUuTp">NGINX</a> or <a href="/facts/Apache_HTTP_Server/tcmWYYUq">Apache</a> for performance reasons.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> </p> <h3>Angular and alternatives</h3> <p class="note">Main articles: <a href="/facts/Angular_(web_framework)/tkAQu3A3">Angular (web framework)</a>, <a href="/facts/React_(JavaScript_library)/wEllNzoY">React (JavaScript library)</a>, and <a href="/facts/Vue.js/AojblWPD">Vue.js</a></p> <p>Typically data is fetched using <a href="/facts/Ajax_(programming)/cS0P0whT">Ajax</a> techniques and rendered in the browser on the client-side by a client-side application framework, however as the stack is commonly entirely JavaScript-based, in some implementations of the stack, server-side rendering where the rendering of the initial page can be offloaded to a server is used so that the initial data can be prefetched before it is loaded in the user's browser.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p> <h3>Node.js</h3> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Node.js/FKzhV4Qa">Node.js</a></p> <p>Node.js is the application runtime that the MEAN stack runs on. </p><p>The use of Node.js, which is said to represent a "JavaScript Everywhere" paradigm,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> is integral to the MEAN stack which relies on that concept. </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/LAMP_(software_bundle)/vUeXaEXW">LAMP (software bundle)</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_Apache%E2%80%93MySQL%E2%80%93PHP_packages/3nHFgWJU">List of all Apache/MySQL/PHP stacks</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/LYME_(software_bundle)/BXuDz3tb">LYME (software bundle)</a> – a stack based on Erlang</li></ul> <h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2> <ul><li>Haviv, Amos Q. (2014). <a href="https://www.packtpub.com/web-development/mean-web-development"><i>MEAN Web Development: Master real-time web application development using a mean combination of MongoDB, Express, Angular JS, and Node.js</i></a>. Birmingham, UK: Packt Publishing. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1783983285.</li> <li>Holmes, Simon (2019). <i>Getting MEAN with Mongo, Express, Angular, and Node, Second Edition</i>. Shelter Island, NY: Manning Publishing. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 9781617294754.</li> <li>Holmes, Simon (2015). <i>Getting MEAN with Mongo, Express, AngularJs, and Node</i>. Shelter Island, NY: Manning Publishing. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 9781617292033.</li> <li>Dickey, Jeff (2014). <i>Write Modern Web Apps with the MEAN Stack: Mongo, Express, AngularJS, and Node.js (Develop and Design)</i>. San Francisco, CA: Peachpit Press. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0133930153.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"us-en_cloud_learn_mean-stack-explained". www.ibm.com. IBM Cloud Education. 2019-05-09. Archived from the original on 2020-05-14. Retrieved 2020-02-16. <a href="https://www.ibm.com/cloud/learn/mean-stack-explained" target="_blank">https://www.ibm.com/cloud/learn/mean-stack-explained</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Dickey, Jeff (2014-09-24). Write Modern Web Apps with the MEAN Stack: Mongo, Express, AngularJS, and Node.js. Peachpit Press. ISBN 9780133962376. <a href="9780133962376" target="_blank">9780133962376</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"MERN Stack Explained". Archived from the original on 2023-04-27. <a href="https://www.mongodb.com/mern-stack" target="_blank">https://www.mongodb.com/mern-stack</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"How to Use MERN Stack: A Complete Guide". Archived from the original on 2023-03-21. <a href="https://www.mongodb.com/languages/mern-stack-tutorial" target="_blank">https://www.mongodb.com/languages/mern-stack-tutorial</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"LAMP vs MEAN, Deciding the right stack for your startup". www.linkedin.com. Retrieved 2020-02-16. <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/lamp-vs-mean-deciding-right-stack-your-startup-robert-roose" target="_blank">https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/lamp-vs-mean-deciding-right-stack-your-startup-robert-roose</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"The MEAN Stack: MongoDB, ExpressJS, Angular and Node.js". Tumblr. Apr 30, 2013. <a href="http://blog.mongodb.org/post/49262866911/the-mean-stack-mongodb-expressjs-angularjs-and" target="_blank">http://blog.mongodb.org/post/49262866911/the-mean-stack-mongodb-expressjs-angularjs-and</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Mean Stack". LinkedIn. <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/groups/Mean-Stack-5070069" target="_blank">https://www.linkedin.com/groups/Mean-Stack-5070069</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"The most popular database for modern apps". MongoDB. Retrieved 2020-02-16. <a href="https://www.mongodb.com/" target="_blank">https://www.mongodb.com/</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"Express - Node.js web application framework". expressjs.com. Retrieved 2020-02-16. <a href="https://expressjs.com/" target="_blank">https://expressjs.com/</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>II, Thomas Hunter (2019-03-28). "Why should I use a Reverse Proxy if Node.js is Production-Ready?". Medium. Retrieved 2020-02-16. <a href="https://medium.com/intrinsic/why-should-i-use-a-reverse-proxy-if-node-js-is-production-ready-5a079408b2ca" target="_blank">https://medium.com/intrinsic/why-should-i-use-a-reverse-proxy-if-node-js-is-production-ready-5a079408b2ca</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"Features - Server Side Rendering | Next.js". nexts.org. Retrieved 2020-02-16. <a href="https://nexts.org/features/server-side-rendering" target="_blank">https://nexts.org/features/server-side-rendering</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"JavaScript Everywhere and the Three Amigos (WebSphere: Into the wild BLUE yonder!)". 2013-11-14. Archived from the original on 2013-11-14. Retrieved 2020-02-16. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131114212619/https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/community/blogs/gcuomo/entry/javascript_everywhere_and_the_three_amigos?lang=en" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20131114212619/https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/community/blogs/gcuomo/entry/javascript_everywhere_and_the_three_amigos?lang=en</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>