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CHAYKA
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<h2 id="chayka-chains">Chayka-Chains</h2> <p>Chayka, like LORAN-C, uses different <a href="/facts/Pulse_repetition_frequency/2UlYyIPL">pulse repetition frequencies</a> (Group Repetition Intervals, or GRIs) to allow the identification of different stations operating on the same frequencies. </p><p>There are 5 Chayka chains in use: </p> <ul><li>GRI 8000 — Western (European) Russia Chayka Chain (1969, RSDN-3/10)</li> <li>GRI 7950 — Eastern Russia Chayka Chain (1986, RSDN-4)</li> <li>GRI 5980 — Russian-American Chayka Chain (1995)</li> <li>GRI 5960 — Northern Chayka Chain (1996, RSDN-5)</li> <li>GRI 4970 — North-Western Chayka Chain</li> <li>And also North-Caucasian, South-Ural (GRI 5970), <a href="/facts/Siberia/oaCoPEjF">Siberian</a>, <a href="/facts/Angarsk/spVI41jl">Angarsk</a>, <a href="/facts/Sayansk/XcKq3JyA">Sayansk</a>, <a href="/facts/Transbaikal/y5PapqlT">Transbaikalian</a>, Far East chains deployed on the basis of low-power mobile stations RSDN-10.</li></ul> <h2 id="chayka-transmitters">Chayka Transmitters</h2> <p>The following Chayka transmitters work with very high power and may use very tall mast antennas (similar to <a href="/facts/LORAN-C/KsBbzDGk">LORAN-C</a> transmitters). The masts at Dudinka and Taymylyr (demolished in 2009) were 460 metres high. </p> <h3>GRI 8000</h3> <table><tbody><tr><th>#</th><th>Place</th><th>Coordinates</th><th>Emission delay, μs</th><th>Coding delay, μs</th><th>Transmission power, kW</th></tr><tr><td>M</td><td><a href="/facts/Karachev/p83ReVEy">Karachev</a> (44 km from <a href="/facts/Bryansk/NstflGnG">Bryansk</a>)</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=CHAYKA¶ms=53_7_50.6_N_34_54_44.8_E_type:landmark_region:RU">53°7′50.6″N 34°54′44.8″E / 53.130722°N 34.912444°E / 53.130722; 34.912444</a></td><td></td><td></td><td>450</td></tr><tr><td>W/1</td><td><a href="/facts/Petrozavodsk/mDTYm2h1">Petrozavodsk</a></td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=CHAYKA¶ms=61_45_32.4_N_33_41_40.4_E_type:landmark_region:RU">61°45′32.4″N 33°41′40.4″E / 61.759000°N 33.694556°E / 61.759000; 33.694556</a></td><td>13217.21</td><td>10000</td><td>700</td></tr><tr><td>X/2</td><td><a href="/facts/Chayka_transmitter_Slonim/djUpwRIK">Slonim</a> (<a href="/facts/Belarus/vweHwgob">Belarus</a>)</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=CHAYKA¶ms=53_7_55.2_N_25_23_46_E_type:landmark_region:BY">53°7′55.2″N 25°23′46″E / 53.132000°N 25.39611°E / 53.132000; 25.39611</a></td><td>27125.00</td><td>25000</td><td>450</td></tr><tr><td>Y/3</td><td><a href="/facts/Simferopol/TYUo7VNc">Simferopol</a></td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=CHAYKA¶ms=44_53_20.18_N_33_52_23.79_E_type:landmark_region:UA">44°53′20.18″N 33°52′23.79″E / 44.8889389°N 33.8732750°E / 44.8889389; 33.8732750</a></td><td>53070.25</td><td>50000</td><td>550</td></tr><tr><td>Z/4</td><td><a href="/facts/Syzran/KWtxlYgJ">Syzran</a></td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=CHAYKA¶ms=53_17_17.6_N_48_6_53.4_E_type:landmark_region:RU">53°17′17.6″N 48°6′53.4″E / 53.288222°N 48.114833°E / 53.288222; 48.114833</a></td><td>67941.60</td><td>65000</td><td>700</td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>GRI 7950</h3> <table><tbody><tr><th>#</th><th>Place</th><th>Coordinates</th><th>Emission delay, μs</th><th>Coding delay, μs</th><th>Transmission power, kW</th></tr><tr><td>M</td><td><a href="/facts/Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky_(town)/YWEPvPLK">Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky</a></td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=CHAYKA¶ms=51_4_42.81_N_142_42_4.95_E_type:landmark_region:RU">51°4′42.81″N 142°42′4.95″E / 51.0785583°N 142.7013750°E / 51.0785583; 142.7013750</a></td><td></td><td></td><td>700</td></tr><tr><td>W/1</td><td><a href="/facts/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky/AJpr0eDu">Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky</a></td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=CHAYKA¶ms=53_7_48.26_N_157_41_49.1_E_type:landmark_region:RU">53°7′48.26″N 157°41′49.1″E / 53.1300722°N 157.696972°E / 53.1300722; 157.696972</a></td><td>14506.5</td><td>11000</td><td>700</td></tr><tr><td>X/2</td><td><a href="/facts/Ussuriysk/1h3Yt6js">Ussuriysk</a></td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=CHAYKA¶ms=44_31_58.24_N_131_38_28.6_E_type:landmark_region:RU">44°31′58.24″N 131°38′28.6″E / 44.5328444°N 131.641278°E / 44.5328444; 131.641278</a></td><td>33678.0</td><td>30000</td><td>700</td></tr><tr><td>Y/3</td><td><a href="/facts/LORAN-C_transmitter_Tokachibuto/raqaI2b9">Tokachibuto</a> (Japan)</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=CHAYKA¶ms=42_44_37.2_N_143_43_10.5_E_type:landmark_region:RU">42°44′37.2″N 143°43′10.5″E / 42.743667°N 143.719583°E / 42.743667; 143.719583</a></td><td>49104.15</td><td>46000</td><td>600</td></tr><tr><td>Z/4</td><td><a href="/facts/Okhotsk/xLhU3xYM">Okhotsk</a></td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=CHAYKA¶ms=59_25_1.77_N_143_5_18.68_E_type:landmark_region:RU">59°25′1.77″N 143°5′18.68″E / 59.4171583°N 143.0885222°E / 59.4171583; 143.0885222</a></td><td>64102.05</td><td>61000</td><td>10</td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>GRI 5980</h3> <table><tbody><tr><th>#</th><th>Place</th><th>Coordinates</th><th>Emission delay, μs</th><th>Coding delay, μs</th><th>Transmission power, kW</th></tr><tr><td>M</td><td><a href="/facts/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky/AJpr0eDu">Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky</a></td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=CHAYKA¶ms=53_7_48.26_N_157_41_49.1_E_type:landmark_region:RU">53°7′48.26″N 157°41′49.1″E / 53.1300722°N 157.696972°E / 53.1300722; 157.696972</a></td><td></td><td></td><td>700</td></tr><tr><td>W/1</td><td><a href="/facts/Attu_Island/LoY1ha7U">Attu Island</a> (United States)</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=CHAYKA¶ms=52_49_44_N_173_10_49.7_E_type:landmark_region:US">52°49′44″N 173°10′49.7″E / 52.82889°N 173.180472°E / 52.82889; 173.180472</a></td><td>14506.5</td><td>11000</td><td>400</td></tr><tr><td>X/2</td><td><a href="/facts/Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky_(town)/YWEPvPLK">Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky</a></td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=CHAYKA¶ms=51_4_42.80_N_142_42_4.95_E_type:landmark_region:RU">51°4′42.80″N 142°42′4.95″E / 51.0785556°N 142.7013750°E / 51.0785556; 142.7013750</a></td><td>31506.5</td><td>28000</td><td>700</td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>GRI 5960</h3> <p>(No longer in service) </p> <table><tbody><tr><th>#</th><th>Place</th><th>Coordinates</th><th>Emission delay, μs</th><th>Coding delay, μs</th><th>Transmission power, kW</th></tr><tr><td>M</td><td><a href="/facts/Dudinka/14joYfEI">Dudinka</a></td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=CHAYKA¶ms=69_21_45.20_N_86_41_50.56_E_type:landmark_region:RU">69°21′45.20″N 86°41′50.56″E / 69.3625556°N 86.6973778°E / 69.3625556; 86.6973778</a></td><td></td><td></td><td>1200</td></tr><tr><td>W/1</td><td><a href="/facts/Taymylyr/BVxU202k">Taymylyr</a></td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=CHAYKA¶ms=72_34_48.92_N_122_06_40.29_E_type:landmark_region:RU">72°34′48.92″N 122°06′40.29″E / 72.5802556°N 122.1111917°E / 72.5802556; 122.1111917</a></td><td></td><td></td><td>1200</td></tr><tr><td>X/2</td><td><a href="/facts/Pankratiev_Island/2CDJsNQK">Pankratiev Island</a></td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=CHAYKA¶ms=76_7_34_N_60_12_55_E_type:landmark_region:RU">76°7′34″N 60°12′55″E / 76.12611°N 60.21528°E / 76.12611; 60.21528</a></td><td></td><td></td><td>250</td></tr><tr><td>Y/3</td><td><a href="/facts/Inta/A1UGEtC3">Inta</a></td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=CHAYKA¶ms=65_57_59.57_N_60_18_33.5_E_type:landmark_region:RU">65°57′59.57″N 60°18′33.5″E / 65.9665472°N 60.309306°E / 65.9665472; 60.309306</a></td><td></td><td></td><td>1200</td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>GRI 4970</h3> <table><tbody><tr><th>#</th><th>Place</th><th>Coordinates</th><th>Emission delay, μs</th><th>Coding delay, μs</th><th>Transmission power, kW</th></tr><tr><td>M</td><td><a href="/facts/Inta/A1UGEtC3">Inta</a></td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=CHAYKA¶ms=65_57_59.57_N_60_18_33.5_E_type:landmark_region:RU">65°57′59.57″N 60°18′33.5″E / 65.9665472°N 60.309306°E / 65.9665472; 60.309306</a></td><td></td><td></td><td>1200</td></tr><tr><td>W/1</td><td><a href="/facts/Tumanny/LlCFGxTu">Tumanny</a></td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=CHAYKA¶ms=69_3_8.4_N_35_40_14.3_E_type:landmark_region:RU">69°3′8.4″N 35°40′14.3″E / 69.052333°N 35.670639°E / 69.052333; 35.670639</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>X/2</td><td><a href="/facts/Pankratiev_Island/2CDJsNQK">Pankratiev Island</a></td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=CHAYKA¶ms=76_7_34_N_60_12_55_E_type:landmark_region:RU">76°7′34″N 60°12′55″E / 76.12611°N 60.21528°E / 76.12611; 60.21528</a></td><td></td><td></td><td>250</td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>GRI 5970</h3> <table><tbody><tr><th>#</th><th>Place</th><th>Coordinates</th><th>Emission delay, μs</th><th>Coding delay, μs</th><th>Transmission power, kW</th></tr><tr><td>M</td><td><a href="/facts/Yuzhno-Uralsk/TS3G1NgU">Yuzhno-Uralsk</a></td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=CHAYKA¶ms=54_23.1_N_61_20.6_E_type:landmark_region:RU">54°23.1′N 61°20.6′E / 54.3850°N 61.3433°E / 54.3850; 61.3433</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>W/1</td><td><a href="/facts/Yekaterinburg/PgF4pldC">Yekaterinburg</a></td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=CHAYKA¶ms=56_44.8_N_60_31.6_E_type:landmark_region:RU">56°44.8′N 60°31.6′E / 56.7467°N 60.5267°E / 56.7467; 60.5267</a></td><td>15895,1</td><td>15000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>X/2</td><td><a href="/facts/Kurgan,_Kurgan_Oblast/PWat12gx">Kurgan</a></td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=CHAYKA¶ms=55_22.2_N_65_22.6_E_type:landmark_region:RU">55°22.2′N 65°22.6′E / 55.3700°N 65.3767°E / 55.3700; 65.3767</a></td><td>30939,5</td><td>30000</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/LORAN/raqaI2b9">LORAN</a>, the Western counterpart of Chayka</li> <li><a href="/facts/Alpha_(radio_navigation)/acRFU6Lo">Alpha</a>, the Russian counterpart of the <a href="/facts/Omega_Navigation_System/oMTrlH4c">Omega Navigation System</a>, still in use as of November 2017.</li> <li><a href="/facts/OMEGA_Navigation_System/oMTrlH4c">OMEGA</a>, the Western counterpart of the Alpha Navigation System, no longer in use.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Russian_460_metre_radio_mast/gsawknh5">Russian 460 metre radio mast</a></li></ul>