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Mount Makiling
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<h2 id="mythology-and-legend">Mythology and Legend</h2> <p>Maria Makiling is a beautiful fairy or goddess who watches over the mountain. She is known for her beauty and is often shown with accompanied by tiny winged fairies called lambana. She protects the mountain and helps the people who rely on it for food and resources. Some stories also say that the nearby lake, <a href="/facts/Laguna_de_Bay/0h08EJUQ">Laguna de Bay</a>, and its fish are part of her care. According to legend, she was sent by <a href="/facts/Bathala/CApomdam">Bathalà</a>, a powerful god, to help the people in their daily lives.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p><p><a href="/facts/Maria_Makiling/cHc6XCm0">Maria Makiling</a> was the protector and guardian of Mount Makiling. Thus, modern sightings of her were even reported. Maria Makiling is a common subject among Filipino artists, ranging from painters and sculptors to <a href="/facts/Graphic_Novel/sWyy9KAg">graphic novelists</a>. Prior to the conversion of the natives to Christianity, Maria Makiling was already known as <i>Makiling</i>, a diwata sent by <a href="/facts/Bathala/CApomdam">Bathala</a> in Mount Makiling to aid mankind in their daily tasks. The 'Maria' was added by the Spanish in a bid to 'rebrand' her as Catholic and to further subjugate the natives into Spanish imperialism.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p><p>The contour of the mountain is said to be that of her in a reclining position. In some accounts, Maria Makiling, while serving as a <i><a href="/facts/Anito/VKpAEcmj">diwata</a></i> of <a href="/facts/Bathala/CApomdam">Bathala</a> in Mount Makiling, was heartbroken by a mortal man, and thus chose to remain hidden from mortal view thereafter.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>The following are the proclamations, <a href="/facts/Republic_Act/vBEUYmSs">Republic Acts</a>, and <a href="/facts/Executive_Order/JwJJXBar">Executive Orders</a> relevant to the Makiling Forest Reserve (MFR):<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> </p> <ul><li><i>Proclamation No. 106</i> (1910) – Makiling Forest Reserve was established with specific boundaries and placed under the Bureau of Forestry by Governor General <a href="/facts/William_Cameron_Forbes/MQfwoNsx">William Cameron Forbes</a> to regulate the use of public forest and forest reserves in the Philippines; Makiling Forest Reserve was set aside for the purpose of establishing a forest school and for silvicultural studies.</li> <li><i>Proclamation No. 60</i> (1920) – The reserved was renamed Makiling National Botanic Gardens and placed under the Bureau of Forestry by Proclamation No. 60 issued by Governor-General <a href="/facts/Francis_Burton_Harrison/69o1SmRx">Francis Burton Harrison</a> primary for scientific studies on plants and animals.</li> <li><i>Proclamation No. 552</i> (1933) – The reserved was renamed the Makiling National Park under the Bureau of Forestry issued by <a href="/facts/Governor-General_of_the_Philippines/yVmkBsAC">Governor-General</a> <a href="/facts/Theodore_Roosevelt_Jr./sCD5GSxJ">Theodore Roosevelt Jr.</a> to serve as game refuge and for other purposes for the benefit and enjoyment of the people.</li> <li><i>Proclamation No. 214</i> (1937) – Calamba Estate block was added to the Park for forest purposes issued by President <a href="/facts/Manuel_L._Quezon/RJSQ10Js">Manuel L. Quezon</a>.</li> <li><i>Republic Act (RA) 826</i> (1952) – Transfer of the administration of the Makiling National Park from the Bureau of Forestry to the Commission of Parks and Wildlife in order to promote effectual planning, development, maintenance and conservation of all national parks, monuments and wildlife in the country.</li> <li><i>Proclamation No. 692</i> (1960) – Administration of the Makiling National Park was transferred from the Commission of Parks and Wildlife to the University of the Philippines (UP) issued by President <a href="/facts/Carlos_P._Garcia/K2gc1Y8w">Carlos P. Garcia</a> for forestry education and research purposes of the College of Forestry, subject to the condition that said land will be conserved and preserved as a national park.</li> <li><i>Republic Act (RA) 3523</i> (1963) – The Makiling National park was disestablished and then ceded, transferred and conveyed to UP issued by Pres. Diosdado Macapagal to serve as the land resource for carrying out a program of public education and information in forestry, with end goal of promoting general public appreciation of forest values.</li> <li><i>Executive Order (EO) 224</i> (1987) – Complete jurisdiction, control and regulation of watershed areas including the Makiling Forest Reserve was given to the National Power Corporation (NPC) issued by President <a href="/facts/Corazon_Aquino/wPvtxu3C">Corazon Aquino</a> in support of the country's major program of energy development.</li> <li><i>Republic Act (RA) 6967</i> (1990) – Administration of the Makiling Forest Reserve was finally transferred to UPLB by President Corazon C. Aquino primarily as a training laboratory for the advancement of scientific and technical knowledge on the preservation, conservation and development of forest, flora and fauna and natural resources.</li> <li><i>Executive Order 121</i> (1994) – created a Presidential Commission on Laguna Lake and Mt. Makiling Development to address urgent problems affecting the resources and to formulate a master plan for the development of the lake and the reserve which are seen as integrated ecosystems.</li></ul> <h2 id="places-of-interest">Places of interest</h2> <ul><li>Makiling National Scout Reservation, a campsite at the foot of Mount Makiling adjacent to <a href="/facts/University_of_the_Philippines%2c_Los_Ba%25C3%25B1os/YFDpxRQd">U.P. Los Baños</a>, which is being managed by the <a href="/facts/Boy_Scouts_of_the_Philippines/NS4Nt23X">Boy Scouts of the Philippines</a> this is the site of the <a href="/facts/10th_World_Scout_Jamboree/9HXmEBVT">10th World Scout Jamboree</a> in 1959 and 26th <a href="/facts/Asia-Pacific/dXT0GTGR">Asia-Pacific</a> Regional Jamboree in 2009 and 2010.</li> <li>Mud Springs, a place which was known as <i>Natugnos</i>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> is widely accepted albeit erroneously as the volcanic crater of Mount Makiling</li> <li>National Arts Center, a patch of land at the foot of Mount Makiling adjacent to <a href="/facts/U.P._Los_Ba%25C3%25B1os/YFDpxRQd">U.P. Los Baños</a>, which is being managed by the <a href="/facts/Cultural_Center_of_the_Philippines/CSLyM2JS">Cultural Center of the Philippines</a> and the site of the <a href="/facts/Philippine_High_School_for_the_Arts/2tFdzFpY">Philippine High School for the Arts</a>, a special school for young artist scholars</li> <li>Pook ni Maria Makiling, now closed, was an eco-tourism site adjacent to the Jamboree Site, National Arts Center and U.P. Los Baños</li> <li><a href="/facts/University_of_the_Philippines%2c_Los_Ba%25C3%25B1os/YFDpxRQd">University of the Philippines, Los Baños</a></li></ul> <h2 id="geographical-features">Geographical features</h2> <h3>Subwatersheds</h3> <ul><li>Molawin-Dampalit</li> <li>Cambantoc</li> <li>Greater Sipit</li> <li>Tigbi<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>Rivers and creeks</h3> <ul><li>Munting River — <a href="/facts/Santo_Tomas%2c_Batangas/uKD5G0mv">Santo Tomas</a></li> <li>Siam-Siam Creek — <a href="/facts/Calamba%2c_Laguna/jjvP0Ry0">Calamba</a></li> <li>Sipit Creek — Calamba</li> <li>Pansipit Creek — Calamba</li> <li>Pansol Creek — Calamba</li> <li>Dampalit River — <a href="/facts/Los_Ba%25C3%25B1os%2c_Laguna/CReHczdt">Los Baños</a></li> <li>Saran Creek — Los Baños</li> <li>Pili Creek — Los Baños</li> <li><a href="/facts/Molawin_River/dcwN4fbB">Molawin Creek</a> — Los Baños</li> <li>Maitim River — <a href="/facts/Bay%2c_Laguna/9gWbT4zw">Bay</a></li> <li>Calo River — Bay</li></ul> <h3>Maars</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Alligator_Lake_(Philippines)/5PytI75z">Alligator Lake</a>, <a href="/facts/Los_Ba%25C3%25B1os%2c_Laguna/CReHczdt">Los Baños</a> <a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mount_Makiling¶ms=14_10_57_N_121_12_23_E_&title=Alligator+Lake">14°10′57″N 121°12′23″E / 14.18250°N 121.20639°E / 14.18250; 121.20639 (Alligator Lake)</a></li></ul> <h3>Cones</h3> Named as hills <ul><li>La Mesa Hill, <a href="/facts/Calamba%2c_Laguna/jjvP0Ry0">Calamba</a> <a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mount_Makiling¶ms=14_8_56.7_N_121_9_50.5_E_">14°8′56.7″N 121°9′50.5″E / 14.149083°N 121.164028°E / 14.149083; 121.164028</a></li> <li>Mayondon Hill, Los Baños <a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mount_Makiling¶ms=14_11_44.9_N_121_14_16.9_E_">14°11′44.9″N 121°14′16.9″E / 14.195806°N 121.238028°E / 14.195806; 121.238028</a></li> <li>Sison Hill, Los Baños</li></ul> Named as mountains <ul><li>Mount Bijiang, Calamba <a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mount_Makiling¶ms=14_9_41.5_N_121_9_58.4_E_&title=Mt.+Bijiang">14°9′41.5″N 121°9′58.4″E / 14.161528°N 121.166222°E / 14.161528; 121.166222 (Mt. Bijiang)</a></li> <li>Mount Camotes, Calamba <a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mount_Makiling¶ms=14_9_43.6_N_121_9_8.2_E_">14°9′43.6″N 121°9′8.2″E / 14.162111°N 121.152278°E / 14.162111; 121.152278</a></li> <li>Mount Masaia, Calamba <a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mount_Makiling¶ms=14_9_12.0_N_121_9_21.4_E_">14°9′12.0″N 121°9′21.4″E / 14.153333°N 121.155944°E / 14.153333; 121.155944</a></li> <li>Mount Cabulugan, <a href="/facts/Bay%2c_Laguna/9gWbT4zw">Bay</a> <a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mount_Makiling¶ms=14_7_6.2_N_121_12_50_E_">14°7′6.2″N 121°12′50″E / 14.118389°N 121.21389°E / 14.118389; 121.21389</a></li> <li>Mount Buboy, Calauan <a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mount_Makiling¶ms=14_05_47.0_N_121_14_36.9_E_&title=Mt.+Buboy">14°05′47.0″N 121°14′36.9″E / 14.096389°N 121.243583°E / 14.096389; 121.243583 (Mt. Buboy)</a></li> <li>Mount Bulalo, Calauan <a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mount_Makiling¶ms=14_6_4.5_N_121_13_34.5_E_">14°6′4.5″N 121°13′34.5″E / 14.101250°N 121.226250°E / 14.101250; 121.226250</a></li> <li>Mount Tamlong, Calauan <a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mount_Makiling¶ms=14_4_55.7_N_121_14_26.7_E_">14°4′55.7″N 121°14′26.7″E / 14.082139°N 121.240750°E / 14.082139; 121.240750</a></li> <li>Mount Olila, Alaminos <a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mount_Makiling¶ms=14_04_40.2_N_121_12_52.1_E_">14°04′40.2″N 121°12′52.1″E / 14.077833°N 121.214472°E / 14.077833; 121.214472</a></li></ul> <h2 id="hiking-activity">Hiking activity</h2> <p>Mt. Makiling is a popular hiking destination. The two major trails begin at the UPLB College of Forestry and Brgy. San Miguel, <a href="/facts/Santo_Tomas%2c_Batangas/uKD5G0mv">Santo Tomas, Batangas</a>. The UPLB trail is more commonly used, taking 4–5 hours to reach the summit (Peak 2). This trail was closed in October 2007 due to trail damage wrought by <a href="/facts/Typhoon_Xangsane/nofrtJb2">Typhoon Xangsane</a> in September 2006. The trail was closed again in December 2012 after two students were found drowned in a restricted area on the mountain.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> The trail was re-opened most recently in March 2013.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> The second trail, known as Maktrav, starts in Santo Tomas. This route is more difficult and requires 6–7 hours to reach the summit. Both trails are generally established and safe, although throughout the years there have been occasional reports of fatal accidents and injuries, especially on the Santo Tomas side. Climbers also frequently encounter leeches along the way.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Laguna_de_Bay/0h08EJUQ">Laguna de Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Laguna_Volcanic_Field/d7tNdABv">Laguna Volcanic Field</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Mount_Banahaw/ap9EfHHS">Mount Banahaw</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Mounts_Banahaw%25E2%2580%2593San_Cristobal_Protected_Landscape/CA8bsNaE">Mounts Banahaw–San Cristobal Protected Landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Malepunyo_Mountain_Range/TJE3sVo4">Malepunyo Mountain Range</a></li></ul> <h2 id="bibliography">Bibliography</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=273060">"San Pablo Volcanic Field"</a>. <i><a href="/facts/Global_Volcanism_Program/seWCysIn">Global Volcanism Program</a></i>. <a href="/facts/Smithsonian_Institution/pqC74ta9">Smithsonian Institution</a>. (includes Makiling)</li> <li>Flood, T. P.; Patino, L. C.; Vogel, T. A.; Arcilla, C.; Stimac, J. A.; Maximo, R. R.; Arpa, M. B. (December 2002). <i>The origin of the silicic domes in the Macolod Corridor, Philippines</i>. Fall Meeting 2002. American Geophysical Union. <a href="/facts/Bibcode_(identifier)/9HtdQSGB">Bibcode</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002AGUFM.V12A1412F">2002AGUFM.V12A1412F</a>.</li> <li><a href="http://dvasia.ph/viewgeology.php?region=Region%20IV-A">"Geology of the Region: Region IV-A"</a>. Dovetail Ventures Asia Incorporated. 2011. Retrieved February 1, 2012.</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li> Media related to Mount Makiling at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a href="http://mountmakiling.org">Official website of Makiling Center for Mountain Ecosystems</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131016073236/http://mobile.mountmakiling.org/">Mobile website of Makiling Center for Mountain Ecosystems</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161022082815/http://www.macrunners.org/">https://web.archive.org/web/20161022082815/http://www.macrunners.org/</a> – Makiling Challenge, the longest running competitive foot race in the province of Laguna, organized by the Makiling Campus Runners.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Potentially Active". Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology. July 30, 2008. Archived from the original on February 13, 2012. Retrieved March 19, 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120213164000/http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=60&Itemid=115" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20120213164000/http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=60&Itemid=115</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Republic Act No. 6967". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. October 15, 1990. Archived from the original on March 19, 2019. Retrieved March 19, 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190319055603/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1990/10/15/republic-act-no-6967-2/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20190319055603/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1990/10/15/republic-act-no-6967-2/</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Yap, DJ (October 4, 2013). "Makiling now a heritage park". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on March 19, 2019. Retrieved March 19, 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190319065321/https://globalnation.inquirer.net/87027/makiling-now-a-heritage-park?utm_expid=.XqNwTug2W6nwDVUSgFJXed.1" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20190319065321/https://globalnation.inquirer.net/87027/makiling-now-a-heritage-park?utm_expid=.XqNwTug2W6nwDVUSgFJXed.1</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Perdon, Renato (2012). Pocket Tagalog Dictionary: Tagalog-English English-Tagalog. Tuttle Publishing, 2012. ISBN 978-1-4629-0983-4 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Lanuza, Michelle, The Legend of Maria Makiling, archived from the original on 2007-10-02, retrieved September 30, 2007 <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Grinnell, George Bird (April 1893). "Pawnee Mythology". The Journal of American Folklore. 6 (21): 113–130. doi:10.2307/533298. ISSN 0021-8715. JSTOR 533298. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2307/533298" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2307/533298</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"The Legend of Maria Makiling retold by Gat Jose Rizal". Retrieved April 3, 2010. <a href="http://www.philsites.net/folklore/stories/legend1.html" target="_blank">http://www.philsites.net/folklore/stories/legend1.html</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>PinoyMountaineer: Mount Makiling, September 1, 2007, retrieved October 26, 2007 <a href="http://www.pinoymountaineer.com/2007/09/mt-makiling-1090.html" target="_blank">http://www.pinoymountaineer.com/2007/09/mt-makiling-1090.html</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Cite error: The named reference kuro5hin was invoked but never defined (see the help page). <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text" target="_blank">/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Grinnell, George Bird (April 1893). "Pawnee Mythology". The Journal of American Folklore. 6 (21): 113. doi:10.2307/533298. ISSN 0021-8715. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2307/533298" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2307/533298</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"The Legend of Maria Makiling retold by Gat Jose Rizal". Retrieved April 3, 2010. <a href="http://www.philsites.net/folklore/stories/legend1.html" target="_blank">http://www.philsites.net/folklore/stories/legend1.html</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>PinoyMountaineer: Mount Makiling, September 1, 2007, retrieved October 26, 2007 <a href="http://www.pinoymountaineer.com/2007/09/mt-makiling-1090.html" target="_blank">http://www.pinoymountaineer.com/2007/09/mt-makiling-1090.html</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"Laws Governing the Makiling Forest Reserve". Makiling Center for Mountain Ecosystems (MCME). Archived from the original on June 18, 2013. Retrieved March 19, 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130618214849/http://mountmakiling.org/index.php?page=gov_law" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20130618214849/http://mountmakiling.org/index.php?page=gov_law</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Masó, Miguel Saderra (January 1, 1904). Volcanoes and seismic centers of the Philippine Archipelago. Dept. of Commerce and Labor, Bureau of the Census. p. 65. natugnos. <a href="https://archive.org/details/volcanoesandsei00masgoog" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/volcanoesandsei00masgoog</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>"Fast Facts: Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve". January 24, 2021. <a href="https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1387472/fast-facts-mt-makiling-forest-reserve" target="_blank">https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1387472/fast-facts-mt-makiling-forest-reserve</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Makiling trail closed in wake of UPLB deaths, December 9, 2012, retrieved April 5, 2013 <a href="http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/321375/makiling-trail-closed-in-wake-of-uplb-deaths" target="_blank">http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/321375/makiling-trail-closed-in-wake-of-uplb-deaths</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Mount Makiling trail reopens for Lenten hikers, March 25, 2013, retrieved April 5, 2013 <a href="http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/379895/mount-makiling-trail-reopens-for-lenten-hikers" target="_blank">http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/379895/mount-makiling-trail-reopens-for-lenten-hikers</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>PinoyMountaineer: Mount Makiling, September 1, 2007, retrieved October 26, 2007 <a href="http://www.pinoymountaineer.com/2007/09/mt-makiling-1090.html" target="_blank">http://www.pinoymountaineer.com/2007/09/mt-makiling-1090.html</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>