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Cryptography standards
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<h2 id="encryption-standards">Encryption standards</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Data_Encryption_Standard/STfBjTGb">Data Encryption Standard</a> (DES, now obsolete)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Advanced_Encryption_Standard/HdXGBY2Q">Advanced Encryption Standard</a> (AES)</li> <li><a href="/facts/RSA_(algorithm)/XTzyfHuq">RSA</a> the original public key algorithm</li> <li><a href="/facts/OpenPGP/4BELG9BW">OpenPGP</a></li></ul> <h2 id="hash-standards">Hash standards</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/MD5/8WIXb9Dq">MD5</a> 128-bit (obsolete)</li> <li><a href="/facts/SHA-1/LDYCV1je">SHA-1</a> 160-bit (obsolete)</li> <li><a href="/facts/SHA-2/P59oPeGq">SHA-2</a> available in 224, 256, 384, and 512-bit variants</li> <li><a href="/facts/HMAC/Qy9WD4V9">HMAC</a> keyed hash</li> <li>PBKDF2 <a href="/facts/Key_derivation_function/3jL2jTTb">Key derivation function</a> (RFC 2898)</li></ul> <h2 id="digital-signature-standards">Digital signature standards</h2> <ul><li>Digital Signature Standard (DSS), based on the <a href="/facts/Digital_Signature_Algorithm/0o0FK486">Digital Signature Algorithm</a> (DSA)</li> <li><a href="/facts/RSA_(algorithm)/XTzyfHuq">RSA</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Elliptic_Curve_DSA/gl0mfnS1">Elliptic Curve DSA</a></li></ul> <h2 id="public-key-infrastructure-pki-standards">Public-key infrastructure (PKI) standards</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/X.509/rs0JuYDd">X.509</a> Public Key Certificates</li></ul> <h2 id="wireless-standards">Wireless Standards</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Wired_Equivalent_Privacy/LHqkdrCf">Wired Equivalent Privacy</a> (WEP), severely flawed and superseded by WPA</li> <li><a href="/facts/Wi-Fi_Protected_Access/a6XvwpFK">Wi-Fi Protected Access</a> (WPA) better than WEP, a 'pre-standard' partial version of 802.11i</li> <li><a href="/facts/802.11i/ofjeQuqL">802.11i</a> a.k.a. WPA2, uses <a href="/facts/Advanced_Encryption_Standard/HdXGBY2Q">AES</a> and other improvements on WEP</li> <li><a href="/facts/A5%2f1/lyqRwq5r">A5/1</a> and <a href="/facts/A5%2f2/44y7Wskz">A5/2</a> cell phone encryption for <a href="/facts/GSM/Sw8QYaLE">GSM</a></li></ul> <h2 id="us-government-federal-information-processing-standards--fips">U.S. Government Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS)</h2> <ul><li>FIPS PUB 31 Guidelines for Automatic Data Processing Physical Security and Risk Management 1974</li> <li>FIPS PUB 46-3 Data Encryption Standard (<a href="/facts/Data_Encryption_Standard/STfBjTGb">DES</a>) 1999</li> <li>FIPS PUB 73 Guidelines for Security of Computer Applications 1980</li> <li>FIPS PUB 74 Guidelines for Implementing and Using the <a href="/facts/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology/gr9Fnh85">NBS</a> <a href="/facts/Data_Encryption_Standard/STfBjTGb">Data Encryption Standard</a> 1981</li> <li>FIPS PUB 81 <a href="/facts/Data_Encryption_Standard/STfBjTGb">DES</a> Modes of Operation 1980</li> <li>FIPS PUB 102 Guideline for Computer Security Certification and Accreditation 1983</li> <li>FIPS PUB 112 Password Usage 1985, defines 10 factors to be considered in access control systems that are based on passwords</li> <li>FIPS PUB 113 Computer Data Authentication 1985, specifies a Data Authentication Algorithm (DAA) based on <a href="/facts/Data_Encryption_Standard/STfBjTGb">DES</a>, adopted by the <a href="/facts/U.S._Treasury_Department/lDmua740">Department of Treasury</a> and the banking community to protect electronic fund transfers.</li> <li>FIPS PUB 140-2 Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules 2001, defines four increasing security levels</li> <li>FIPS PUB 171 Key Management Using <a href="/facts/American_National_Standards_Institute/p3d1TQCb">ANSI</a> X9.17 (ANSI X9.17-1985) 1992, based on <a href="/facts/Data_Encryption_Standard/STfBjTGb">DES</a></li> <li>FIPS PUB 180-2 Secure Hash Standard (SHS) 2002 defines the <a href="/facts/Secure_Hash_Algorithm_(disambiguation)/rm1nXcGc">SHA</a> family</li> <li>FIPS PUB 181 Automated Password Generator (APG) 1993</li> <li>FIPS PUB 185 Escrowed Encryption Standard (EES) 1994, a <a href="/facts/Key_escrow/vfE3jPkC">key escrow</a> system that provides for decryption of telecommunications when lawfully authorized.</li> <li>FIPS PUB 186-2 Digital Signature Standard (<a href="/facts/Digital_Signature_Algorithm/0o0FK486">DSS</a>) 2000</li> <li>FIPS PUB 190 Guideline for the Use of Advanced <a href="/facts/Authentication/64y4S69b">Authentication</a> Technology Alternatives 1994</li> <li>FIPS PUB 191 Guideline for the Analysis of <a href="/facts/Local_area_network/edUDxJ6J">local area network</a> Security 1994</li> <li>FIPS PUB 196 Entity <a href="/facts/Authentication/64y4S69b">Authentication</a> Using <a href="/facts/Public_key_cryptography/gowoFTxS">Public Key Cryptography</a> 1997</li> <li>FIPS PUB 197 Advanced Encryption Standard (<a href="/facts/Advanced_Encryption_Standard/HdXGBY2Q">AES</a>) 2001</li> <li>FIPS PUB 198 The Keyed-Hash Message Authentication Code (<a href="/facts/HMAC/Qy9WD4V9">HMAC</a>) 2002</li></ul> <h2 id="internet-requests-for-comments-rfcs">Internet Requests for Comments (RFCs)</h2> <h2 id="classified-standards">Classified Standards</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/EKMS/Wzlm657f">EKMS</a> <a href="/facts/NSA/Sg6MGV1o">NSA</a>'s Electronic Key Management System</li> <li><a href="/facts/FNBDT/LsCn17ID">FNBDT</a> <a href="/facts/NSA/Sg6MGV1o">NSA</a>'s secure narrow band voice standard</li> <li><a href="/facts/Fortezza/JE9tzL93">Fortezza</a> encryption based on portable crypto token in <a href="/facts/PC_Card/Dt0get4l">PC Card</a> format</li> <li><a href="/facts/Secure_Terminal_Equipment/2wzoGoQR">STE</a> secure telephone</li> <li><a href="/facts/STU-III/ekIMjkJL">STU-III</a> older secure telephone</li> <li><a href="/facts/Tempest_(codename)/geLPqTp2">TEMPEST</a> prevents compromising emanations</li></ul> <h2 id="other">Other</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/IPsec/01MwcET1">IPsec</a> Virtual Private Network (<a href="/facts/VPN/HX1WUQ3E">VPN</a>) and more</li> <li><a href="/facts/IEEE/UddC4pUW">IEEE</a> <a href="/facts/P1363/pEjW4GjI">P1363</a> covers most aspects of public-key cryptography</li> <li><a href="/facts/Transport_Layer_Security/pGy16TnA">Transport Layer Security</a> (formerly SSL)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Secure_Shell/wjVRw5zv">SSH</a> secure <a href="/facts/Telnet/hxT0e85h">Telnet</a> and more</li> <li><a href="/facts/Content_Scrambling_System/vzPVMQvk">Content Scrambling System</a> (CSS, the <a href="/facts/DVD/7fJsHJrN">DVD</a> encryption standard, broken by <a href="/facts/DeCSS/cUtLDxz2">DeCSS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Kerberos_(protocol)/RMXs3P1w">Kerberos</a> authentication standard</li> <li><a href="/facts/RADIUS/9Gr9deYD">RADIUS</a> authentication standard</li> <li>ANSI X9.59 electronic payment standard</li> <li><a href="/facts/Common_Criteria/6Tln3R2k">Common Criteria</a> <a href="/facts/Trusted_operating_system/mvIERrH2">Trusted operating system</a> standard</li> <li><a href="/facts/CRYPTREC/nLbU6zAo">CRYPTREC</a> Japanese Government's cryptography recommendations</li></ul> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/NSA_cryptography/8H2BWhCG">NSA cryptography</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Topics_in_cryptography/E6r9ID3G">Topics in cryptography</a></li></ul>