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Percoidei
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<h2 id="divisions">Divisions</h2> <p>The following classification is based on <i><a href="/facts/Eschmeyer%2527s_Catalog_of_Fishes/fpGIhCaq">Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes</a></i>:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> </p> <ul><li>Suborder Percoidei <ul><li>Family <a href="/facts/Serranidae/mNQPKCFE">Serranidae</a> <a href="/facts/William_Swainson/CSGwvU1I">Swainson</a>, 1839 (sea basses)</li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Anthiadidae/02PUK7Ql">Anthiadidae</a> <a href="/facts/Felipe_Poey_y_Aloy/GkclFuac">Poey</a>, 1861 (fairy basslets or streamer basses)</li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Epinephelidae/9A29GwXE">Epinephelidae</a> <a href="/facts/Pieter_Bleeker/Qu3obMnw">Bleeker</a>, 1874 (groupers)</li> <li>Family Liopropomatidae Poey, 1867 (painted basslets)</li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Grammistidae/mNQPKCFE">Grammistidae</a> Bleeker, 1857 (soapfishes)</li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Percidae/C0lXgd0X">Percidae</a> <a href="/facts/Constantine_Samuel_Rafinesque/d7XBK7x5">Rafinesque</a>, 1815 (<a href="/facts/Perch/RmMxhGBa">perches</a> and <a href="/facts/Etheostomatinae/Rfl2PLVM">darters</a>)</li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Niphonidae/PFneKT4U">Niphonidae</a> <a href="/facts/David_Starr_Jordan/qLNo5UIR">Jordan</a>, 1923 (Ara groupers)</li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Trachinidae/hATdX0zM">Trachinidae</a> Rafinesque, 1815 (weeverfishes)</li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Bembropidae/1PXMwe5B">Bembropidae</a> <a href="/facts/Charles_Tate_Regan/lKATc9x4">Regan</a>, 1913 (flatheads or duckbill flatheads)</li></ul></li></ul> <h3>Former classification</h3> <p>Until recently, the Percoidei had a much more expanded treatment containing many different morphologically similar families. However, such a treatment is now known to be <a href="/facts/Polyphyly/o7lxKY74">polyphyletic</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> </p> <ul><li>Suborder Percoidei <ul><li><a href="/facts/Percoidea/fnqNA55P">Percoidea</a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Centropomidae/hEhDoUYx">Centropomidae</a> (Snooks)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Latidae/7qVUKzDQ">Latidae</a> (Lates)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Gerreidae/57dxMko2">Gerreidae</a> (Mojarras)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Centrogenyidae/0Wcjsh8E">Centrogenyidae</a> (False scorpionfishes)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Perciliidae/AGeN0kIt">Perciliidae</a> (Southern basses)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Howellidae/1KfSdGvC">Howellidae</a> (Oceanic basslets)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Acropomatidae/u8xqTwpl">Acropomatidae</a> (Lanternbellies)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Epigonidae/5EKm0fmb">Epigonidae</a> (Deepwater cardinalfishes)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Polyprionidae/hQ6rr6D9">Polyprionidae</a> (Wreckfishes)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Lateolabracidae/JlHzut3G">Lateolabracidae</a> (Asian seaperches)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Mullidae/kRzLFUCw">Mullidae</a> (Goatfishes)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Glaucosomatidae/WJlQ27J1">Glaucosomatidae</a> (Pearl perches)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Pempheridae/ENpfRF7n">Pempheridae</a> (Sweepers)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Oplegnathidae/BFXEjRDc">Oplegnathidae</a> (Knifejaws)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Kuhliidae/fRIJD38T">Kuhliidae</a> (Flagtails)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Leptobramidae/Fu1mvwos">Leptobramidae</a> (Beachsalmon)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Bathyclupeidae/mEghxY8G">Bathyclupeidae</a> (Bathyclupeids)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Polynemidae/eHXkHKgo">Polynemidae</a> (Threadfins)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Toxotidae/gfnIVX61">Toxotidae</a> (Archerfishes)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Arripidae/gm5PmvsR">Arripidae</a> (Australasian salmon (kahawai))</li> <li><a href="/facts/Dichistiidae/G3TIauGe">Dichistiidae</a> (Galjoen fishes)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Kyphosidae/NfadgKRz">Kyphosidae</a> (Sea chubs)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Terapontidae/bTpYCDl7">Terapontidae</a> (grunters or tigerperches)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Percichthyidae/IMTqTzu0">Percichthyidae</a> (temperate perches)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Sinipercidae/b0qgAwIQ">Sinipercidae</a> (Chinese perches)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Enoplosidae/GG8gQxUa">Enoplosidae</a> (Oldwives)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Pentacerotidae/sSrKpQGQ">Pentacerotidae</a> (Armourheads)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Dinopercidae/w2j4xb5u">Dinopercidae</a> (Cavebasses)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Banjofish/JmQ5IKy6">Banjosiidae</a> (Banjofishes)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Centrarchidae/kD2zzavT">Centrarchidae</a> (Sunfishes)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Serranidae/mNQPKCFE">Serranidae</a> (Sea basses)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Percidae/C0lXgd0X">Percidae</a> (Perches)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Lactariidae/mxdtW7sQ">Lactariidae</a> (False trevallies)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Dinolestidae/auawWkbS">Dinolestidae</a> (Long-finned pikes)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Scombropidae/gMKnwD5F">Scombropidae</a> (Gnomefishes)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Pomatomidae/8kFdaFzP">Pomatomidae</a> (Bluefishes)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Bramidae/Djdshrsh">Bramidae</a> (Pomfrets)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Caristiidae/JKQh9Yev">Caristiidae</a> (Manefishes)</li></ul></li> <li>Possibly related to <a href="/facts/Acanthuriformes/GDWsVmPF">Acanthuriformes</a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Monodactylidae/p5Ivk5th">Monodactylidae</a> (Moonfishes)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Priacanthidae/VpIJ924E">Priacanthidae</a> (Bigeyes (catalufas))</li></ul></li> <li>Seven families which may have a relationship to Acanthuroidei, Monodactylidae, and Priacanthidae <ul><li><a href="/facts/Leiognathidae/3v3828Eo">Leiognathidae</a> (Ponyfishes, slimys, or slipmouths)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Chaetodontidae/xlC5GhWA">Chaetodontidae</a> (Butterflyfishes)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Pomacanthidae/TnVKds1n">Pomacanthidae</a> (Angelfishes)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Malacanthidae/DNY661eK">Malacanthidae</a> (Tilefishes)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Haemulidae/DJ820poY">Haemulidae</a> (Grunts)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Hapalogenyidae/SnsaCyaA">Hapalogenyidae</a> (Barbeled grunters)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Lutjanidae/U38YI569">Lutjanidae</a> (Snappers)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Caesionidae/Yu82Wnrm">Caesionidae</a> (Fusiliers)</li></ul></li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/facts/Cirrhitoidea/HFQoJHJN">Cirrhitoidea</a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Cirrhitidae/JFkIK3DK">Cirrhitidae</a> (Hawkfishes)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Chironemidae/kUrgbgGX">Chironemidae</a> (Kelpfishes)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Aplodactylidae/2RQbNAEf">Aplodactylidae</a> (Marblefishes)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Cheilodactylidae/WBaQHwHM">Cheilodactylidae</a> (Morwongs)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Latridae/8jyaeoe9">Latridae</a> (Trumpeters)</li></ul></li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/facts/Cepoloidea/taaw57zp">Cepoloidea</a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Cepolidae/taaw57zp">Cepolidae</a> (Bandfishes)</li></ul></li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/facts/Siganoidea/QUtXA5LY">Siganoidea</a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Scatophagidae/IrpKxYCg">Scatophagidae</a> (Scats)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Siganidae/UHuzcf6Y">Siganidae</a> (Rabbitfishes)</li></ul></li> <li><i>incertae sedis</i> <ul><li>† <i>Labrax</i> Pallas 1810<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> <ul><li>† <i>L. lepidotus</i> Agassiz 1836</li> <li>† <i>L. major</i> Agassiz 1836</li> <li>† <i>L. schizurus</i> Agassiz 1835</li> <li>† <i>L. vogdtii</i> Bogatshov 1942</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Percoidei. <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Fricke, R.; Eschmeyer, W. N.; Van der Laan, R. (2025). "ESCHMEYER'S CATALOG OF FISHES: CLASSIFICATION". California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 2025-02-10. <a href="https://www.calacademy.org/eschmeyers-catalog-of-fishes-classification" target="_blank">https://www.calacademy.org/eschmeyers-catalog-of-fishes-classification</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 430–467. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. <a href="978-1-118-34233-6" target="_blank">978-1-118-34233-6</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Labrax at Fossilworks.org <a href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=210649" target="_blank">https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=210649</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>