Menu
Home
People
Places
Arts
History
Plants & Animals
Science
Life & Culture
Technology
Reference.org
Input/Output Control System
open-in-new
<h2 id="structure">Structure</h2> <p>An IOCS program must do three things, each discussed in a subsection below. </p> <ul><li>Identify required IOCS services</li> <li>Create control blocks for individual files</li> <li>Process files</li></ul> <p>For the 7070 these are done using 7070 <a href="/facts/Autocoder/trgIg9Le">Autocoder</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> declarative statements and <a href="/facts/Macro_instruction/7abAsm1o">macro instructions</a>. </p> <h3>Identify required IOCS services</h3> <p>IOCS supported several classes of I/O equipment </p> <ul><li>Disk drives</li> <li>Tape drives</li> <li>Unit record equipment. The record length was dictated by the physical media, which were <ul><li>Lines of print on paper</li> <li>Punched 80-column<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> cards</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Some services offered by IOCS were not needed by all applications, e.g., checkpoints, label processing. An IOCS program must identify the particular devices types and services it uses. A 7070 IOCS program must specify one or more DIOCS<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a>: 16–19 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a>: 22–25 statements:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> </p> 11 22 6 56 01 GENERAL DIOCS<i>general parameters</i> TAPE DIOCSD729,<i>tape parameters</i> DISK DIOCSD1301,<i>disk parameters</i> END DIOCS <p>These declarative statements identify index registers reserved for the use of IOCS, indicate channels used, indicate whether the program is to coexist with SPOOL and provide processing options. The END DIOCS statement causes the assembly of IOCS unless a preassembled version is requested. The first (general) form is omitted when the D729 form is used. </p><p>In some other IOCS packages similar functions are provided by control cards. </p> <h3>Create control blocks for individual files</h3> <p>An IOCS program must create a control block for each file, specifying information unique to the file. For 7070 IOCS these are entries in the <i>File Specification Table</i> for tape files, each of which is generated by a DTF<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a>: 19–26 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a>: 26–28 statement, or separate control blocks generated by DDF<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a>: 31–37 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a>: 29–30 or DUF<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a>: 44–47 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a>: 31–33 statements. </p> 11 22 6 56 01 DTF OUT FCHANNEL 2 ... ... DAFILE DDF IODEVICE 5 DREFMODE 4 ... ... DUF CONSFILE,1,4,CARDRDW,CARDIX,CONSEOF,CONSERR <p>In some other IOCS packages similar functions are provided by control cards. </p> <h3>Process files</h3> <p>The above code defines a tape file on channel 1 called OUT, a sequential 1301/1302 disk file called DAFILE and a card file called CONSFILE. </p><p>Any IOCS program must specify the actions that it wishes to perform. In 7070 IOCS this is done with processing macros.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a> </p> 11 22 6 56 01 OPEN CONSFILE,OUT LOOP GET CONSFILE PUT OUT B LOOP CONSEOF CLOSECONSFILE,OUT <p>In some other IOCS packages similar functions are provided by explicit subroutine calls. </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/BIOS/AYYPUogS">BIOS</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Sharp_IOCS/t8ISnXft">Sharp IOCS</a>, a similarly named system on 8-bit pocket computers by Sharp</li></ul> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <ul><li>Bashe, Charles J.; Johnson, Lyle R.; Palmer, John H.; Pugh, Emerson W. (1986). <a href="https://archive.org/details/ibmsearlycompute00bash/page/362"><i>IBM's Early Computers</i></a>. History of Computing. <a href="/facts/MIT_Press/eTerUM3c">MIT Press</a>. pp. <a href="https://archive.org/details/ibmsearlycompute00bash/page/362">362–363</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-262-02225-7.</li> <li>Bohl, M. (1971). <i>Information Processing</i>. Science Research Associates.</li> <li>Cenfetelli, A. R. (1967). "Data Management Concepts for DOS/360 and TOS/360". <i><a href="/facts/IBM_Systems_Journal/LswQR28R">IBM Systems Journal</a></i>. 6 (1). <a href="/facts/IBM/QszA7nwd">IBM</a>: 22–37. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1147%2Fsj.61.0022">10.1147/sj.61.0022</a>.</li> <li>Deitel, Harvey M. (1983). <i>An Introduction to Operating Systems</i>. Addison Wesley Systems Programming Series. <a href="/facts/Addison_Wesley/A7UFATEG">Addison Wesley</a>. pp. 10–11, 35, 158. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-201-14473-5.</li> <li>Freeman, Donald E.; Perry, Olney R. (1977). <a href="https://archive.org/details/iodesigndatamana00free/page/3"><i>I/O Design: Data Management in Operating Systems</i></a>. History of Computing. HAYDEN. p. <a href="https://archive.org/details/iodesigndatamana00free/page/3">3</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-8104-5789-X.</li> <li>Katzan, Jr., Harry (1973). <a href="https://archive.org/details/operatingsystems00katz/page/98"><i>Operating Systems: A Pragmatic Approach</i></a>. VNR. pp. <a href="https://archive.org/details/operatingsystems00katz/page/98">98, 101–102</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-442-24253-0.</li> <li>Lorin, Harold; Deitel, Harvey M. (1981). <a href="https://archive.org/details/operatingsystems0000lori/page/74"><i>Operating Systems</i></a>. <a href="/facts/Addison_Wesley/A7UFATEG">Addison Wesley</a>. p. <a href="https://archive.org/details/operatingsystems0000lori/page/74">74</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-201-14464-6.</li> <li>Milenkovic, Milan (1987). <i>Operating Systems: Concepts and Design</i>. <a href="/facts/McGraw-Hill/oG8VpKJT">McGraw-Hill</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-07-100583-8.</li> <li>Pugh, Emerson W.; Johnson, Lyle R.; Palmer, John H. (1991). <a href="https://archive.org/details/ibms360early370s0000pugh/page/295"><i>IBM's 360 and Early 370 Systems</i></a>. History of Computing. <a href="/facts/MIT_Press/eTerUM3c">MIT Press</a>. pp. <a href="https://archive.org/details/ibms360early370s0000pugh/page/295">295, 324, 326, 561–562, 590</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-262-16123-0.</li> <li>Shaw, Alan C. (1974). <a href="https://archive.org/details/logicaldesignofo00shaw"><i>The Logical Design of Operating Systems</i></a>. Prentice-Hall Series In Automatic Computation. <a href="/facts/Prentice-Hall/bynWAuat">Prentice-Hall</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-13-540112-7.</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/rca/3301/94-06-000_3301_Realcom_Training_Man_Nov64.pdf">"RCA 3301 Realcom Training Manual", 94-06-000, November 1964</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.osdata.com/kind/history.htm">history of operating systems</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.psexam.com/Notes-for-Computer-Science/operating-systems-history-of-operating-system-article.html">Operating Systems - History of Operating System</a></li> <li>Pease, David. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100612051009/http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/classes/cmpe080h/Fall09/">"History of Modern Computing Section 3"</a>. <i>University of California Santa Cruz</i>. Archived from <a href="http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/classes/cmpe080h/Fall09">the original</a> on 2010-06-12. Retrieved 2020-08-27.</li> <li><a href="https://studentstars.files.wordpress.com/2014/07/chssc_day4.pdf">Computer Hardware and System Software Concepts</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>RCA 3301 Realcom Training Manual (PDF). RCA EDP Division. November 1964. 94-06-000. <a href="http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/rca/3301/94-06-000_3301_Realcom_Training_Man_Nov64.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/rca/3301/94-06-000_3301_Realcom_Training_Man_Nov64.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>GE-635 File and Record Control Reference Manual. GE. CPB-1003. <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" target="_blank">/wiki/General_Electric</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>VAX-11 Record Management Services Reference Manual (PDF). DEC. February 1979. AA-D031B-TE. <a href="http://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/vax/vms/1.5/3/AA-D031B-TE_VAX-11_Record_Management_Services_Reference_Manual_Feb79.pdf" target="_blank">http://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/vax/vms/1.5/3/AA-D031B-TE_VAX-11_Record_Management_Services_Reference_Manual_Feb79.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>IBM 7070 SPOOL System. IBM. J28-6047-1. <a href="/wiki/IBM" target="_blank">/wiki/IBM</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"SPOOL System", 7070-IO-076 <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Reference Manual Input/Output Control System for the IBM 705 III. IBM. C28-6109. <a href="/wiki/IBM" target="_blank">/wiki/IBM</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>IBM 7070/7074 Input/Output Control System for IBM 729 Magnetic Tape Units, Unit Record Equipment (7070-IO-904). IBM. C28-6175-3. <a href="/wiki/IBM" target="_blank">/wiki/IBM</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>IBM 7070/7074 Input/Output Control System for IBM 1301 and 1302 Disk Storage (7070-IO-940). IBM. C28-6272-1. <a href="/wiki/IBM" target="_blank">/wiki/IBM</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>IBM Programming Systems Analysis Guide 7070 Input/Output Control System (PDF). IBM. 1961. C28-6119. <a href="http://bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/7070/C28-6119_7070_IOCS_System_Analysis_Guide_Sep61.pdf" target="_blank">http://bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/7070/C28-6119_7070_IOCS_System_Analysis_Guide_Sep61.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>7080 Input/Output Control System for use with 729 Magnetic Tape Units (PDF). IBM. C28-6237. <a href="http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/7080/C28-6237_7080_IOCS80_1962.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/7080/C28-6237_7080_IOCS80_1962.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Reference Manual, IBM 709/7090 Input/output Control System (PDF). IBM. C28-6100-2. <a href="http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/7090/C28-6100-2_7090_IOCS.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/7090/C28-6100-2_7090_IOCS.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>IBM Operating System/360 Concepts and Facilities (PDF). IBM. C28-6535-0. <a href="http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/360/os/R01-08/C28-6535-0_OS360_Concepts_and_Facilities_1965.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/360/os/R01-08/C28-6535-0_OS360_Concepts_and_Facilities_1965.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>IBM z/VSE Version 6 Release 1 System Macros User's Guide (PDF). IBM. 2015. SC34-2709-00. <a href="http://publibfp.dhe.ibm.com/epubs/pdf/iesmge40.pdf" target="_blank">http://publibfp.dhe.ibm.com/epubs/pdf/iesmge40.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>DOS Supervisor and I/O Macros (PDF). IBM. GC24-S037-12. <a href="http://bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/360/dos/GC24-5037-12_DOS_Supervisor_and_IO_Macros_Oct73.pdf" target="_blank">http://bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/360/dos/GC24-5037-12_DOS_Supervisor_and_IO_Macros_Oct73.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>DOS Supervisor and I/O Macros (PDF). IBM. GC24-S037-12. <a href="http://bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/360/dos/GC24-5037-12_DOS_Supervisor_and_IO_Macros_Oct73.pdf" target="_blank">http://bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/360/dos/GC24-5037-12_DOS_Supervisor_and_IO_Macros_Oct73.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>IBM 7070/7074 Input/Output Control System for IBM 729 Magnetic Tape Units, Unit Record Equipment (7070-IO-904). IBM. C28-6175-3. <a href="/wiki/IBM" target="_blank">/wiki/IBM</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>IBM 7070/7074 Input/Output Control System for IBM 1301 and 1302 Disk Storage (7070-IO-940). IBM. C28-6272-1. <a href="/wiki/IBM" target="_blank">/wiki/IBM</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>IBM 7070 Programming Series Autocoder. IBM. C28-6121-3. <a href="/wiki/IBM" target="_blank">/wiki/IBM</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>IBM 7070 Four Tape Autocoder. IBM. J28-6055. <a href="/wiki/IBM" target="_blank">/wiki/IBM</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>IBM did not support the 90-column cards used by UNIVAC <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>IBM 7070/7074 Input/Output Control System for IBM 729 Magnetic Tape Units, Unit Record Equipment (7070-IO-904). IBM. C28-6175-3. <a href="/wiki/IBM" target="_blank">/wiki/IBM</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>IBM 7070 Programming Series Autocoder. IBM. C28-6121-3. <a href="/wiki/IBM" target="_blank">/wiki/IBM</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>Note that operands in 7070 Autocoder always start in column 21. <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>IBM 7070/7074 Input/Output Control System for IBM 729 Magnetic Tape Units, Unit Record Equipment (7070-IO-904). IBM. C28-6175-3. <a href="/wiki/IBM" target="_blank">/wiki/IBM</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>IBM 7070 Programming Series Autocoder. IBM. C28-6121-3. <a href="/wiki/IBM" target="_blank">/wiki/IBM</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>IBM 7070/7074 Input/Output Control System for IBM 1301 and 1302 Disk Storage (7070-IO-940). IBM. C28-6272-1. <a href="/wiki/IBM" target="_blank">/wiki/IBM</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:27"><p>IBM 7070 Programming Series Autocoder. IBM. C28-6121-3. <a href="/wiki/IBM" target="_blank">/wiki/IBM</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:28"><p>IBM 7070/7074 Input/Output Control System for IBM 729 Magnetic Tape Units, Unit Record Equipment (7070-IO-904). IBM. C28-6175-3. <a href="/wiki/IBM" target="_blank">/wiki/IBM</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:29"><p>IBM 7070 Programming Series Autocoder. IBM. C28-6121-3. <a href="/wiki/IBM" target="_blank">/wiki/IBM</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:30"><p>Note that operands in 7070 Autocoder always start in column 21. <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>