Fjölnir is based on the concept of representing programs as trees, and packages by substitutions on trees using algebraic operators.1 For example, in the Hello World example below, "GRUNNUR" is a package, the block of code between braces is a package, and * is an operator that substitutes names in one package with elements from another. In this case, skrifastreng (which writes a string to the standard output) is imported from "GRUNNUR".
Agnarsson, Snorri; Krishnamoorthy, M. S. (1985). "Towards a theory of packages". ACM SIGPLAN Notices. 20 (7): 117–130. doi:10.1145/17919.806833. http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=800225.806833 ↩