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Tetraloop
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<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Nucleic_acid_tertiary_structure/ExXJ3V0x">RNA tertiary structure</a> (section <a href="/facts/RNA_Tertiary_Structure/ExXJ3V0x">Tetraloop-receptor interactions</a>)</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Woese, C.R., Winkers, S., Gutell, R.R. (1990). "Architecture of ribosomal RNA: Constraints on the sequence of "tetra-loops"". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 87 (21): 8467–71. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.8467W. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.21.8467. PMC 54977. PMID 2236056.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC54977" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC54977</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Zirbel, CL; Sponer, JE; Sponer, J; Stombaugh, J; Leontis, NB (Aug 2009). "Classification and energetics of the base-phosphate interactions in RNA". Nucleic Acids Research. 37 (15): 4898–918. doi:10.1093/nar/gkp468. PMC 2731888. PMID 19528080. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2731888" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2731888</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Klosterman, PS; Hendrix, DK; Tamura, M; Holbrook, SR; Brenner, SE (2004). "Three-dimensional motifs from the SCOR, structural classification of RNA database: extruded strands, base triples, tetraloops and U-turns". Nucleic Acids Research. 32 (8): 2342–52. doi:10.1093/nar/gkh537. PMC 419439. PMID 15121895. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC419439" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC419439</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Jucker, FM; Pardi, A (Nov 7, 1995). "Solution structure of the CUUG hairpin loop: a novel RNA tetraloop motif". Biochemistry. 34 (44): 14416–27. doi:10.1021/bi00044a019. PMID 7578046. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Jaeger, L; Michel, F; Westhof, E (Mar 11, 1994). "Involvement of a GNRA tetraloop in long-range RNA tertiary interactions". Journal of Molecular Biology. 236 (5): 1271–6. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(94)90055-8. PMID 7510342. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Zhao, Q; Huang, HC; Nagaswamy, U; Xia, Y; Gao, X; Fox, GE (Aug 2012). "UNAC tetraloops: to what extent do they mimic GNRA tetraloops?". Biopolymers. 97 (8): 617–28. Bibcode:2012biopo..97..617Z. doi:10.1002/bip.22049. PMID 22605553. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Molinaro, M; Tinoco I, Jr (Aug 11, 1995). "Use of ultra stable UNCG tetraloop hairpins to fold RNA structures: thermodynamic and spectroscopic applications". Nucleic Acids Research. 23 (15): 3056–63. doi:10.1093/nar/23.15.3056. PMC 307149. PMID 7544890. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC307149" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC307149</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Baumruk, Vladimir; Gouyette, Catherine; Huynh-Dinh, Tam; Sun, Jian-Sheng; Ghomi, Mahmoud (2001-10-01). "Comparison between CUUG and UUCG tetraloops: thermodynamic stability and structural features analyzed by UV absorption and vibrational spectroscopy". Nucleic Acids Research. 29 (19): 4089–4096. doi:10.1093/nar/29.19.4089. ISSN 0305-1048. PMC 60239. PMID 11574692. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC60239" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC60239</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Zhao, Q; Huang, HC; Nagaswamy, U; Xia, Y; Gao, X; Fox, GE (Aug 2012). "UNAC tetraloops: to what extent do they mimic GNRA tetraloops?". Biopolymers. 97 (8): 617–28. Bibcode:2012biopo..97..617Z. doi:10.1002/bip.22049. PMID 22605553. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Heus, Hans A.; Pardi, Arthur (1991-01-01). "Structural Features that Give Rise to the Unusual Stability of RNA Hairpins Containing GNRA Loops". Science. 253 (5016): 191–194. Bibcode:1991Sci...253..191H. doi:10.1126/science.1712983. JSTOR 2878700. PMID 1712983. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Antao, V. P.; Lai, S. Y.; Tinoco, I. (1991-11-11). "A thermodynamic study of unusually stable RNA and DNA hairpins". Nucleic Acids Research. 19 (21): 5901–5905. doi:10.1093/nar/19.21.5901. ISSN 0305-1048. PMC 329045. PMID 1719483. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC329045" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC329045</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Woese, C.R., Winkers, S., Gutell, R.R. (1990). "Architecture of ribosomal RNA: Constraints on the sequence of "tetra-loops"". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 87 (21): 8467–71. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.8467W. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.21.8467. PMC 54977. PMID 2236056.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC54977" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC54977</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Hall, Kathleen B. (October 15, 2013). "RNA does the folding dance of twist, turn, stack". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 110 (42): 16706–7. Bibcode:2013PNAS..11016706H. doi:10.1073/pnas.1316029110. JSTOR 23750643. PMC 3801021. PMID 24072647. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3801021" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3801021</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Baumruk, Vladimir; Gouyette, Catherine; Huynh-Dinh, Tam; Sun, Jian-Sheng; Ghomi, Mahmoud (2001-10-01). "Comparison between CUUG and UUCG tetraloops: thermodynamic stability and structural features analyzed by UV absorption and vibrational spectroscopy". Nucleic Acids Research. 29 (19): 4089–4096. doi:10.1093/nar/29.19.4089. ISSN 0305-1048. PMC 60239. PMID 11574692. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC60239" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC60239</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>